黔江地震台VS型垂直摆观测资料应用初探

总结提出了提高黔江地震台VS型垂直摆观测资料分析预报可靠性的工作方法与步骤,旨在为今后地震前及时发现前兆异常提供参考。运用调和分析法、差分法分析了2016年至2017年观测数据,认为武隆5.0级地震前出现了地震前兆异常。同时,认为对黔江地震台VS型垂直摆原始观测资料按30天的步长进行计算效果较为理想。     

攀枝花地震台应变固体潮调和分析

本文采用Venedikov调和分析方法,对攀枝花地震台1989年至1990年两年的石英伸缩仪应变固体潮观测资料进行了调和分析,并根据Venediov调和分析结果,分析研究了M_2波的潮汐因子和相位滞后因子的动态变化,从中获得了与地震有关的信息,这对今后的地震分析预报具有一定前参考价值。     

JCZ-1T超宽频带地震计作为综合观测仪器的拓展应用

JCZ-1T超宽频带地震计具有全频带覆盖特性,其低频端输出延伸到固体潮汐,提出了获取稳定的低频端数据的观测条件.利用地震计LP通道连续观测数据中的垂直分向数据经过处理获得的重力资料,以及水平分向数据经过处理获得的倾斜资料做了Venedikov调和分析.对印尼8.7级大地震数据进行处理,获得地球自由振荡的功率谱密度.仪器可获取与地震事件密切相关的综合观测数据.     

一种处理钻孔应变仪观测资料的全套方法及其效果的验证

本文概略地给出了对钻孔应变仪原始观测资料进行处理的一套方法,并以河北省滦县地震台钻孔应变资料为例对每一步骤的中间数据均进行了应变固体潮调和分析的计算,从而验证每一个步骤的有效性,并最终得到了较好的调和分析结果。这一套数据处理方法的优点在于能更充分地利用全部观测资料,将非线性格值改正、频段频谱分析、气压相关分析及相关改正连成了一个整体,使该方法具有连续性、系统性和普适性。     

乾陵地震台钻孔体应变观测资料分析

选取乾陵地震台2018—2020年钻孔体应变观测资料,进行完整性、年零漂和观测资料精度分析,通过采样调和分析,评价观测数据质量,并对自然环境变化、仪器系统故障和人为干扰对观测数据的影响进行分析,探讨该台钻孔体应变观测映震能力,认为： ①乾陵地震台体应变测项运行良好,观测数据质量较高; ②降雨、气压是影响体应变观测数据的主要干扰因素; ③体应变对全球7级以上、中国6级以上地震同震响应较明显,震级越大,同震响应持续时间越长。     

泰安台YRY-2钻孔应变仪线差应变潮汐参数及其稳定性研究

介绍了泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪1991～1996年观测数据的调和分析结果．分析了潮汐参数的动态特征及其稳定性，并将有关结果与洞体水平线应变仪的（伸缩仪）观测结果进行了对比分析．泰安地震台YRY-2钻孔应变仪NS分量M2波月潮汐因子的离散中误差为3.3％，NE分量为3.6％，相位滞后的月离散误差小于2°．该指标与最好的洞室仪器SSY-Ⅱ的结果相当．     

常熟台倾斜观测资料的异常特征分析

在研究常熟台水管仪与垂直摆多年倾斜观测资料的基础上,利用潮汐因子调和分析、Nakai拟合检验、小波分析等方法对台站周边约250km范围内发生的高邮-宝应M_S 4.9及如东近海M_S 3.8等地震前的异常信息进行了提取,对数据异常分析方法进行评判,旨在为以后地震前及时发现地震提供参考。     

库尔勒地震台JCZ-1T地震计LP通道固体潮数据分析

以库尔勒地震台JCZ-1T超宽频地震计LP通道记录信息为研究对象,进行固体潮频谱分析,并采用Venedikov调和分析及Nakai拟合方法,检验固体潮信息的准确性。以日本9.0级大地震为例,对LP通道垂向数据进行功率谱密度计算,分析大地震造成的自由振荡,证明库尔勒地震台JCZ-1T地震计对超低频长周期信号具有良好的观测能力。     

岫岩MS5.4地震前烟台形变异常特征及机理分析

运用直接调和分析和速率合成方法对岫岩地震前后烟台形变观测资料进行了处理分析。结果表明,岫岩5.4级地震前,烟台地区形变观测资料出现了短临前兆异常,此次异常很可能是岫岩发震断层活动引起了相关的蓬莱-威海断裂活动,最终导致区域应力场增强的结果。     

新疆新源台固体潮潮汐因子特征浅析

采用Venedikov调和分析方法对新源台倾斜固体潮整点观测数据进行处理，得到倾斜固体潮鸩波潮汐因子变化曲线。分析其震兆异常特征，给出了新源台倾斜固体潮潮汐因子异常标准，结果发现异常与周围200km范围内的5级以上地震对应较好，具有较高的预报效能并通过了尺值评分检验。     

Contribution to the knowledge of the magmatic evolution by the study of the variation of the coefficient of viscosity

The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.     

Evolution of the Source of the Active Region of the Sun

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...     

Pictorial Series of the Manifestations of the Dynamics of the Earth

Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica -     

On the solution of the reverse problem of geodesics with the help of the chord

Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

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Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

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Address: Veveři 95, Brno.     

On the gravimetric undulations of the geoid and the deflections of the vertical

Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.     

Magnetic stratigraphy of the Ordovician in the lower reach of the Kotuy River: the age of the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum and the rate of geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the superchron

Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.     

The effect of the pollution of the ground layer of the atmosphere on the albedo

Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.     

On the maintenance of the axisymmetric part of the flow in the atmosphere

Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.     

On the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale

Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well.