袋内材料对土工袋动力特性参数影响的试验研究

土工袋加固地基技术已普遍应用于房屋地基、边坡加固等工程中。大量研究表明,土工袋具有显著的减振消能效果。为了进一步探讨不同的袋内充填土体材料对土工袋减振消能效果的影响,通过对不同粒径、级配、黏粒含量的填充土体材料及装有相应填充土体材料的土工袋进行水平循环剪切试验,研究袋内填充土体材料与动剪切模量及等效阻尼比2个参数的关系。试验结果表明,土体装入土工袋后,动剪切模量降低,等效阻尼比增大;当填充土体材料及土工袋内土体材料粒径相对较小、级配均匀、黏粒含量高时,等效阻尼比和动剪切模量较大。总体而言,粒径和级配对土工袋减振消能效果影响不大。     

应用地热温标估算地下热储温度

利用6省区49个热水样品的测试数据,分4类方法估算热储温度,以天津地区为例,讨论区域地质背景下热储温度的估算,并对怀疑发生混合作用的水样点建立混合模型。结果表明,不同地热温标的应用条件各不相同,应用到实际水样后得到的温标估算结果差异很大,需要利用Na-K-Ca三角图和lg （Q/K）图判断矿物-流体的平衡状态,还要综合考虑蒸汽散失、混合等对温度的影响。天津地区8个地热井估算的热储温度在83～120 ℃之间;广州三元里井热水混合前的深部热储温度为79.3 ℃,混入的冷水比例为83%。     

矩形巷道孔边应力的弹性分析

对已有的矩形巷道孔边应力研究成果进行了归纳,并提出其存在的问题。在此基础上,利用隧洞围岩应力复变函数分析法中的解析函数通式和单位圆外域-洞室外域共形映射函数计算方法,计算了不同跨高比和侧压力系数下的矩形巷道孔边应力,分析并获得了其对孔边应力分布的影响规律。给出了原岩垂直应力分量 和水平分量 单独作用下矩形巷道顶板和侧帮中点的应力集中系数,并与相关研究结果进行了比较分析,结果表明,矩形巷道的计算断面与理论断面边界线间的误差对孔边应力计算值有较大的影响。采用共形映射函数计算方法获得的计算断面更逼近理论断面,采用解析函数通式进行围岩应力计算时不产生精度损失,研究成果更接近于矩形巷道理论值,可供巷道设计及围岩稳定性分析作理论参考。     

引汉济渭工程边坡岩体变形特性研究

三河口水利枢纽是引汉济渭工程两大水源工程之一,边坡岩体变形特性是主要的岩石力学问题,为此用刚性承压板法和钻孔变形试验,针对坝肩边坡不同岩性、不同风化程度岩体开展了大量原位试验。综合分析92个点刚性承压板变形试验成果,获得了不同岩体变形参数范围,重点讨论了不同变形曲线类型、各因素对试验成果的影响。介绍了钻孔变形试验方法及原理,分析了坝肩边坡岩体钻孔变形试验成果,最后对两种方法的变形试验进行对比,并综合评价了边坡岩体的变形特性。结果表明,该工程坝肩边坡岩体具有较高的变形参数,变形曲线大部分为直线型,岩体变形特性与岩体类别密切相关,两种试验方法所得岩体变形参数总体趋势一致。     

岩石力学性质的应变率效应试验

以玄武岩为试样,开展了中低应变率下的岩石单轴抗压试验。本次研究分析应变率对岩石抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比等力学参数的影响,分别提出了岩石抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比等参数与应变率之间的拟合关系式。以峰值应力对应的应变和峰值后的软化模量为脆性评价指标,分析加载应变率对岩石脆性的影响。研究表明:(1)岩石抗压强度、弹性模量均随应变率的增加而增加。(2)岩石泊松比随应变率增加而减小。(3)随着应变率增加大,峰值应力对应的应变增大,峰值后的应变软化程度减小,岩石脆性减弱。(4)应变率对岩石抗压强度影响较大,对弹性模量和泊松比的影响较小。(5)曲线拟合效果良好,提出的拟合关系式合理。     

Correlation of the middle devonian formations of Australia

In the Precambrian rocks west and southwest of the Mount Isa Fault three significant fold generations are recognized. Within individual successions, units containing an early phase of deformation are juxtaposed by a late fault against a sequence that does not share these earlier events.

Many of the large‐scale structures in the Judenan Beds are first‐generation folds, whereas west of the Judenan Beds the area is dominated by second‐generation folds. These two sets of folds are tentatively correlated and are referred to as the Judenan Folds. An earlier set of pre‐Judenan folding is only found in the units west of the Judenan Beds. One phase of the Sybella Granite is also associated with the Judenan folding. Later small‐scale folds associated with a crenulation cleavage are, however, of little regional importance and are commonly found only in zones of highly deformed rocks.     

颗粒流离散元在滑坡运动过程模拟中的应用

介绍了颗粒流离散元的分析原理,以某岩质边坡为实例,构建了计算模型。根据实际资料,在计算模型中加了节理,节理的力学参数弱于岩体。在下方的抗滑挡土墙完全失去作用的情况下,用此模型对该滑坡的运动过程进行了计算预测,分析了整体的变形、不同部位的位移和应力等运动特点,上部粉质粘土区系拉裂引起的下滑,下部碎石土区因挡墙损坏而产生沿节理面的滑动,但拉应力变化不大。指出了在该滑坡存在2个滑动面,并针对2个滑动面提供了相应的治理建议。     

土性平稳随机场的空间统计特性分析

阐明了平稳随机场的空间统计特性,根据平稳随机场各态历经性概念,讨论了土层满足各态历经性的条件,以及计算空间平均方差和相关距离的公式。并结合工程实例,分析了空间平均方差计算的影响因素。     

不同形式诱导缝的等效强度承载性能的数值分析

将考虑尺寸效应规律的混凝土等效断裂模型应用到不同形式诱导缝等效强度公式中,得到了修正后的不同形式诱导缝的等效强度公式。同时,得到了诱导缝等效强度的变化曲线,并比较了单双向间隔诱导缝的优劣,得到双向间隔诱导缝优于单向间隔诱导缝的结论,为高拱坝中诱导缝的设计提出了建议。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系孔洞充填特征分析

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系以碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔洞为主要的油气储集空间.通过100余口钻井300余个岩石薄片,以单个薄片的溶斑为研究对象,发现孔洞的充填程度在区域上具有明显的分带性,东、西部地区发育的孔洞被完全充填,孔隙消失殆尽,而中部地区孔洞被部分充填,存在大量的剩余孔隙,为油气储集提供了有利空间.孔洞充填物主要为白云石、方解石以...     

The effects of humic substances on the transport of radionuclides: Recent improvements in the prediction of behaviour and the understanding of mechanisms

Some recent developments made during the European Union 6th Framework Integrated Project FUNMIG in the understanding and prediction of behaviour in ternary systems of radionuclides, humic substances and mineral surfaces are described. These developments are placed in the context of the existing literature. The aim is to describe the current understanding of humic substance mediated radionuclide transport as it may be applied to calculations in support of Radiological Performance Assessment. Some improvements in experimental techniques that provide the raw data to calibrate metal ion binding models are explained. The various metal ion binding models that are available are described and contrasted, before the recent development of ternary system models, in particular the Ligand Charge Distribution model that can predict metal ion and humic substance behaviour in ternary systems. The kinetic effects in ternary systems are described along with the models that are used to describe them. Finally, the remaining challenges in making predictions of radionuclide transport for the Radiological Performance Assessment of radioactive waste repositories are discussed.     

The environments of production and deposition of calcareous sediments on the shelf west of Scotland

The dominant calcareous organisms and sediment characteristics are described for eight different physical settings on the shelf west of Scotland, each having a different depth, substrate and degree of hydrodynamic exposure.

The principal sites of carbonate production are on shallow rocky substrates where barnacles, molluscs, echinoderms and serpulids are the dominant calcareous organisms. In sheltered shallow sandy zones, molluscs, echinoderms and benthic foraminiferans are the active producers, though the sediments are commonly barnacle-rich. Where tidal currents are enhanced between islands and the waves are suppressed, calcareous red algae (Phymatolithon calcareum) and mussel shells build localised banks. In deep, open-shelf water molluscs are the major skeletal contributor to the sediment, though on rocky sea beds bryozoans, serpulids and echinoderms are important.

The major sites of deposition are where persistent hydro- (and aero-) dynamic conditions sweep together grains from active production sites (e.g., sand ribbons or beaches and dunes adjacent to shallow rocky platforms) or in sinks where the physiographic configuration favours the deposition and retention of locally produced sediment or sediment derived from suspension. The well-sorted, cross-bedded, beach and dune sands commonly contain > 75% CaCO₃. In sheltered depressions, bioturbated muds accumulate with up to 30% calcite silt, which is probably the breakdown product of barnacles and benthic foraminiferans.     

Some problems of the geochemistry of the supergene zone

Supergenesis, sedimentational lithogenesis, and technological activities of man are characterized here in brief, as well as the geocosmochemical processes. Principal types of geochemical territories are indicated for supergenesis and sedimentational lithogenesis. Considerations are presented for expansion of the research in supergenesis and lithogenesis, and its fundamental orientations and major problems are defined. -- Authors     

地基 结构系统地震响应的突变模型分析

由拉格朗日方程导出地基 结构系统地震响应分析的动力方程，利用突变模型分析了系统对地震响应的复杂过程，并分析了振幅响应的跳跃现象和“路径”效应等非线性动力特性，得出了有意义的结论。分析结果对地基 结构系统的参数设计有一定的参考价值。     

岩土体物理力学参数对岩质滑坡稳定性的影响

采用有限元-极限平衡法研究了含软弱滑动带的岩质滑坡滑动体、滑动带和滑床的密度、弹性模量和泊松比及滑动带的抗剪强度对滑坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:滑床密度、滑体及滑动带的弹性模量、滑动带及滑床的泊松比和滑动的抗剪强度指标与滑坡稳定性系数呈正相关关系,而滑体及滑动带土体密度、滑床的弹性模量和滑体的泊松比与滑坡稳定性系数呈负相关关系;软弱滑动带的抗剪强度对滑坡稳定性的影响最显著,其次为软弱滑动带的泊松比和滑床的弹性模量,其他参数的影响相对较小。      

泥火山——天然气水合物存在的活证据

海底天然气水合物大多与通过切穿沉积盖层的断裂的上升烃类流体相关，这些高渗透带包括泥火山和底辟等侵入构造，所以泥火山、底辟和海底断裂等构造周围可能赋存水合物；实际钻探结果也证实，泥火山和水合物的形成与聚集有较为密切的关系。泥火山，它是地层内部圈闭气体由于压力释放上冲的结果，也是气体向上运移的通道。文章初步总结了泥火山与水合物的成矿关系，认为泥火山是水合物赋存的标志之一，是水合物存在的活证据。本文对我国泥火山与水合物的发育和赋存进行了分析预测，并对泥火山构造中水合物的成矿模式进行了初步探讨。     

滨海城市环境工程地质问题发育特点分析

本文分析了我国滨海城市环境工程地质问题的主要类型,研究了环境工程地质问题的发育特点。     

Peculiarities of chemical composition of triassic alkaline rocks of the Magnitogorsk Zone of the Southern Urals

The peculiarities of the chemical composition and the isotopic characteristics of Triassic alkaline aegirine-riebeckite rocks composing several small massifs in the Eastern Magnitogorsk Zone of the Southern Urals were found. These massifs are located along two meridional shift zones. Alkaline rocks from all massifs are similar in their concentration of major and minor elements and are divided into three intrusion phases: (1) monzodiorite; (2) alkaline syenite; (3) alkaline granosyenite and alkaline granite. It was established that rocks of the eastern zone are distinguished by higher potassium and iron concentrations.     

国内外地震液化场地特征对比研究

收集整理了阪神、通海、唐山、集集以及海城地震等5次大地震的液化资料,对比分析了场地特征,剖析了其差别和联系。分析结果表明,几次地震中液化层埋藏深度、液化场地地下水位深度差异明显,液化层和地下水位分布范围从小到大依次为通海地震、唐山地震、阪神地震和集集地震,液化层分别主要集中在0～2、2～6、4～6、2～8 m间,地下水位则分别主要集中在0～1、1～2、1～3、1～3 m间;集集地震液化层埋深和水位均分布最广,液化层埋深分布在0～20 m,地下水位则分布在0～9 m范围;几次地震液化层标准贯入击数集中范围相似,主要在5～15击之间,但范围差异显著,通海地震虽然地下水位和液化层埋藏深度最浅,但标贯击数均值最大,而集集地震标贯击数范围最广,最大超过30击;几次地震液化层剪切波速变化范围差异明显,海城地震在150 m/s以内,阪神地震集中在150～200 m/s,而集集地震集中在150～250 m/s,其均值接近200 m/s,且有波速250 m/s左右液化场地存在,以往认为场地剪切波速210 m/s以上可不考虑场地液化的认识有误。     

广州飞碟训练中心高边坡稳定性分析

以广州飞碟训练中心人工高边坡工程为背景,讨论了人工高边坡设计中的若干关键技术问题,介绍了边坡设计方案。基于相同物理模型和边界条件,先后运用不同极限平衡理论分析该高边坡稳定性,分析了不同极限平衡法计算结果的差异和原因,以及极限平衡法在边坡计算中的限制。运用有限元强度折减法进行相同条件下的计算,并对不考虑锚索加固和考虑锚索加固的边坡计算结果进行比较,分析边坡变形特征和破坏机制,指出有限元折减强度法的优势。