双能CT图像域基材料分解算法的研究进展

能谱CT可产生不同X射线能量下的基材料图像,所产生的基材料图像可用于组织成分和造影剂分布的定性与定量评价,且对成像物质分离、鉴别的能力明显优于传统单能CT。能谱CT中双能谱技术是最常用的模式之一,在临床应用中发挥了重大作用。本文就双能谱CT图像域基材料分解的两物质分解、多物质分解方法进行总结,最后展望未来可能的发展方向。     

基于量子蒙特卡罗的地球物理反演方法

本文将量子蒙特卡罗全局优化方法引入地球物理反问题,进而发展了一类新的地球物理非线性反演方法.量子蒙特卡罗方法是基于量子力学机制的随机方法,包括变分蒙特卡罗方法、格林函数蒙特卡罗方法、扩散蒙特卡罗方法、路径积分蒙特卡罗方法.本文简要回顾了量子蒙特卡罗方法的发展,阐述了其方法理论;随后的数值试验结果表明,量子蒙特卡罗方法应用于地球物理反问题的求解是成功的,它适合于非线性、多极值的地球物理反演问题,在收敛速度和避免陷入局部极小等方面有着一定的优势,且该方法也适用于其他领域非线性最优化问题的求解,其算法具有较强的通用性;最后就量子蒙特卡罗方法在地球物理反问题中的应用前景以及存在的问题做了简要概述.     

基于时频分析的中子非弹性散射伽马能谱反演方法

本文针对脉冲中子多循环发射过程中测量的非弹伽马能谱受俘获能谱干扰,引起的油水区分度小的问题,提出了利用时间谱和能谱结合获取纯净非弹伽马能谱的方法.通过蒙特卡罗方法建立C/O仪器数值计算模型,模拟不同井眼和地层条件下的伽马时间谱,分析了井眼和地层对伽马能谱的贡献,对比了俘获伽马时间谱理论计算结果和模拟结果,同时利用某油田刻度井实测数据,验证该方法在评价含油饱和度的可靠性.结果 表明:井眼条件是影响伽马能谱的主控因素;利用理论计算的脉冲区内俘获密度和数值模拟结果一致;采用该方法处理某油田刻度井实测数据,C/O对油、水差异反应更加灵敏度,油水动态范围提高;最终实测井数据也验证了该方法的准确性.     

CTX射线能谱滤过器的优化设计

采用蒙特卡罗方法对CTX射线能谱滤过器的优化设计进行了研究。使用EGSnrc软件对电子打靶产生X光子的物理过程和X光子穿过不同滤过器的物理过程进行了模拟,从信噪比的角度给出了优化设计的依据和计算公式。结果表明,滤过器设计存在最优化的设计参数,但是在不同的成像条件和成像要求下,其最优化参数是不同的,需要根据具体的条件来确...     

Ce片滤过在基于光子计数X射线骨密度测量中的优势

K边缘滤过常用于双能X射线骨密度的测量中,但它与不加K边缘滤过时的多能谱光子计数探测器在骨密度测量中的应用还需要进一步的对比、研究。本文选择利用稀土材料铈（Ce）的K边特性,对广谱X射线进行能谱优化,从而获得双能谱,并针对此种情况下的双能谱提出了一种对应的能量-阈值校准方法,希望一定程度上提高骨密度仪中物质分解的准确度。本文对未加Ce时的三能分解、双能分解与加了Ce片后的双能分解做了对比实验。实验结果显示,在未加Ce片滤过时,三能分解精度比双能分解精度高;经过Ce片滤过后,双能分解精度优于所有未加Ce片滤过时的分解精度。      

利用俘获伽马能谱确定饱和度的可行性及蒙特卡罗模拟研究

脉冲中子伽马能谱测井是利用多探测器获取非弹性散射伽马、热中子俘获伽马能谱及伽马时间谱,通过C/O和地层宏观吸收截面来确定饱和度,但俘获伽马能谱的信息没有得到很好利用,在地层水矿化度较高的情况下,由于俘获伽马能谱的Si,Ca和H的能窗内总的伽马计数与Fe能窗内的伽马计数比值与含氯量有关,因此由俘获伽马能谱确定含水饱和度是可行的,利用MCNP(蒙特卡罗方法)模拟研究了三能窗计数与Fe能窗计数比值与饱和度、岩性、孔隙度、泥质含量、井眼持水率、地层水矿化度以及井眼套管等条件下的关系,为在高矿化度地区利用俘获伽马能谱确定饱和度的可行性在理论上提供了支持.     

小动物PET能窗下限设置的模拟实验研究

由于正电子发射断层扫描中的散射符合计数会使图像质量变差,通过能窗设置,可以减小散射符合计数对图像的不良影响。本文研究能窗下限对PET符合计数的影响;利用蒙特卡罗方法对中科院高能物理研究所研制的Eplus-166型小动物PET进行了模拟,并对如何设置能窗下限进行了研究。本研究指出能窗下限的设置应当根据被扫描生物体的大小而定。通过模拟与实验的对比,进一步证实了蒙特卡罗方法模拟PET的可靠性。     

基于GEM的高能X-CT探测的MCNP模拟

使用蒙特卡罗方法中的MCNP程序,对不同能量不同材料的探测器的光电转换效率进行模拟研究。研究结果表明选用不同密度的薄金属片作为光电转换体,X光子的转换效率有明显变化,具有可观的应用开发前景。     

多能谱X射线成像技术及其在CT中的应用

随着探测器技术的不断发展,具有能谱分辨能力的光子计数探测器成为人们研究的焦点,并在X射线成像领域开始得到应用.使用该种探测器,可以将具有较宽能谱分布的X射线分为不同的能区分别进行计数,获得详细的能谱信息及不同能量射线的衰减信息,由此引出了"多能谱成像"的概念.本义介绍了近些年来光子计数探测器技术的发展及其在X射线成像中...     

基于参考组分的双能CT成像方法

双能CT材料分解对了解物质内部材料分布有重要作用,常规CT所使用的X射线能谱分布未知,无法根据能量信息获得材料衰减系数,并且连续能谱投影与单能重建算法不匹配,导致重建图像衰减系数和材料理论衰减系数之间存在误差,分解结果不准确.针对上述问题,本文引入参考组分获得等效能量信息,进而获得材料的单能衰减系数,并且引入邻域空间欧...     

一种基于多能统计的射束硬化校正方法

在X射线层析成像(X-CT)系统中,传统的CT重建算法都基于射线源是单能的假设提出的,而实际的射线源是多能的,直接由多能投影数据用传统的重建算法重建图像,会导致硬化效应。本文把实际的多能谱细化成若干个子能谱,根据光子数服从Poisson分布这一规律建立数学模型,在传统迭代重建算法的基础上,借用统计的方法进行参数估计。实验结果表明该方法可以有效消除重建图像中的杯状伪影,提高重建图像质量。     

Diagnostic Analysis of the Solar Proton Flares of September 2017 by Their Radio Bursts

The powerful solar flares that occurred on September 4–10, 2017 are analyzed based on a quantitative diagnostics method for proton flares developed at the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, the Ionosphere and Radio-Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN) in the 1970–1980s. We show that the fluxes and energy spectra of the protons reached the Earth with the energies of tens of MeV qualitatively and quantitatively correspond to the intensity and frequency spectra of the microwave radio bursts in the range of 2.7–15.4 GHz. Specifically, the flare of September 4 with a peak radio flux S ~ 2000 sfu at the frequency f ~ 3 GHz (i.e., with the soft radio spectrum) was accompanied by a significant proton flux J (>10 MeV) ~100 pfu and a soft energy spectrum with the index γ ~3.0, while the strong flare on September 10 with S ~ 21000 sfu at f ~ 15 GHz (i.e., with the hard radio spectrum) led to a very intense proton event with J (>10 MeV) ~1000 pfu with a hard spectrum (γ ~ 1.4), including the ground level enhancement (GLE72). This is further evidence that microwave radio data can be successfully used in diagnostics of proton flares independently of a specific source of particle acceleration at the Sun, in particular, with the IZMIRAN method.     

Hard X rays of relativistic electrons accelerated in solar flares

The direction and polarization degree of hard X rays (HXRs) in solar flares are studied. The continuous injection of relativistic electrons, which is implemented in powerful flares, is considered. The stationary relativistic kinetic equation is studied by using the method of expansion in terms of the Legendre polynomial and by integrating the equations for the expansion coefficients. The HXR characteristics are calculated using the bremsstrahlung relativistic cross-section for different angular and energetic electron distributions in the acceleration region. A high linear polarization degree of HXRs (??35%) has been obtained for narrow (??cos⁶??) beams of electrons with a soft spectrum (??E ^?6); the polarization degree decreases with increasing quanta energy, whereas the directivity of a high-energy emission increases. This effect is absent for a nonrelativistic approximation. The considered model is applied to one of the most powerful flares in cycle 23, registered on October 28, 2003. The measured polarization degree values at relativistic energies (0.2?C0.4 and 0.4?C1 MeV) agree with the results achieved in the considered model when the electron energy spectrum index (?? = 2.5), angular distribution part (??cos⁶??), and the spectrum cutoff energy (E _max = 1.3 MeV) were specified.     

WAVELET SHAPING AND NOISE REDUCTION *

Approximate deconvolution by means of Wiener filters has become standard practice in seismic data-processing. It is well-known that addition of a certain percentage of noise energy to the autocorrelation of the signal wavelet leads to a filter that does not increase, or even reduces, the noise level on the seismogram. This noise addition will, in general, cause a minimum phase signal to become mixed phase. A technique is presented for the calculation of the optimum-lag shaping filter for a contaminated signal wavelet. The advantages of this method over the more conventional approach are that it needs less arithmetic operations and that it automatically gives the filter with the optimum combination of shaping performance and noise reduction.     

低能自然γ能谱测量的初步研究

提出在全谱测量基础上对自然γ能谱的低能谱段进行研究，将天然γ射线谱的低能部分看作是天然γ射线与物质作用的结果，增加反映岩石物质成分的参数。这样，测量结果提供的不仅有放射性元素分布的数据，而且还有直接反映岩性变化的资料，可用于地质填图及金属矿地质工作。     

The geometric factor of high energy protons detector on FY-3 satellite

Geometric factor is the key parameter for inversion of particle spectrum in space particle detection. Traditional geometric factor is obtained through the method of numerical calculation with the actual structure of the detector as the input condition. The degree of accuracy for data inversion is reduced since traditional geometric factor fails to take into account the physical process of interaction between the particle and substance as well as the influence of factors such as the particle interference between different energy channels on the measurement result. Here we propose an improved geometrical factor calculation method, the concept of which is to conduct actual structural modelling of the detector in the GEANT4 program, consider the process of interaction between the particle and substance, obtain the response function of the detector to particles of different energy channels through the method of Monte Carlo simulation, calculate the influence of contaminated particle on the geometrical factor, and finally get the geometrical factors for different energy channels of the detector. The imrpoved geometrical factor obtained through the method has carried out inversion for the data of high energy protons detector on China’s FY-3 satellite, the energy spectrum after which is more in line with the power law distribution recognized by space physics. The comparison with the measured result of POES satellite indicates that the FY-3 satellite data are in good accordance with the satellite data, which shows the method may effectively improve the quality of data inversion.     

基于目标功率谱和包线的地震动合成

本文给出了以目标功率谱和目标包线函数为双目标函数的人工地震动合成方法,使人工地震动不仅符合目标功率谱,还基本符合目标包线函数,并对加速度基线进行了调整,使速度时程和位移时程更为合理。作者认为如果用反应谱作为目标谱,生成的人工地震动时程可能会弱化地震动的随机特性,用这样的人工地震动时程作为输入来分析建筑结构的非线性动力反应,不是理想的选择。对建筑结构进行非线性时程分析时,用基于功率谱的人工地震动作为输入,应当是一种更为合理的方法。作者认为平方和具有明确的物理意义,是随机信号的总能量参数,并通过理论分析和数值计算,对于一定持时的随机平稳信号样本,平方和(持时×平方平均值)对振幅起重要控制作用。平方和、归一化功率谱、时域包线函数是基于功率谱模型的地震动三要素。     

Interpretation of the energy spectrum and time dynamics of electron fluxes with energies of 0.8–6.0 MeV in geostationary orbit during the recovery phase of the magnetic storm of April 6, 2000

The electron energy spectrum in the energy range of 0.8–6.0 MeV and the time dynamics of electron fluxes during the prolonged (～10 days) recovery phase of the magnetic storm of April 6, 2000, have been analyzed using the Express-A2 geostationary satellite data. These data have been interpreted based on the analytical solution to the nonstationary equation for the particle distribution function taking into account statistical acceleration and catastrophic particle escape from the acceleration region.     

钢筋混凝土底层柔性结构的需求变形能力

本文提出用累积延性系数评价底层柔性结构的底层需求变形能力,并根据地震时能量守恒关系推导了底层需求变形能力计算公式,然后对多质点体系使用实际地震加速度记录进行弹塑性响应分析,并与上述公式的计算结果进行比较。结果表明,本文提出的计算公式能够较好并安全地预测底层柔性结构的需求变形能力。