塔北隆起二叠纪岩浆岩产状的地震解释及其侵位模式

塔北隆起西部发育大面积岩浆岩,岩浆岩发育产状的研究不仅对岩浆岩油气藏勘探具有重要意义,而且对塔北隆起碳酸盐岩油气藏研究具有重要意义。本文利用钻井和地震资料,提出塔北隆起二叠纪岩浆岩岩性主要为玄武岩、流纹岩、辉绿岩、正长岩、花岗岩和凝灰岩。岩浆岩发育模式与构造作用密切相关,在英买力低凸起北部地区,主要发育一条逆冲断层,地层受构造作用扰动较少,岩浆岩主要为玄武岩,通过近于垂直的通道到达地表; 英买2地区,构造挤压作用在盐上形成大量的构造裂缝,岩浆岩侵入其中,形成辉绿岩侵入体; 哈拉哈塘地区构造变形微弱,岩浆岩通过垂直的火山通道到达地表,在地表形成了一层平行分布的喷发岩; 而在塔北隆起的中部,由于受拉张作用的影响,地壳发育一定的减压熔融,形成中酸性岩浆,岩浆侵位产生了大量的中酸性侵入体和喷出岩。     

华北克拉通北缘早中生代岩体侵位与地壳变形——以盘山岩体周缘变形及年代学分析为例

克拉通边缘岩浆侵位及其相关的浅层构造变形制约,不仅是深部壳幔相互作用及区域构造应力作用的浅部响应和表现,而且是从克拉通活化发展到造山作用的物质和事件记录之一。通过对燕山东段盘山花岗岩岩体周缘构造变形特征、演化过程的研究,并结合40Ar/39Ar热年代学测试和分析,提出盘山岩体侵位前、侵位时其上覆岩层的构造演化过程:三叠纪末(210-200Ma)盘山岩体侵位前,燕山中东段受南北向挤压作用形成了近东西向的马兰峪复背斜和蓟县逆冲断裂;盘山岩体侵位于先期形成的马兰峪复背斜南翼,并侵蚀了蓟县断裂;蓟县断裂的后期再次活动截切了盘山岩体的周缘向斜。岩体及同缘构造的相互关系表明,华北克拉通北缘地区的中生代早期岩浆形成于强烈的克拉通活化后一个由挤压变形向相对平静期转化的阶段。     

拉萨地块西北部早白垩世岩浆岩地球化学特征及其对高原南部早期地壳生长的指示

青藏高原巨厚的地壳被认为是印度与欧亚大陆碰撞挤压和幔源镁铁质物质底侵共同作用的结果。青藏高原南部不仅广泛发育新生代侵入岩,同时也发育大量的中生代花岗质岩浆岩,特别是早白垩世时期岩浆作用最为发育。本次研究对拉萨地块西北部日松地区早白垩世花岗闪长岩及其细粒闪长质包体进行了岩石学、地球化学和年代学研究,结果表明,花岗闪长岩及其细粒闪长质包体具有相同的形成年龄(约106～105 Ma),它们可能为壳幔岩浆混合作用的产物。在上述研究的基础上,结合前人对拉萨地块西北部大量白垩纪中酸性岩浆岩的研究结果,运用简单的全岩微量元素比值(如(La/Yb)_N)推算地壳厚度,显示拉萨地块西北部从白垩纪早期到晚期地壳厚度有不断增加的趋势,并且指示在早白垩世很可能已经发生了明显增厚。结合区域构造演化特征,初步认为拉萨地块西北部在早白垩世时期地壳增厚方式以岩浆底侵为主,暗示青藏高原南部可能在早白垩世地壳已经开始生长,而晚白垩世地壳加厚则很可能是拉萨与羌塘地块陆-陆碰撞构造挤压的结果。     

岩浆作用与青藏高原演化

        青藏高原是我国岩浆岩最发育的地区之一,出露着从元古宇到新生代各个地质时期多种类型的火山岩与侵入岩,面 积达30万km2左右,占全区面积的10％以上。这些岩浆岩在青藏大陆动力学研究中有着重要的作用,既是探测深部的“探 针”和“窗口”,又是构造演化的记录,并形成重要的构造-岩浆-成矿带。本文拟通过岩浆作用和岩浆岩来研究青藏高原 演化的一些科学问题。（1）印度-亚洲大陆碰撞时限：印度-亚洲大陆碰撞时限是青藏高原形成演化中一个非常重要的基础 问题,也是国际上争论的一个热点,到目前为止,分歧仍然很大,从主张早于70 Ma 到34 Ma都有。本文根据来自我国西藏 南部延伸1500 km以上的主碰撞带的综合证据提出,印度-亚洲大陆碰撞开始的时间为70/65 Ma,完成的时间在40 Ma左右, 这个时期称为同碰撞期,40 Ma之后转入后碰撞期。（2）同碰撞阶段的壳-幔交换-底侵与岩浆混合作用: 南冈底斯带同碰撞 花岗岩中有着丰富的岩浆底侵作用与岩浆混合作用证据。这两种作用,是通过岩浆作用实现壳－幔间物质和能量的交换, 是两种不同而又密切相关的大陆地壳生长方式。（3） 青藏巨厚地壳的成因: 双倍于正常厚度的巨厚地壳,是青藏高原最显著 的特点之一,世界瞩目。通过对同碰撞与后碰撞火成岩的研究提出“两类地壳、两种机制”的认识,即新生地壳与再循环 地壳;构造挤压增厚机制与地幔物质注入增厚机制。（4）青藏岩石圈的组成、结构与演化：高原岩石圈地幔存在三种地球 化学端元,存在三种岩石圈结构类型,已在青藏高原多处发现地幔与下地壳岩石的地表露头及火成岩所携带的深源岩石包 体。（5）青藏高原深部物质的可能流动：青藏高原新生代碰撞-后碰撞火成活动有规律的时空迁移,以及深部地球物理探 测,都暗示碰撞引起壳幔深部物质的横向流动     

滇西马厂箐多金属矿床系列成矿的深部过程与壳幔混染成因机制

滇西地区是青藏高原东缘非常活跃的新生代陆内变形区。自晚新生代以来,由于印度-亚欧板块碰撞和青藏高原整体快速抬升,该区金沙江—哀牢山断裂(缝合)带中局部由挤压转为拉张,出现断陷盆地,并随地幔上拱和岩浆喷发,特别是富碱岩浆和地幔流体沿深大断裂带上侵及引发的构造-岩浆活动,导致大量新生代富碱侵入     

安徽铜陵狮子山矿田岩浆岩锆石SHRIMP定年及其成因意义

铜陵狮子山矿田发育大量岩浆岩,且与矿田中的铜金多金属成矿关系密切。锆石SHRIMP同位素精确定年表明,矿田中的岩浆侵位年龄在132.4～142.9Ma之间,即晚侏罗世—早白垩世,属燕山早期晚阶段。矿田岩浆岩体是在同期岩浆活动中多次侵位形成的,岩浆侵入活动可以划分为分别起始于140Ma前后和约136Ma的早晚两次。从岩浆上升侵位到冷却结晶的时间间隔均较短,但其中白芒山辉石二长闪长岩冷却史相对较长,且经历了早期深部岩浆房中的分离结晶作用和后期构造脉动、岩浆上升侵位、减压受热、早期晶体再熔蚀及冷却结晶的过程。结合主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究认为,狮子山矿田岩浆演化的后期,即起源于上地幔或下地壳的原生岩浆在同化了壳源物质并聚集到岩浆房中以后,在滞留的过程中发生了一定程度的分离结晶作用,但尚未固结,成分上显示了一定的带状分布,在区域构造应力松弛及构造事件诱发下,随机地沿发育的构造裂隙先后上升侵位,冷凝结晶。     

南岭钨锡多金属矿床成矿系列与构造岩浆侵位接触构造动力成矿专属

南岭构造岩浆带属南华大花岗岩省的主体.它是受地球纬向和经向构造在陆内交切形成的陆壳根入地幔及滨西古太平洋洋壳消减的异曲同工效应构建的多源大规模构造岩浆岩带.多源构造岩浆的形成、岩浆侵入表壳的岩浆构造动力及其侵位于围岩形成的侵入接触构造体系与一定构造岩浆、一定成矿系列的成岩成矿属性密切相关.笔者为从构造岩浆成岩及岩浆侵位构造动力形成的侵位接触构造体系普适性模式,提出强动力形成的正-近接触带构造样式可形成香花岭矿床式-柿竹园矿床式-芙蓉矿床式-黄沙坪矿床式的湘南成矿亚系列:弱主动力形成的正-近接触带构造样式可形成大吉山矿床式-西华山矿床式的赣南成矿亚系列;中强主动力形成的近-远接触构造带倒卧背斜构造样式可形成拉么矿床式-大厂矿床式的桂西北成矿亚系列.最后还提出侵入接触构造体系形成的不同构造样式仅是有利控矿场地的准备,尚需进一步研究侵位岩体的热效应与金属元素淀积的化学动力作用方能更深化认识成矿的强度和有效性.     

北京房山变质核杂岩的基本特征及其成因探讨

摘要：北京房山变质核杂岩是典型的板内变质核杂岩。由核部的结晶基底及顶部的变余糜棱岩带、固态流变的中间层和脆性剪裂的上部盖层组成三层结构。核部有强力侵位的早白垩世的房山花岗闪长岩株。地壳的韧性伸展表现于下古生界及其前的盖层岩系中,形成于印支期前,反映了强烈的区域古地热异常。印支期的南北向挤压造就了区域构造格局。燕山期的岩浆侵入使变质核杂岩定型。新生代的差异性隆升使核杂岩最终出露地表。幔源热异常、基底热隆及岩浆的强力侵位是核杂岩形成的主要因素．     

青藏高原中东部早期构造隆升对古近纪盆地充填和演化的影响

青藏高原中东部分布着一系列中小型古近纪断陷盆地和走滑-拉分盆地。印度-欧亚板块碰撞已引起盆地构造、沉积和岩浆活动等地质事件的响应。古近纪断陷盆地和走滑-拉分盆地中广泛分布的巨厚粗碎屑岩充填、新特提斯海湾消亡、大规模地壳挤压褶皱冲断和高钾岩浆活动、周缘前陆盆地形成、干旱-温暖极热事件以及古近纪盆地的封闭和裂解等。详细的野外地质调查、盆地构造-沉积学、生物地层学和岩浆岩同位素年代学研究结果表明,北部玉树-囊谦地区断陷盆地发生了大规模挤压掀斜和冲断,在盆缘形成高陡地层和挤压向斜,盆地内地层发生明显的褶皱变形。盆地内部充填了巨厚层状底砾岩、紫红色陆源碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩和石膏层,并被晚期岩浆岩所切割。南部巴塘-丽江地区形成走滑-拉分盆地。区域地层对比、细碎屑岩内孢粉和古植物、火山碎屑岩和侵入岩的U- Pb和40Ar/39Ar年代学结果表明,盆地内充填沉积物形成于始新世(56~32 Ma)。古近纪紫红色细粒沉积物、碳酸盐岩和石膏层的出现表明盆地封闭期处于干旱-炎热的古气候环境。38~32 Ma是自印度-欧亚板块陆-陆碰撞以来,青藏高原中东部从转换挤压到转换伸展的过渡阶段,出现了大规模高钾火山喷发和随后的岩浆侵入,并导致青藏高原中东部古近纪盆地的封闭和裂解。北部盆地的封闭时间(约37 Ma)早于南部盆地的裂解(约32~28 Ma)。青藏高原中东部古近纪盆地的封闭和裂解主要是自约38 Ma以来,印度-欧亚板块碰撞引起的陆壳挤压、变形和缩短,及由高原早期构造隆升诱导的逆冲挤压和走滑拉分引起的。     

青藏高原北部风火山花岗斑岩锆石U-Pb同位素测年及其地质意义

青藏高原北部风火山花岗斑岩与逆冲推覆构造存在密切关系,岩浆侵位发生在区域地质构造演化的重要历史时期。对风火山北麓花岗斑岩及暗色包体,在显微观测和矿物鉴定的基础上,通过单颗粒锆石离子探针U-Pb同位素测年,获得高精度的测年资料。测得早期岩浆锆石结晶平均年龄为(34.5±1.4) Ma,对应于岩浆源区地壳局部熔融时代;晚期岩浆锆石结晶平均年龄为(27.6±0.5)Ma,对应于岩浆向上侵入雅西错群的岩浆侵位时代。风火山北麓花岗斑岩属青藏高原北部出露的最年轻花岗岩,岩体内部不同类型锆石的U-Pb同位素测年为区域地层、区域构造和高原隆升的研究提供了重要的年代学约束。     

Study on the Gravity Field and Deep-Seated Crustal Structure at the North Margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

1.I~ductionThenorthernmarginoftheQinghai-TibetplateauincludestheAltllnMis.,theQilianMis.,KunlunMis.,theQaidambasinandthesouthernTarimbasin.ThisareaistCctonicallycharacterizedbyintensiveCenozoicdeformationwithcomplicateddeformationalmechedsm(Molnaretal.,1987;Zheng,1991;Culetal.,1994;Ding,1995andXuetal.,1996).Thedeformationalmechanismsincludethrust-napping,strike-slipping,extensionandblockrotation,aswellassimultaneousupliftingandtypicalbasin-rangetectonics(CulandXu,1996).IntermsofCenozoi…     

青藏高原东缘新生代构造层序与构造事件

新生代龙门山前盆地和盐源盆地是青藏高原东缘龙门山－锦屏山冲断带内及前缘地区发育和保存最好的新生代沉积盆地，本次以地层不整合面和ESR测年资料为主要依据，将该区新生代构造地层序列划分为5个构造层序，即TS1（65－55Ma)、TS2(40-50Ma)、TS3（23－16Ma)、TS4(4．7-1.6Ma)和TS5（0．74－0Ma)，据此将青藏高原东缘新生代构造变形和隆升事件划分为5期，其中TS1与喜马拉雅地体和拉萨地体拼合事件相关，TS2与印亚碰撞事件相关，TS3与青藏高原第一次隆升事件相关，TS4与青藏高原第二次隆升事件相关，TS5与青藏高原第三次隆升事件相关。     

青藏高原隆升机制新模式

作为创建大陆动力学理论体系的最佳野外实验室的青藏高原, 涉及当代固体地球科学前沿和热点的许多重大科学问题.迄今为止, 包括板块构造在内的众多模式不能合理地解释青藏高原重要的地质和地球物理现象.本文从下地壳与中上地壳、造山带与沉积盆地的耦合作用出发, 对青藏高原及邻区进行分尺度、分层块、分阶段的构造解析, 提出青藏高原隆升的下地壳层流构造模式, 认为青藏高原地壳增厚和构造隆升是晚新生代由于锡瓦利克盆地、塔里木盆地和四川盆地下地壳的热软化岩石大量流向青藏高原造成的.      

山东平度大庄子金矿床地质特征及成因

大庄子金矿床是产出于胶莱盆地北缘的一个新类型金矿床,金矿受盆地边缘具有顺层产出特征的平缓断裂的严格控制。金矿化主要发育在断裂内的硅化大理岩质碎裂岩和角砾岩等张性构造岩石内,以其胶结物发育黄铁矿化、硅化为特点。控矿断裂具有与胶莱盆地“同生”的性质,其成生和金矿床的形成与郯庐断裂带在中生代燕山期间构造岩浆活动及胶莱盆地的发育演化密切相关,成矿流体及成矿物质具有明显的深源性。     

MULTIPLE ISLAND ARC-BASIN SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION IN GANGDISE TECTONIC BELT,TIBET

MULTIPLE ISLAND ARC-BASIN SYSTEM AND ITS EVOLUTION IN GANGDISE TECTONIC BELT,TIBET     

大陆下地壳流动:渠流还是层流?

大量的地质、地球物理、地球化学、实验和模拟资料证明大陆岩石圈存在壳内流层,目前创建了渠流和层流两种假说来解释大陆下地壳的流动规律和流动机理。渠流模式是指厚地壳、高地势的造山带或高原中、下地壳低粘度物质在地貌负荷的侧向压力梯度或剥蚀作用驱动下从山根向外侧向扩张。笔者在研究青藏高原的基础上于1992年提出的层流模式是指在大陆边缘俯冲板片脱水熔融和大陆内部地幔柱(枝)底辟上隆的热动力及其相关的重力驱动下的盆山地壳物质循环系统,盆地热软化下地壳物质在重力作用下顺层流向相邻的山根,盆地地壳减薄,造山带地壳加厚,加厚的下地壳部分熔融物质带动深层变质岩向上运动,热-重力派生的垂直主应力形成热隆伸展的变质核杂岩和低角度拆离断层,隆升的山体在重力势能作用下侧向扩张,盆山边界形成逆冲推覆和滑覆构造,同时遭受强烈的剥蚀作用,造山带源粗碎屑沉积物快速堆积在盆缘受下地壳拖曳的壳内有限俯冲坳陷带内。渠流构造和层流构造在大陆板内变形、中下地壳韧性挤出、造山带的挤压和伸展同步转换、中深变质岩的韧性变形及剥露过程、部分熔融及岩浆活动等方面存在相似之处,但是,在发育背景、产出部位、流层边界、流层规模、流动型式、流动体制、流动方向、流动物质、流动效应、流动时间、驱动力等方面存在本质的差异。渠流构造基本上可作为层流构造时空结构中的一个组成部分,层流的驱动力是热能和重力,而不是地表剥蚀作用和山体负荷作用。从全球角度来看,层流只是地球多级物质循环流动系统的一个组成部分。     

Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Regions,Central China

The Longmen Shan region includes, from west to east, the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern part of the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt. In the northeast, it merges with the Micang Shan, a part of the Qinling Mountains. The Longmen Shan region can be divided into two major tectonic elements: (1) an autochthon/parautochthon, which underlies the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau, the Sichuan Basin, and the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt; and (2) a complex allochthon, which underlies the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau. The allochthon was emplaced toward the southeast during Late Triassic time, and it and the western part of the autochthon/parautochthon were modified by Cenozoic deformation.

The autochthon/parautochthon was formed from the western part of the Yangtze platform and consists of a Proterozoic basement covered by a thin, incomplete succession of Late Proterozoic to Middle Triassic shallow-marine and nonmarine sedimentary rocks interrupted by Permian extension and basic magmatism in the southwest. The platform is bounded by continental margins that formed in Silurian time to the west and in Late Proterozoic time to the north. Within the southwestern part of the platform is the narrow N-trending Kungdian high, a paleogeographic unit that was positive during part of Paleozoic time and whose crest is characterized by nonmarine Upper Triassic rocks unconformably overlying Proterozoic basement.

In the western part of the Longmen Shan region, the allochthon is composed mainly of a very thick succession of strongly folded Middle and Upper Triassic Songpan Ganzi flysch. Along the eastern side and at the base of the allochthon, pre-Upper Triassic rocks crop out, forming the only exposures of the western margin of the Yangtze platform. Here, Upper Proterozoic to Ordovician, mainly shallow-marine rocks unconformably overlie Yangtze-type Proterozic basement rocks, but in Silurian time a thick section of fine-grained clastic and carbonate rocks were deposited, marking the initial subsidence of the western Yangtze platform and formation of a continental margin. Similar deep-water rocks were deposited throughout Devonian to Middle Triassic time, when Songpan Ganzi flysch deposition began. Permian conglomerate and basic volcanic rocks in the southeastern part of the allochthon indicate a second period of extension along the continental margin. Evidence suggests that the deep-water region along and west of the Yangtze continental margin was underlain mostly by thin continental crust, but its westernmost part may have contained areas underlain by oceanic crust. In the northern part of the Longmen Shan allochthon, thick Devonian to Upper Triassic shallow-water deposits of the Xue Shan platform are flanked by deep-marine rocks and the platform is interpreted to be a fragment of the Qinling continental margin transported westward during early Mesozoic transpressive tectonism.

In the Longmen Shan region, the allochthon, carrying the western part of the Yangtze continental margin and Songpan Ganzi flysch, was emplaced to the southeast above rocks of the Yangtze platform autochthon. The eastern margin of the allochthon in the northern Longmen Shan is unconformably overlapped by both Lower and Middle Jurassic strata that are continuous with rocks of the autochthon. Folded rocks of the allochthon are unconformably overlapped by Lower and Middle Jurassic rocks in rare outcrops in the northern part of the region. They also are extensively intruded by a poorly dated, generally undeformed belt, of plutons whose ages (mostly K/Ar ages) range from Late Triassic to early Cenozoic, but most of the reliable ages are early Mesozoic. All evidence indicates that the major deformation within the allochthon is Late Triassic/Early Jurassic in age (Indosinian). The eastern front of the allochthon trends southwest across the present mountain front, so it lies along the mountain front in the northeast, but is located well to the west of the present mountain front on the south.

The Late Triassic deformation is characterized by upright to overturned folded and refolded Triassic flysch, with generally NW-trending axial traces in the western part of the region. Folds and thrust faults curve to the north when traced to the east, so that along the eastern front of the allochthon structures trend northeast, involve pre-Triassic rocks, and parallel the eastern boundary of the allochthon. The curvature of structural trends is interpreted as forming part of a left-lateral transpressive boundary developed during emplacement of the allochthon. Regionally, the Longmen Shan lies along a NE-trending transpressive margin of the Yangtze platform within a broad zone of generally N-S shortening. North of the Longmen Shan region, northward subduction led to collision of the South and North China continental fragments along the Qinling Mountains, but northwest of the Longmen Shan region, subduction led to shortening within the Songpan Ganzi flysch basin, forming a detached fold-and-thrust belt. South of the Longmen Shan region, the flysch basin is bounded by the Shaluli Shan/Chola Shan arc—an originally Sfacing arc that reversed polarity in Late Triassic time, leading to shortening along the southern margin of the Songpan Ganzi flysch belt. Shortening within the flysch belt was oblique to the Yangtze continental margin such that the allochthon in the Longmen Shan region was emplaced within a left-lateral transpressive environment. Possible clockwise rotation of the Yangtze platform (part of the South China continental fragment) also may have contributed to left-lateral transpression with SE-directed shortening. During left-lateral transpression, the Xue Shan platform was displaced southwestward from the Qinling orogen and incorporated into the Longmen Shan allochthon. Westward movement of the platform caused complex refolding in the northern part of the Longmen Shan region.

Emplacement of the allochthon flexurally loaded the western part of the Yangtze platform autochthon, forming a Late Triassic foredeep. Foredeep deposition, often involving thick conglomerate units derived from the west, continued from Middle Jurassic into Cretaceous time, although evidence for deformation of this age in the allochthon is generally lacking.

Folding in the eastern Sichuan fold-and-thrust belt along the eastern side of the Sichuan Basin can be dated as Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous in age, but only in areas 100 km east of the westernmost folds. Folding and thrusting was related to convergent activity far to the east along the eastern margin of South China. The westernmost folds trend southwest and merge to the south with folds and locally form refolded folds that involve Upper Cretaceous and lower Cenozoic rocks. The boundary between Cenozoic and late Mesozoic folding on the eastern and southern margins of the Sichuan Basin remains poorly determined.

The present mountainous eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in the Longmen Shan region is a consequence of Cenozoic deformation. It rises within 100 km from 500–600 m in the Sichuan Basin to peaks in the west reaching 5500 m and 7500 m in the north and south, respectively. West of these high peaks is the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, an area of low relief at an elevations of about 4000 m.

Cenozoic deformation can be demonstrated in the autochthon of the southern Longmen Shan, where the stratigraphic sequence is without an angular unconformity from Paleozoic to Eocene or Oligocene time. During Cenozoic deformation, the western part of the Yangtze platform (part of the autochthon for Late Triassic deformation) was deformed into a N- to NE-trending foldandthrust belt. In its eastern part the fold-thrust belt is detached near the base of the platform succession and affects rocks within and along the western and southern margin of the Sichuan Basin, but to the west and south the detachment is within Proterozoic basement rocks. The westernmost structures of the fold-thrust belt form a belt of exposed basement massifs. During the middle and later part of the Cenozoic deformation, strike-slip faulting became important; the fold-thrust belt became partly right-lateral transpressive in the central and northeastern Longmen Shan. The southern part of the fold-thrust belt has a more complex evolution. Early Nto NE-trending folds and thrust faults are deformed by NW-trending basementinvolved folds and thrust faults that intersect with the NE-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults. Youngest structures in this southern area are dominated by left-lateral transpression related to movement on the Xianshuihe fault system.

The extent of Cenozoic deformation within the area underlain by the early Mesozoic allochthon remains unknown, because of the absence of rocks of the appropriate age to date Cenozoic deformation. Klippen of the allochthon were emplaced above the Cenozoic fold-andthrust belt in the central part of the eastern Longmen Shan, indicating that the allochthon was at least partly reactivated during Cenozoic time. Only in the Min Shan in the northern part of the allochthon is Cenozoic deformation demonstrated along two active zones of E-W shortening and associated left-slip. These structures trend obliquely across early Mesozoic structures and are probably related to shortening transferred from a major zone of active left-slip faulting that trends through the western Qinling Mountains. Active deformation is along the left-slip transpressive NW-trending Xianshuihe fault zone in the south, right-slip transpression along several major NE-trending faults in the central and northeastern Longmen Shan, and E-W shortening with minor left-slip movement along the Min Jiang and Huya fault zones in the north.

Our estimates of Cenozoic shortening along the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau appear to be inadequate to account for the thick crust and high elevation of the plateau. We suggest here that the thick crust and high elevation is caused by lateral flow of the middle and lower crust eastward from the central part of the plateau and only minor crustal shortening in the upper crust. Upper crustal structure is largely controlled in the Longmen Shan region by older crustal anisotropics; thus shortening and eastward movement of upper crustal material is characterized by irregular deformation localized along older structural boundaries.     

英吉苏凹陷中─新生代背驮式前陆盆地构造特征及成因机制

英吉苏中新生代凹陷是在古生代逆冲推覆构造背景之上发育起来的背驮式前陆盆地。盆地的沉积作用和变形作用严格受基底参与的逆冲断层的控制。中新生代构造由北向南可划分七个带：北部斜坡带；群克─新开屏背斜带；英北向斜带；阿拉干背斜带；英南向斜带；古城墟斜坡带和罗布庄断凸带。叠瓦式逆冲断层、冲起构造、构造三角带、断展褶皱和披覆构造是英吉苏凹陷的主要变形样式。自三叠纪以来，不同时期的沉积中心自造山带向前陆方向迁移。 中新生界变形的动力学和运动学是与塔里木板块南缘活动大陆边缘的板块拼贴事件和壳内拆离缩短作用有关。     

二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩Ar-Ar年代、地球化学及构造背景

中国东北二连盆地周缘分布有三组时代不同的晚中生代火山岩,其中早、中期为两套地球化学性质不同的流纹岩,晚期为玄武质火山岩。本文通过测定火山岩基质Ar-Ar同位素年龄,表明早期查干诺尔组流纹岩形成于142Ma,晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩形成于129Ma,可见二连盆地北缘晚中生代火山岩时代均为早白垩世。通过对主、微量元素地球化学特征和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成研究,以及与邻区同期满克头鄂博组英安岩和流纹岩、玛尼吐组英安岩、霍林河地区查干诺尔组英安岩、流纹岩对比,认为早期查干诺尔组流纹岩来源于新成下地壳,岩浆演化过程经历了强烈分异作用;中期流纹岩源区为中上地壳或下地壳岩浆经历了上地壳强烈同化混染作用;晚期不拉根哈达组基性火山岩则源于受俯冲洋壳流体交代的富集岩石圈地幔。结合早白垩世区域岩石圈减薄背景,本文认为研究区早白垩世火山岩形成于陆内伸展构造环境。     

Accretion of juvenile crust at the Early Palaeozoic Antarctic margin of Gondwana: geochemical and geochronological evidence from granulite xenoliths

Geodynamic models for the Antarctic sector of the active Early Palaeozoic Palaeo-Pacific margin of Gondwana are based on the nature and age of the deep crust of the Robertson Bay terrane, the outermost lithotectonic unit of the margin. As this crustal block is covered with thick turbidite deposits, the only way to probe the deep crust is through the analysis of granulite xenoliths from Cenozoic scoria cones. Low-K felsic xenoliths yield the oldest (Middle Cambrian) laser-probe U–Pb ages on zircon areas with igneous growth zoning. This finding, along with the positive whole-rock ε_Nd(500Ma), suggests that these felsic rocks derived from a juvenile magma formed during the Early Palaeozoic Ross orogenic cycle. Mafic xenoliths have geochemical-isotopic compositions similar to those of modern primitive island arcs, suggesting the involvement of subducted oceanic crust in their magma genesis and accretion of juvenile crust at the Antarctic margin of Gondwana.