C2/m丁道衡矿-(Ce)的发现与研究

丁道衡矿-(Ce)是在白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe矿发现的一种新的稀土元素矿物,被视为是真正的珀硅铈钛矿(Perrierite)的同质多象体和硅钛铈矿(Chevkinite)亚族C(1)位上的钛类似物。同时,它还是自然界发现的首例硅钛铈矿亚族具P21/a空间群的天然产物。之后,在攀枝花V-Ti-Fe矿红格矿区找到一种几可全方位同白云鄂博产原型丁道衡矿-(Ce)对比,但空间群为C2/m的丁道衡矿-(Ce)变体,并作了全面、系统的矿物学研究。自此,参照先例,攀枝花产具C2/m空间群的丁道衡矿-(Ce)宜称C2/m丁道衡矿-(Ce);而白云鄂博原型丁道衡矿-(Ce)宜称P21/a丁道衡矿-(Ce)。C2/m丁道衡矿-(Ce)的发现与研究揭示,已有的硅钛铈族矿物何以具有C2/m变体和P21/a变体的成因解释,尚不能圆满诠释2种变体的形成。     

公路大桥直径2m钻孔灌注桩施工

１工程概况跨越广深准高速铁路的南岗公路特大桥主桥墩基础钻孔灌注桩设计桩径２ｍ,设计为一桩一柱,桩数３６根,桩长为４５～５６ｍ,桩端入微风化花岗岩１ｍ,砼强度等级为Ｃ３０,单桩承载力１１５００ｋＮ。这是我公司首次承担如此大直径的钻孔灌注桩工程。施工主要...     

20m2蒸发池坑内的积水处理

２０ｍ＾２蒸发池坑内积水对其蒸发量的观测精度影响较大。对坑内积水影响观测精度的误差进行了试验分析,同时介绍了宜昌蒸发站对积水的施工处理过程。     

Thermodynamic analysis of the system Na2O-K2O-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-F2O?1: Stability of fluorine-bearing minerals in felsic igneous suites

Thermodynamic analysis of the system Na₂O-K₂O-CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O-F₂O_–1 provides phase equilibria and solidus compatibilities of rock-forming silicates and fluorides in evolved granitic systems and associated hydrothermal processes. The interaction of fluorine with aluminosilicate melts and solids corresponds to progressive fluorination of their constituent oxides by the thermodynamic component F₂O_–1. The chemical potential (F₂O_–1) buffered by reaction of the type: MO_n/2 (s)+n/2 [F₂O_–1]=MF_n (s, g) where M=K, Na, Ca, Al, Si, explains the sequential formation of fluorides: carobbiite, villiaumite, fluorite, AlF₃, SiF₄ as well as the common coexistence of alkali- and alkali-earth fluorides with rock-forming aluminosilicates. Formation of fluorine-bearing minerals first starts in peralkaline silica-undersaturated, proceeds in peraluminous silica-oversaturated compositions and causes progressive destabilization of nepheline, albite and quartz, in favour of villiaumite, cryolite, topaz, chiolite. Additionally, it implies the increase of buffered fluorine solubilities in silicate melts or aqueous fluids from peralkaline silica-undersaturated to peraluminous silica-oversaturated environments. Subsolidus equilibria reveal several incompatibilities: (i) topaz is unstable with nepheline or villiaumite; (ii) chiolite is not compatible with albite because it only occurs only at very high F₂O_–1 levels. The stability of topaz, fluorite, cryolite and villiaumite in natural felsic systems is related to their peralkalinity (peraluminosity), calcia and silica activity, and linked by corresponding chemical potentials to rock-forming mineral buffers. Villiaumite is stable in strongly peralkaline and Ca-poor compositions (An_<0.001). Similarly, cryolite stability requires coexistence with nearly-pure albite (An_<2). Granitic rocks with Ca-bearing plagioclase (An_>5) saturate with topaz or fluorite. Crystallization of topaz is restricted to peraluminous conditions, consistent with the presence of Li-micas or anhydrous aluminosilicates (cordierite, garnet, andalusite). Fluorite is predicted to be stable in peraluminous biotite granites, amphibole-, clinopyroxene- or titanite-bearing calc-alkaline suites as well as in peralkaline granitic and syenitic rocks. Fluorine concentrations in felsic melts buffered by the coexistence of F-bearing minerals and feldspars increase from peralkaline through metaluminous to mildly peraluminous compositions. At low-temperature conditions, the hydrothermal evolution of peraluminous granitic and greisen systems is controlled by white mica-feldspar-fluoride equilibria. With decreasing temperature, topaz gradually breaks down via: (i) (OH)F_–1 substitution and fluorine transfer to fluorite by decalcification of plagioclase below 600 °C, (ii) formation of muscovite and additional fluorite at 475–315 °C, and (iii) formation of paragonite and cryolite, consuming F-rich topaz and albite below 315 °C. These equilibria explain the absence of magmatic fluorite in Ca-bearing topaz granitic rocks; its abundance in hydrothermal rocks is due to: (i) closed-system defluorination of topaz, (ii) open-system decalcification of plagioclase or (iii) hydrolytic alteration. These results provide a complete framework for the investigation of fluorine-bearing mineral stabilities in felsic igneous suites.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.Editorial responsibility: T.L. Grove     

2μm重钙增强增韧硬质聚氯乙烯制品的研究

优选2μm重钙和轻钙,进行UPVC标准样块和UPVC给水管的填充对照实验表明：2μm重钙对PVC具有更优化的增强增韧及流变性适宜等均衡改性功效;在填充量高达26．6％的情况下,UPVC给水管的各项性能指标均达到国家标准;2μm重钙替代轻钙用作UPVC制品的填料是完全可行的。利用扫描电镜分析（SEM）及电镜照片直接数字化测量等手段．揭示2μm重钙对PVC树脂的等径粒子填充和填料中适量的纳米粒子含量是其增强增韧UPVC制品的机理所在。2μm重钙填料的特征为：粉体自分散性良好,d100≤2μm,d50 0．201μm,纳米粒子的含量≥12％,粒度分布符合近正态或R-R分布。     

广东珠海大桥直径2m桥桩孔成孔施工实践

在珠海大桥桥桩孔的成孔施工实践中采用了滚刀钻头、泵吸反循环工艺，施工２．０ｍ和２．２ｍ大口径桥桩孔，对施工工艺参数、水上平台作业对大口径施工机械设备的技术要求、事故处理以及滚刀钻头在软土地层中钻进的可行性等方面进行了探讨。     

H2O2在α-Fe2O3表面非均相氧化SO2机理的模拟研究

通过密度泛函理论模拟了H_2O_2和SO_2气体在矿物氧化物(α-Fe_2O_3)表面上的非均相反应,研究了H_2O_2和SO_2在α-Fe_2O_3(001)表面的吸附机制和氧化机制。研究结果表明,SO_2、H_2O_2均在α-Fe_2O_3(001)表面通过Fe原子进行吸附,H_2O_2相比于SO_2优先吸附在α-Fe_2O_3(001)表面,且H_2O_2在表面的赋存形式趋向于两个·OH形式吸附。通过二者共吸附的局域态密度、差分电荷密度、Mulliken电荷布局分析结果发现,SO_2和H_2O_2的共吸附形式是通过H_2O_2产生的·OH吸附在α-Fe_2O_3(001)表面,同时SO_2被H_2O_2产生的·OH氧化[S(SO_2)-电荷布局:0. 79 e→1. 32 e; O(H_2O_2)-电荷布局:-0. 77 e→-1. 11 e]形成·OH+SO_2团簇。模拟结果表明大气微量气体H_2O_2能够在矿物氧化物表面介导SO_2吸附并促进SO_2的转化,为理解H_2O_2在大气中非均相氧化SO_2的反应过程提供了理论依据。     

Thermal expansion along the NaAlSi2O6–NaFe3+Si2O6 and NaAlSi2O6–CaFe2+Si2O6 solid solutions

The high temperature volume and axial parameters for six C2/c clinopyroxenes along the NaAlSi₂O₆–NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆ and NaAlSi₂O₆–CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆ joins were determined from room T up to 800°C, using integrated diffraction profiles from in situ high temperature single crystal data collections. The thermal expansion coefficient was determined by fitting the experimental data according to the relation: ln(V/V ₀) = α(T − T ₀). The thermal expansion coefficient increases by about 15% along the jadeite–hedenbergite join, whereas it is almost constant between jadeite and aegirine. The increase is related to the Ca for Na substitution into the M2 site; the same behaviour was observed along the jadeite–diopside solid solution, which presents the same substitution at the M2 site. Strain tensor analysis shows that the major deformation with temperature occurs in all samples along the b axis; on the (010) plane the higher deformation occurs in jadeite and aegirine at a direction almost normal to the tetrahedral–octahedral planes, and in hedenbergite along the projection of the longer M2–O bonds. The orientation of the strain ellipsoid with temperature in hedenbergite is close to that observed with pressure in pyroxenes. Along the jadeite–aegirine join instead the high-temperature and high-pressure strain are differently oriented.     

西大别造山带红安高压榴辉岩的变质演化：岩相学与Na2O-CaO-K2O-FeO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-O(Fe 2O3)体系中相平衡关系

西大别造山带红安高压榴辉岩主要矿物为石榴石、绿辉石、冻蓝闪石、石英和绿帘石,有时可见蓝闪石、多硅白云母和钠云母。石榴石具有生长环带且边缘成分变化大,可分为代表峰期的Ⅰ型边（X_Mg高、Grs低）和受退变质改造的Ⅱ型边（X_Mg低、Grs高）。石榴石内蓝闪石包体发育冻蓝闪石退变边,说明包体不能完全反映进变质条件。基质绿辉石比包体绿辉石Jd含量低,在一个晶体内成分有明显变化和沿解理缝发育冻蓝闪石,显示峰后绿辉石有成分变化和退变质改造。基质中冻蓝闪石晶体较大,核部见有蓝闪石残留,说明二者有成因联系。冻蓝闪石和绿辉石都发育后成合晶结构,石榴石有韭闪石的反应冠状体。在THERMOCALC程序计算的P-T视剖面图中,石榴石Ⅰ型边反映的峰期P-T条件为2.4~2.6GPa、570~585℃,和基质中多硅白云母Si含量等值线限定范围一致,对应硬柱石蓝闪石榴辉岩组合。石榴石Ⅱ型边P-T范围为1.9~2.4GPa、530~570℃,低于峰期条件。在可能的峰后降压过程中,岩石先后主要经历了硬柱石脱水生成绿帘石和蓝闪石、绿辉石退变为冻蓝闪石的反应阶段。绿辉石、冻蓝闪石发育的后成合晶说明晚期退变过程缺乏流体,石榴石的韭闪石冠状体也可能在该阶段产生,都受局部成分域控制。红安高压榴辉岩中各矿物与成分代表不同变质阶段,称其为冻蓝闪石榴辉岩只是对现有主要组成矿物的描述,不是基于共生关系的严格岩石学命名。     

室温常压下 Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO31--H2O 体系的试验研究

世界上很多海域中的现代碳酸盐沉积正在形成,如巴哈马滩、美国的佛罗里达湾、古巴的巴塔诺湾、中东的波斯湾等地,以及丹麦的某些近海地区。产于这些海域中的现代碳酸盐沉积物,其矿物组成主要是文石,其次为镁方解石,纯方解石较少,现代白云石沉积更为少见。我国的现代碳酸盐沉积见于南海诸岛及海南岛的沿海地带。作者曾利用粉晶照相鉴定了采自我国南海二十余种珊瑚、瓣鳃类、腹足类、有孔虫等现代海相生物壳体的物相,发现除有孔虫和海胆壳是由镁方解石构成外,其余生物壳体皆由文石构成。     

基于2m测温法的地热异常区探测及地温预测

地热异常区的探测对于地热能开发利用至关重要。利用2 m测温法和相关仪器对厦门东山某热泉地区进行实地探测,获取1~2m深度地层温度和导热系数数据,绘制研究区2m深度温度等值线图和浅层热流密度分布云图,圈定地热异常区。运用一维稳态热传导模型对研究区20 m深度地温进行反演,并与研究区20m深度实测温度进行对比分析。结果表明,2m测温法对地热异常区探测效果明显,一维稳态热传导模型对于20m深度地温的预测结果与实测结果较为一致。该方法可以作为地热探测初期的有效手段。     

冻融过程黑土2m土体固液态水分含量动态特征

应用中子仪-TDR联合测定法监测海伦站冻融过程中黑土固液态水分含量的动态特征结果表明:冻结过程,2m土体水分含量增加73.7 mm,约占全年降水总量的13.4%,上层土体水分含量的增加是下层土体水分在温度梯度驱动下向上层迁移造成的。固态水含量是土壤温度和土体含水量综合作用的结果,2 m土体固态水贮量最大值出现在2月下旬至3月初,约占2 m土体总水贮量的60%;液态水含量随冻结时间推移逐渐减少,直至达到稳定的冻结状态,液态水最小含量约占2 m土体总水贮量的40%。     

磁异常矢量倾角法及Za/Ta2、Ha/Ta2比值法

本文提出一种利用磁异常失量倾角这个参量对二度磁异常作定量解释的方法。矢量倾角是T_a(由Z_a、H_a所合成)与测线所夹的角度,其特征可以由其正切即Z_a/H_a值所反映。     

交互四元体系Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7H2O 288 K

采用等温溶解平衡法研究了288K时Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7- H2O四元体系的固液相平衡关系,测定了该四元体系在288K时平衡液相的溶解度和密度。依据实验测定的平衡溶解度数据及对应的平衡固相,绘制了该四元体系的平衡相图及密度组成图。研究结果表明：交互四元体系Li+, Mg2+//SO2-4, B4O2-7- H2O 288K时平衡相图中有2个共饱点,5条单变量曲线,4个结晶区对应的平衡固相分别为Li2B4O7·3H2O,Li2SO4·H2O,MgB4O7·9H2O和MgSO4·7H2O。     

Na2SO4-NaCl-H2O体系固相鉴定的探讨

盐渍土的盐性是决定盐渍土地区工程治理方案所必须考虑的一个重要因素。目前盐性鉴定的方法多局限于确定单一化合物晶体,但对于自然界常是两种以上化合物共存的情况,分析鉴定还不多见。本文针对试验配制的硫酸钠、氯化钠共存的水溶液在25℃和10℃等温条件下,采用正交偏光显微镜、差热分析仪和X—衍射仪,对其固相晶体进行鉴定识别并得到如下结论: 1.在硫酸钠、氯化钠固相共存的条件下,它们各自仍保留原化合物的部分物理、热学和光学特性,仍能采用差热分析、偏光显微镜、X—衍射的方法对其进行鉴别。 2.在正交偏光显微镜下,这两种化合物共存的固相晶型与单一化合物的固相晶型光学性质略有不同,但仍存有单一化合物晶型的部分光学性质,由此能定性地进行固相鉴别。 3.利用差热分析仪和X 衍射试验表明,这两种化合物共存的固相吸热峰值、衍射峰值与单一化合物固相吸热峰值和衍射峰值有所变化,但仍有其一定的变化规律并能以此定性和半定量的鉴别哪种化合物存在与否及两者的近似比例。     

井地瞬变电磁联合探测在2 000 m深部找矿中的应用

深部矿产探测是一个难题,井中瞬变电磁方法(Transient Electromagnetic Method, TEM)通过传感器沿钻孔深入地下,更接近于深部目标体,从而提高见矿率和找矿效果。在国外井中瞬变电磁被广泛地应用于深部找矿勘查中,并取得了许多重要的找矿成果,而在国内受限于仪器、理论研究以及解释技术发展较慢等诸多原因,在实际深部找矿应用方面较少。以辽宁青城子白云金矿区2 000 m深部找矿作为典型案例,开展井中TEM和地面TEM的探测,尝试将地面和井中TEM资料进行综合解释,以期更合理地解释钻孔周围的有利成矿部位。实测结果表明:井中TEM原始剖面曲线在1 400~1 650 m深度段出现典型负异常特征,显示钻孔外局部低阻异常体的存在;此外,井中TEM原始曲线晚期道中出现极化现象,是由于断裂和破碎带中富集的与金密切相关的黄铁矿化引起;地面TEM反演结果清楚显示了测线下方典型分布情况,发现了隐伏断裂深部延伸较大,成矿条件良好;综合分析解释,TEM L52线所推测的隐伏断裂深部仍有良好的金富集条件;经钻孔资料证实,地面和井中TEM综合解释结果正确可靠。研究成果表明,井?地瞬变电磁法联合探测在深部找矿中具有较好应用前景。      

Interactions in the system [basalt-SO2-O2 ± S2]: A thermodynamic model

A thermodynamic model for gas-rock interactions in the system [basalt-SO₂-O₂±S₂] is suggested. Calculations are performed for a wide range of temperatures (100–850°C) and pressures (1–1000 bars). The high-temperature part of this model was verified by experimental research, which was carried out at 850, 650 and 450°C. The modeling prediction of interactions in the system [(alumino)silicates SO₂-O₂±S₂] at relatively low temperatures (100–300°C) gives steady mineral associations that are typical for natural secondary quartzites: quartz-pyrite-hematite-Al-silicates-metal sulfates (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, and Fe). The formation of sulfates stabilizes the level of SO₂ concentration in the gas phase; this level falls with a temperature decrease.     

氟对磷酸盐矿物形成影响的试验研究——Ca2+-HPO42--HCO31--F1--H2O体系

我們在前一篇文章里曾討論了Ca²⁺-HPO₄^2--F^1--H₂O体系中氟对磷酸盐矿物形成影响的若干方面。为了使該項模拟試驗工作更符合于表生作用条件,我們在叶連俊教授的指导下,在上述实驗体系中增加了一个組分--HCO₃^1-,进行了Ca²⁺-HPO₄^2--HCO₃^1-F^1--H₂O体系的試驗研究。其目的为进一步探索在合有HCO₃^1-組分的体系中氟对磷酸盐矿物形成的影响,以及CO₃^2-能否进入磷灰石晶格和磷酸盐矿物与碳酸盐矿物的沉积分异順序等問題。