深部隐伏多金属矿碘的地球化学原生异常

基于碘元素的地球化学特性,本文研究了碘晕在深部隐伏多金属矿床上的发育特征.通过勘查实例,重点阐明了几种不同赋矿地质条件下碘的地球化学原生异常分布模式;统计不同矿区岩石和垂直矿体部位岩、矿石中碘元素的平均含量的变化规律,确定了碘异常的分散距离,指出它在垂宜分带序列中一直处于序列之首,是地球化学找矿中典型的远程指示元素.确认碘异常在深部隐伏矿找矿中,可以发挥独特的指示作用.     

铅同位素找矿方法研究现状与进展综述

铅同位素地球化学研究已从模式年龄定年、探讨成矿物质来源,开始走向应用于化探与找矿评价,特别是近年来铅同位素用于化探与找矿评价的方法也不断取得新进展。本文对有关铅同位素用于化探和找矿评价的主要理论方法进行了简要介绍和讨论,并阐述了基于隐伏系数的资源量预测方法的新进展。     

运用放射性水化学方法寻找隐伏铀矿体

着重介绍了放射性水化学方法寻找隐伏铀矿的过程：即,从找到放射性水化学异常点到放射性水化学异常晕,到初步评价和工程揭露。以放射性水化学找矿2个成果为例,说明放射性水化学方法是寻找隐伏铀矿的有效方法之一。     

大型铜多金属矿床地球化学异常评价指标的量化研究

集20多个铜、多金属矿床的区域、矿带(田)、矿床不同比例尺的地质、地球化学勘查资料,研制了定量评价大矿异常的地球化学方法。在系统研究不同规模多种勘查尺度地球化学异常特征的基础上,初步总结了评价大型矿床的地球化学量化评价预测指标。     

Negative Haloes and Geochemical Field Systems of Hydrothermal Deposits

Primary haloes of hydrothermal deposits were previously considered as positive haloes. Although it has been recently suggested that primary haloes incude positive and negative ones, almost all the research work on primary haloes has still focused on positive haloes for various reasons. In order to understand the source of ore substances a number of large hydrothermal deposits related to magmatism including porphyry, skarn and vein type deposits have been studied. It has been found that negative haloes exist on the peripheries of positive haloes of a mineral deposit. On the basis of the study the authors propose the concept of the geochemical field system of ore-forming elements of hydrotherreal deposits, i. e., with the orebody as the centre outwards there occur the mineralized field, positive halo field, depleted field and background field successively.     

区域地球化学评价中变异系数校正参数的意义

通过对我国新疆西天山各地球化学区数据的归纳和研究,计算西天山12种常见成矿元素在各地球化学区的富集系数,提出校正系数公式,并将变异系数进行合理的校正与排序。与实际矿床和矿点结合,验证校正系数的正确性和适用性,预测元素成矿有利顺序和规律,总结出西天山富集系数与变异系数在成矿中的制约关系。该方法实现了不同成矿元素之间成矿条件的对比,拓宽了地球化学参数的适用性,提高了在勘探程度较低的地区地球化学评价方法的准确性,为地球化学评价提供科学依据。     

Negative Haloes and Geochemical Field Systems of Hydrothermal Deposits1

Abstract Primary haloes of hydrothermal deposits were previously considered as positive haloes. Although it has been recently suggested that primary haloes incude positive and negative ones, almost all the research work on primary haloes has still focused on positive haloes for various reasons. In order to understand the source of ore substances a number of large hydrothermal deposits related to magmatism including porphyry, skarn and vein type deposits have been studied. It has been found that negative haloes exist on the peripheries of positive haloes of a mineral deposit. On the basis of the study the authors propose the concept of the geochemical field system of ore-forming elements of hydrothermal deposits, i. e., with the orebody as the centre outwards there occur the mineralized field, positive halo field, depleted field and background field successively.     

津巴布韦塔卡金矿地球化学异常特征及找矿标志

本文以津巴布韦塔卡金矿的区域地球化学资料为基础,对矿区地球化学特征、金成矿条件及找矿标志进行了分析,发现矿体主要赋存于元古宙Umkondo群的绢云石英片岩中,并受南北向区域构造控制。区内Au、W 、Hg 、Sb等异常共生组合元素,均可作为Au的找矿指示元素。通过对塔卡金矿的区域地质-地球化学异常特征和找矿标志的研究,建立了该金矿的地球化学异常模型及找矿标志,对已取得的1:25万区域化探异常的筛选和评价,以及进一步提高化探找矿效果,均具有一定的启示意义。     

贵州省兴仁县紫木凼金矿床地球化学勘查模型

系统研究了紫木凼金矿床不同比例尺勘查结果的地质、地球化学资料,建立了紫木凼金矿床的区域(1：20万)、矿田(1:5万)和矿床(1：1万)3种尺度的地球化学勘查模型。对1：20万区域化探异常评价具有一定的借鉴意义。     

辽宁省抚顺棋盘山矿区物化探地质特征及找矿方向浅析

本文论述了辽宁省抚顺棋盘山矿区的地质、物化探及、矿化体特征,指出花岗斑岩体具有良好的分带性,是低阻高极化体且与土壤地球化学异常吻合。分析了Au、Mo矿化体的空间分布规律、原生晕的分带规律以及矿化体与蚀变之间的关系,指出Au矿化体多产于岩体内部的断裂带内,且与硅化、褐铁矿化、黄体矿化关系密切;而Mo矿化体呈矿化带产于岩体的外接触带中,与硅化关系密切;原生晕在轴向上具有Pb-Ag-Zn-Au-Mo-Cu的分带特征。根据矿区的地质、物化探异常以及蚀变,概括了可能的找矿标志,认为物化探异常地段以及岩体接触带应是今后找矿的重点方向。     

土壤地球化学测量在菲律宾红土型镍矿勘查中的应用

通过在菲律宾迪纳加特岛红土型镍矿勘查区开展土壤地球化学测量工作,发现了一批有价值的地球化学异常。根据红土型镍矿的成矿地质条件与特征,评价了异常区的找矿潜力,圈定了红土型镍矿的找矿靶区,并在靶区的工程查证中取得了较好的找矿效果。工作效果证明,土壤地球化学测量方法对于红土型镍矿的找矿具有高效、快速和低成本的优势。     

山东焦家金矿床深部成矿预测与找矿效果对比

焦家金矿床是著名的构造破碎蚀变岩型金矿床，通过物化探研究，对深部成矿远景进行预测并布置了钻探工程，大致查明了矿床深部破碎蚀变带地质特征及含矿性；基本探明了矿体的规模，形态，产状及赋存部位，矿石的类型和结构构造等特征，并合理地圈定了矿体，以深部原生晕建立了深部化探异常模式，指出了深部矿体矿头和近矿指示元素组合特点，从而为深部是否继续开展普查提供了依据。通过钻探工程验证，矿体及构造带的位置与物探结果比较吻合，说明本区物探方法寻找隐伏矿体有较好的效果。     

Supraore Haloes of Buried Submarine Placers: Formation Conditions and Implications for Prospecting

The structure and formation conditions of secondary geochemical haloes above the buried and flooded placers and their submarine sources in the nearshore shelf zone are considered with a special emphasis on the geochemical processes in placers. It is shown that these processes are most contrasting during periodical emergence and submergence of the shelf. They are of crucial importance in the prospecting for buried mineralization. Submarine tin placers on the Eterikan Strait shelf in the northern framework of Bol'shoi Lyakhovskii Island (New Siberian Islands) were investigated. It was established that ore placers buried below the sealevel are accompanied by contrasting supraore anomalies that penetrate the entire overlying sedimentary sequence and reach the seafloor. The most contrasting anomalies of ore element assemblages are typical of the modern active layer of bottom sediments. It plays the role of an efficient complex geochemical barrier that can accumulate the geochemical information on underlying sediments. Facts demonstrating the efficiency of prospecting works within contours of these anomalies and discovery of buried submarine placers are presented.     

“离子晕法”及其方法学意义

介绍了“离子晕法”的方法背景和测量方法,对与被测物质赋存形式有关的问题进行了讨论与地气法对比,推测离子晕法和气法所测的物质可能是一类物质－赋存于气体中的固相微粒,这种认识可作为研制和改进一系列隐伏矿化探方法的基础。     

Primary Halo Zoning and Deep Metallogenic Prediction in the Fengliushan Section of the Gejiu Sn - Cu Polymetallic Ore Field,Yunnan Province北大核心CSCD

云南个旧风流山矿段位于老卡岩体西侧,老厂矿田的南部,风流山Sn-Cu多金属矿段属于蚀变花岗岩型矿化,矿化发生于花岗岩内蚀变带,矿体受断裂和裂隙控制。运用格里戈良分带指数法对风流山34矿段第5勘探线剖面样品进行蚀变矿化分析和原生晕研究,探究其深部矿体赋存状况。(1)矿体原生晕分带清晰,原生晕展布形态与矿体空间分布相似。(2)由各断面的分带指数,得到矿体原生晕轴向分带序列为(由前缘至尾部):Mo-Sn-Bi-Ag-As-Cu-W-Co-F-Pb-Zn-Sb-B-U-Ta。(3)以风流山34矿段第5勘探线剖面分带指数为基础,选取(Mo×Bi×Zn)D/(U×B×Sb)D和(Mo+Bi+Zn)D/(U+B+Sb)D作为构建深部矿体定量评价模型的指标。根据比值的曲线变化规律,推测该矿段深部可能存在盲矿体。     

The geochemical environment of the Wilcherry Hill base metal mineralisation,South Australia

High grade lead-zinc-silver mineralisation occurs in metamorphosed carbonate and calc-silicate sequences at Wilcherry Hill, South Australia. Whole rock lithogeochemistry indicates that the host sequence of the mineralisation can be defined and contrasted from others at both prospect and exploration licence scales. Geochemical haloes are identified on the basis of Pb, Zn and Mn variations. A saline and possibly evaporitic environment of deposition distal from basin margins is proposed for the host sequence on the basis of alkali element compositions, iron formation facies, carbonate compositions, and comparisons with geochemically similar, less metamorphosed sequences with base metal mineralisation in the Middle Proterozoic of northern Australia. The combination of geochemical haloes and definition of the depositional environment provide additional criteria for the exploration geologist, even in metamorphosed and deformed terrains.     

闽北邵武地区萤石矿综合信息找矿方法研究

福建邵武地区萤石矿属热液充填型, 萤石矿赋存于NE向、近SN向断裂破碎带中。目前萤石矿找矿工作逐渐向隐伏矿和深部矿转移, 本文通过该区张厝萤石矿预测区物化探综合信息方法找矿实例, 探讨隐伏-隐半伏萤石矿物化探综合预测方法组合。结果表明: 区域化探、高精度磁测、视电阻率联合剖面和可控源大地音频电磁测深等物化探技术方法组合对热液充填型萤石矿勘查评价具有较好的效果。     

甘南高寒草甸景观区金的表生地球化学特征

主要阐述了高寒草甸景观区金的表生地球化学特征,以及制约金的表生地球化学异常发育的表生景观因素。研究表明,在对区域化探异常评价时,应将它与所处的地质、表生地球化学环境作为一个整体看待,交有利的环境标志转化为异常的评价指标,提高金矿勘查水平和找矿效率。     

Developments of geochemical methods for ore prospecting in Bulgaria

Three periods in the development of geochemical methods for ore prospecting in Bulgaria may be distinguished — initial (1954–1960), middle (1961–1969) and contemporary (since 1970) — which are characterized by successively increasing numbers of samples and improving methods of geochemical data evaluation. Geochemical methods have been recognized as effective, rapid and relatively cheap methods for prospecting for ore deposits (Cu, Pb, Zn, Au, W, Mo, etc.), some nonmetalliferrous raw materials (fluorite, barite, phosphorites) and hydrocarbons. They are used in all stages of exploration at scales from 1:200,000 to 1:200. They have contributed to the elucidation of the ore perspectives in many regions, and a number of new ore bodies and deposits have been discovered.Basic geochemical methods applied to ore prospecting in the country utilize soil and rock to detect secondary and primary aureoles. Stream-sediment surveys, hydrochemical and atmochemical methods are of more restricted use. Samples are analyzed by emission spectrometry, atomic absorption and other methods. A united system of computerized processing of geochemical data has been developed, including automatic drawing of geochemical maps.Interpretation of the data consists in selection of prospective geochemical anomalies and prognostication of the composition, morphology, depth and industrial significance of hidden ore bodies. The main problem in the mathematical processing of data is the presentation of polydimensional results from analyses in the form of generalized quantities — multiplicative or additive geochemical indicator ratios for the type of mineralization, coefficients of zoning, intensity, etc. The geochemical indices for evaluation of the newly found anomalies are derived through studies of the primary geochemical aureoles of typical standard ore deposits.Residual secondary soil aureoles in most cases are well correlated in composition and structure with the ore bodies and primary aureoles which have generated them. Their successful use is related to the landscape-geochemical conditions in the ore regions. Micro- and macro-chemical zoning of ground waters and different concentration of soluble components in different elevation belts are used for evaluation of hydrochemical anomalies.     

Some aspects of the problem of geochemical methods of prospecting for concealed mineralization

This paper describes a number of different geochemical approaches to the search for concealed ore deposits.The first approach discussed is a broad one that relates mineralization to the types of rock that may occur in a region. Attention is focussed on hydrothermal deposits and their association with specific types of igneous rocks and their differentiation trends.A second considers the control of the structure and physico-chemical properties of the host rocks on the localization of ore bodies. A number of factors, such as effective and total porosity and the brittleness of rocks also plays an important role in determining the nature and extent of dispersion haloes of the elements around ore deposits.In some instances it is possible to predict the presence of ore bodies at depth from the type of composition of metasomatized rocks that occur at the surface.The use of mercury and fluorine in the search for concealed deposits has been given detailed consideration. Methods based on fluorine may be effective in the discovery of skarn, greisen, hydrothermal and rare metal deposits. When using the fluorine content of waters from a taiga-permafrost terrain, it is important to consider the effect of the organic content of the water.In searching for Cu-Ni deposits of the Noril'sk type it is suggested that intrusive complexes characterized by high degrees of differentiation and containing picritic and taxitic facies enriched in Mg, Ni and Co and depleted in alkalis are the most prospective. Ore deposits of this type may have dispersion haloes of Ag, Bi, Zn and Pb which are associated with ore-controlling faults. Magnesian and calcareous skarns, feldspathic and serpentine-chlorite-prehnite rocks may form broad contact haloes with ore-bearing intrusions.The use of gases in prospecting for Cu-Mo deposits in Central Kazakhstan have been investigated with positive results. Gas surveys carried out in conjunction with geophysical methods makes it possible to distinguish zones of Cu-Mo mineralization from zones containing pyrite and carbonaceous material, all of which give similar geophysical responses.The occurrences of uranium in aquifers on the flanks of artesian basins within arid regions is used as an example of the use of geochemical zonation in prospecting. The same approach may be used in prospecting for copper-bearing sandstones.