固原体应变与水位和气压相关性研究

通过对固原体应变与水位、气压等影响因素的相关分析,以及对M2波潮汐因子相对误差等参数的计算,结果显示体应变观测与水位变化长期存在高度反向相关,与气压短期存在高度正相关,且体应变随气压变化在时间上存在40分钟左右的滞后效应。并利用回归相关分析消除水位、气压影响,探讨了体应变与水位、气压相关系数以及响应系数在宁夏地区小震前的变化特点。     

泰安台钻孔应变观测干扰的识别

对山东泰安台钻孔应变干扰因素进行了分析总结,结果表明钻孔应变主要受地下水位、气压、系统故障以及电源干扰等影响。持续降雨是影响水位变化的主要因素,分量应变受水位影响较明显。降雪、降雨、大风、气温波动等均会造成气压的剧烈变化。体应变观测曲线与辅助气压曲线呈正相关,与温度变化呈负相关。     

体应变观测中的气压干扰机制和排除方法的研究

建立体应变理论气压干扰模型,通过实际观测资料研究了气压对体应变月变和日变的干扰过程,探讨消除干扰的方法,且和水位资料作了对比分析。     

井水位气压系数的探讨

井孔水位气压系数是表征井孔水位气压效应以及井孔水位对应力应变反映灵敏程度的重要指标。本文以我国地震地下水观测井网提供的素材为基础,运用统计方法详细分析了影响井孔水位气压系数的因素,重点讨论了对同一井孔而言,气压系数是常数还是变量这个有争议的问题,并通过分析得出了气压系数是变量的结论。本文结论对合理选择地震地下水观测井及从水位观测值中消除气压的影响将是有益的。     

体应变观测中的气压干扰机制和作方法的研究

建立体应变理论气压干扰模型，通过实际观测资料研究了气压对体应变月变和日变的干扰过程，探讨消除干扰的方法，且和水位资料作了对比分析。     

西安基准地震台钻孔体应变观测干扰分析

通过对西安地震台钻孔体应变观测资料的干扰因素进行分析,认为西安钻孔体应变观测资料不同程度地受降雨、气压、钻孔水位、石砭峪水库水位（库容）的影响,并对之间的相关关系及其变化特征进行了分析总结。     

安徽省TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变观测资料干扰分析

对安徽省内同一时间安装,不同地理位置,不同构造条件的5个台站TJ-Ⅱ型钻孔体应变观测资料进行分析,结果表明:5个台站体应变受到的干扰因素存在差异,其中合肥、黄山台体应变受地下水位、降雨、气压影响明显,两台体应变和水位相关程度达到0.85以上,气压相关程度达到0.70以上,降雨干扰系数较大,其中合肥台约为为0.50×10~(-8)/cm。蚌埠台钻孔应变存在严重抽水干扰,产出数据规律不明显;六安台钻孔体应变受水位干扰较小,短周期气压干扰明显,嘉山台仪器安装在无水钻孔内,受降水和水位干扰较小。     

对体应变干扰因素的识别及排除

对体应变干扰因素进行了理论探讨，指出了大气压力对上覆地层的作用和地下水位排灌引起孔隙压力变化是体应变主要干扰因素。分析了体应变、水位、气压的三关系，气压与体应变是正相关关系，气压与水位是负相关关系，水位与体应变是正相关关系。因此在数学处理时采用优选法，同时简化干扰条件，寻找单一干扰因素对体应变的回归系数，并对干扰明显的昌平台、顺义台、涞水台给出了最佳回归系数。并且根据体应变受干扰的物理机制研究结果，对以上几个台进行前兆信息量提取，取得了较好的效果。     

气压、水位对榆树沟分量应变的影响特征及机制研究

应用相关性分析和小波分析方法，研究气压、水位与榆树沟分量应变之间的关系及影响机制，结果表明：(1)水位是榆树沟分量应变长周期变化的主要影响因素，尤其对分量应变EW、NE向影响较显著，表现为中高度线性负相关；2016—2018年EW向相位滞后水位约1 d, NE向相位滞后水位约8 d; 2019—2021年EW向相位滞后水位约4 d, NE向相位滞后水位约7 d;(2)气压是分量应变短周期变化的主要影响因素，EW、NW向对其响应更为灵敏，表现为中高度线性负相关；EW向与气压不存在相位滞后，NW向相位滞后气压约55 min;(3)小波分析结果显示，气压对EW分量影响的显著频段为2⁶～2⁸ min、2¹⁰～2¹⁵ min,对NW分量影响的显著频段为2⁶～2⁸ min、2¹¹～2¹⁴ min。     

中国地下水潮汐的观测研究和分析

本文简单介绍了中国地下水潮汐的观测研究情况,介绍了对承压水位潮汐机理研究的理论结果,给出了固体潮体应变、气压和海洋潮汐对承压水头影响的偏微分方程,从这些方程的简化解讨论了它们与含水层参数间的关系.并从全国选取了33口有代表性的井孔,对这些井孔的水位和气压观测资料采取反复调和分析的方法,求出了它们的水位固体潮体应变各分波的潮汐系数和位相滞后,也求出了水位气压各分波的系数和位相滞后.      

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.