夏季青藏高原东南部水汽收支气候特征及其影响

采用1961—2005年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 研究了夏季青藏高原东南部水汽收支的气候特征及其影响效应。结果表明:夏季青藏高原东南部总体上是一个水汽汇区, 平均总收入为39.9×106 kg/s。东亚夏季风的建立、推进对青藏高原东南部的水汽输入有重要影响, 而青藏高原东南部的水汽输出则与夏季我国东部雨带的推进过程密切相关。该区对周边地区的水汽收支有重要影响, 是向我国西北地区东部、长江中下游地区输送水汽的重要通道, 青藏高原东南部的水汽“转运站”效应是长江中下游流域洪涝和北方夏季干旱异常的关键因子之一。青藏高原东南部东、北边界夏季水汽收支均具有准两年周期振荡特征, 并分别与长江中下游、西北地区东部夏季降水的准两年振荡特征具有一定的联系。     

Moisture Transport in the Asian Summer Monsoon Region and Its Relationship with Summer Precipitation in China

The characteristics of moisture transport over the Asian summer monsoon region and its relationship with summer precipitation in China are examined by a variety of statistical methods using the NCEP/NC AR reanalysis data for 1948-2005.The results show that:1) The zonal-mean moisture transport in the Asian monsoon region is unique because of monsoon activities.The Asian summer monsoon region is a dominant moisture sink during summer.Both the Indian and East Asian monsoon areas have their convergence cente...     

华北雨季降水年代际变化与水汽输送的联系

本文基于1961～2018年华北地区均一化逐日降水资料和ECMWF（欧洲中期天气预报中心）ERA5全球再分析环流资料,采用一种综合考虑降水量和西太平洋副热带高压脊线影响的雨季监测标准,计算了华北雨季起讫日期和降水量,在此基础上讨论了华北雨季季节内进程的水汽输送特征。重点分析了降水量与水汽收支的年代际变化关系,揭示了水汽输送的时空变化规律及其对华北雨季降水的影响。研究结果表明:（1）华北雨季每年的起讫日期不同,从而每年雨季发生时段和季节内进程不同。（2）降水的形成与水汽输送及其辐合密切相关,有四个水汽通道维持华北雨季降水,即印度季风水汽、东亚季风水汽、110°E～120°E之间越赤道气流向北的水汽输送和40°N附近中纬度西风带水汽。（3）华北雨季降水和净水汽收支具有相似的年代际变化特征,分别在1977、1987、1999年发生突变,总体呈现“减—增—减”的阶段性变化趋势,两者位相转变相关性很强。（4）水汽输送的强弱和到达华北时间的早晚均对雨季降水多寡有重要影响。华北多雨年代与少雨年代水汽通量有明显的差异,主要表现在:在多雨年代,西北太平洋为反气旋式环流异常,偏南水汽强盛,并且与中高纬西风带异常偏西水汽汇聚于华北,华北地区水汽辐合偏强;考虑季节内进程,水汽到达华北的时间早、强度大,停留时间长、辐合强,减弱的时间晚;而在少雨年代,我国东北地区、朝鲜半岛及日本海附近为气旋式环流异常,华北地区由南向北的水汽输送偏弱,水汽辐散明显加强;季节内进程表现出与多雨年代相反的特征。（5）考虑华北地区四个边界的水汽收支,南边界和西边界有最大、次大水汽输入,二者的年代际变化是影响雨季降水年代际变化的重要因素。在多雨年代,南边界和西边界水汽净输入很强,但北边界的输出也很强;在少雨年代,南边界和西边界水汽净输入很弱,但北边界转为输入,这是区别于多雨年代的重要特征。     

近50年来中国夏季降水及水汽输送特征研究

利用1951-2006年中国448站夏季降水资料、NCEP/NCAR VersionⅠ的再分析资料,研究了近50年来中国夏季降水年代际变化特征及其分区,并从季风性水汽输送的变化角度出发,讨论了影响中国一些主要地区降水变化的可能机制.研究发现:(1)从总体上来说,自1951年至今,中国夏季降水存在3个突变时段,即1956-1960年,1980年前后以及1993年以后.且90°E以东突变后的主要变化特征都是多雨区由北向南传播,而90°E以西则是多雨区由南向北传播;2)近56年来就110°E以东的中国东部夏季降水而言,1980年以后多雨区由华北南移到长江中下游,又于1993年以后由长江中下游继续南移至华南;3)中国东部各地区降水和850 hpa风场、整层水汽输送场的相关分布一致表明,中国110°E以东各降水区以南为来自偏东偏南的季风性异常水汽输送,而以北为来自偏北风和相应的异常水汽输送,两者在降水区汇合造成风和水汽输送异常辐合.因而,西太平洋副热带高压南侧的东南季风及其异常水汽输送、北方冷槽的偏北风及其异常水汽输送是中国东部夏季降水异常的主要成员,这和一般认为的这些地区降水异常来自孟加拉湾的季风性异常水汽输送的观点不同,需要作进一步研究.总之,对于中国东部旱涝的形成,应该重点注意来自西北太平洋副热带高压西侧的直接或间接经南海到达的异常四南季风性水汽输送.     

A modeling study of the influence of initial soil moisture on summer precipitation during the East Asian summer monsoon

The state-of-the-art WRF model is used to investigate the impact of the antecedent soil moisture on subsequent summer precipitation during the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) period. The control experiment with realistic soil moisture condition can well reproduce the seasonal pattern from low- to high- atmosphere, as well as the spatial distribution of precipitation belt in East China. Compared with the control experiment, the sensitivity experiment in which the initial soil moisture is reduced generates more precipitation along the East China Sea, and less rainfall over both Central and South China. This suggests that the effect of initial soil moisture on monsoonal precipitation in East China is regionally dependent. The influence on precipitation is mostly attributed to the change in precipitation from mid July to late August. The initial soil moisture condition plays a role in changing the seasonal pattern and atmospheric circulation due to the weak heating and geopotential gradient, leading to a reduction in southeasterly flow and moisture flux from South China Sea. The changes between DRY and CTL runs result in reduced southerly wind over the ocean (south of ˜25 °N) and enhanced northerly wind over the land (north of ∼25 °N). The temperature and associated circulation changes due to drier initial soil moisture anomaly result in reduced southerly winds over East China, and therefore a weakened EASM system. The averaged moisture flux decreases significantly over Central China but increases along the East China Sea. In addition, the drier soil moisture perturbation exerts an effect on suppressing (enhancing) vertical velocity over Central China (along the East China Sea), thus leading to more (less) cloud water and rain water. Therefore, the influence of soil moisture exerts an opposite impact on surface precipitation between these two regions, with more and less accumulation rainfall in Central China and along the East China Sea, respectively.     

中高纬瞬变涡旋活动对我国东部夏季降水的影响

基于1981—2020年日本气象厅(Japanese Meteorological Agency,JMA)再分析资料JRA-55(Japanese 55-year Reanalysis)以及美国国家气候中心(Climate Prediction Center,CPC)卫星降水资料,分析了瞬变涡旋活动特征及其对我国东部夏季降水异常的影响,并对其可能机制展开讨论。研究表明,蒙古国至我国东北和华北地区既是瞬变涡旋活动的活跃区域,也是其输送的大值区域,其中瞬变涡旋对热量和水汽的经向输送占主导地位,是中高纬热量和水汽的重要来源。根据瞬变涡旋经向热量和水汽输送变率的强度确定了瞬变热量和水汽输送的关键区域,分别为(45°~60°N,100°~130°E)和(35°~50°N,100°~120°E),并定义了瞬变热量和水汽指数,其与我国东部夏季降水异常的回归结果表明,瞬变涡旋活动对我国东部夏季降水存在显著影响。中高纬天气尺度瞬变涡旋对热量、水汽和动量的输送异常,通过波流相互作用过程,对平均流形成了反馈,导致季节平均环流、水汽分布和水汽输送的异常,从而在热力、动力和水汽条件的共同作用下引起降水异常。     

The impacts of moisture transport of East Asian monsoon on summer precipitation in Northeast China

By using the ECMWF reanalysis daily data and daily precipitation data of 80 stations in Northeast China from 1961 to 2002, the impacts of moisture transport of East Asian summer monsoon on the summer precipitation anomaly in Northeast China, and the relationship between the variation of moisture budget and the establishment of East Asian summer monsoon in this region are studied. The results demonstrate that the moisture of summer precipitation in Northeast China mainly originates from subtropical, South China Sea, and South Asia monsoon areas. East China and its near coastal area are the convergent region of the monsoonal moisture currents and the transfer station for the currents continually moving northward. The monsoonal moisture transport, as an important link or bridge, connects the interaction between middle and low latitude systems. In summer half year, there is a moisture sink in Northeast China where the moisture influx is greater than outflux. The advance transport and accumulation of moisture are of special importance to pentad time scale summer precipitation. The onset, retreat, and intensity change of the monsoonal rainy season over Northeast China are mainly signified by the moisture input condition along the southern border of this area. The establishment of East Asian summer monsoon in this area ranges from about 10 July to 20 August and the onset in the west is earlier than that in the east. The latitude that the monsoon can reach is gradually northward from west to east, reaching 50°N within longitude 120°-135°E. In summer, the difference of air mass transport between summers with high and low rainfall mainly lies in whether more air masses originating from lower latitudes move northward through East China and its coastal areas, consequently transporting large amounts of hot and humid air into Northeast China.     

基于拉格朗日方法的中国东部雨季水汽输送垂直特征

利用基于拉格朗日轨迹追踪模式（HYSPLIT）,结合区域源汇归属法,追踪1961～2010年中国东部地区雨带推进过程中各雨季后向轨迹,定量确定各雨季不同垂直层上的水汽输送路径与水汽贡献。结果表明在南海夏季风爆发前的华南前汛期,低层最主要水汽通道为太平洋通道,轨迹占比达到52.3%,中高层最主要的水汽通道为印度洋通道,占比超过37%;水汽主要源自低层的西太平洋和中国东部地区,水汽贡献均在20%以上。南海季风爆发后的华南前汛期,低层到高层最强水汽通道均为印度洋通道,特别是中层,轨迹数量达到了65.6%;印度洋源地的贡献明显增加,中高层水汽主要源自印度洋,低层最主要的水汽源地为中国东部和南海。江淮梅雨时低层最主要通道为太平洋通道,中高层最主要通道为印度洋通道,相比华南前汛期,在中高层印度洋通道减弱,而西风通道增强。华北雨季中,低层最主要水汽通道为太平洋通道,而中高层最主要的水汽通道为欧亚大陆中纬西风通道。江淮梅雨和华北雨季中,最主要的源地为中低层的中国东部地区和西太平洋地区,特别是华北雨季中,来自中国东部局地低层的水汽达到了43.1%,表明低层局地蒸发对华北雨季降水起到至关重要的作用。     

CMIP6模式对中国东部地区水循环的模拟能力评估

本文基于观测和再分析资料,采用Brubaker二元模型评估了第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）中19个模式对中国东部季风区气候态水循环过程的模拟能力,并分析了模拟误差来源。结果表明,CMIP6模式集合平均（MME）能够合理再现观测降水和蒸发的年平均气候态空间分布及年循环特征,与观测值的空间相关系数分别为0.92和0.87。较之观测,MME高估了华北地区降水（0.55 mm d?1）,低估了华南沿海地区降水（?0.3 mm d?1）。所有CMIP6模式均高估蒸发强度（偏差0.03～0.98 mm d?1）,使得模拟的降水与蒸发之差偏少。模式整体能够模拟出我国东部季风区降水再循环率及不同边界水汽来源的贡献率,但低估了由南边界进入季风区的水汽贡献,导致东亚季风区偏干。通过分析模式对影响水汽通量的两个气象要素（风速和大气比湿）的模拟能力,发现研究区南边界的风速大小决定了模式间水汽输送差异。南边界风速越大的模式,由南边界进入的水汽通量越大,模式模拟的降水越多。西北太平洋辐合带的东西位置是影响南边界南风速的重要系统之一,辐合带位置偏东的模式模拟的南风强度较弱,使得水汽输送偏弱、降水偏少;反之,南边界水汽输送偏强、降水偏多。本文通过评估最新一代CMIP6模式在东亚水循环方面的模拟性能,指出了当前气候模式在模拟西太平洋辐合带位置方面存在的偏差及其对东亚水循环的影响。     

Regional-scale relationships between aerosol and summer monsoon circulation, and precipitation over northeast Asia

We investigated the regional-scale relationships between columnar aerosol loads and summer monsoon circulation, and also the precipitation over northeast Asia using aerosol optical depth (AOD) data obtained from the 8-year MODIS, AERONET Sun/sky radiometer, and precipitation data acquired under the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). These high-quality data revealed the regional-scale link between AOD and summer monsoon circulation, precipitation in July over northeast Asian countries, and their distinct spatial and annual variabilities. Compared to the mean AOD for the entire period of 2001–2008, the increase of almost 40–50% in the AOD value in July 2005 and July 2007 was found over the downwind regions of China (Yellow Sea, Korean peninsula, and East Sea), with negative precipitation anomalies. This can be attributable to the strong westerly confluent flows, between cyclone flows by continental thermal low centered over the northern China and anticyclonic flows by the western North Pacific High, which transport anthropogenic pollution aerosols emitted from east China to aforementioned downwind high AOD regions along the rim of the Pacific marine airmass. In July 2002, however, the easterly flows transported anthropogenic aerosols from east China to the southwestern part of China in July 2002. As a result, the AOD off the coast of China was dramatically reduced in spite of decreasing rainfall. From the calculation of the cross-correlation coefficient between MODIS-derived AOD anomalies and GPCP precipitation anomalies in July over the period 2001–2008, we found negative correlations over the areas encompassed by 105–115°E and 30–35°N and by 120–140°E and 35–40°N (Yellow Sea, Korean peninsula, and East Sea). This suggests that aerosol loads over these regions are easily influenced by the Asian monsoon flow system and associated precipitation.     

Modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation on the summer precipitation over East China: a comparison of observations to 600-years control run of Bergen Climate Model

Observations show that the summer precipitation over East China often goes through decadal variations of opposite sign over North China and the Yangtze River valley (YRV), such as the “southern flood and northern drought” pattern that occurred during the late 1970s–1990s. In this study it is shown that a modulation of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the summer precipitation pattern over East China during the last century is partly responsible for this characteristic precipitation pattern. During positive PDO phases, the warm winter sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the eastern subtropical Pacific along the western coast of North American propagate to the tropics in the following summer due to weakened oceanic meridional circulation and the existence of a coupled wind–evaporation–SST feedback mechanism, resulting in a warming in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean (5°N–20°N, 160°W–120°W) in summer. This in turn causes a zonal anomalous circulation over the subtropical–tropical Pacific Ocean that induces a strengthened western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and thus more moisture over the YRV region. The end result of these events is that the summer precipitation is increased over the YRV region while it is decreased over North China. The suggested mechanism is found both in the observations and in a 600-years fully coupled pre-industrial multi-century control simulations with Bergen Climate Model. The intensification of the WPSH due to the warming in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean was also examined in idealized SSTA-forced AGCM experiments.     

中国东部夏季极端降水事件及大气环流异常分析

主要利用1961~2014年中国东部地区438个台站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料,从大气内部动力角度对夏季不同极端降水情况下的环境场进行分析,结果表明:对长江中下游地区而言,在极端降水频次偏多年时,850 hPa风场及整层水汽输送距平场均表明东亚夏季风偏弱,有利于更多的水汽输送到长江中下游地区,500 hPa鄂霍次克海阻塞高压持续日数偏多,有利于冷空气南下,200 hPa东亚副热带急流偏南,且30°N以南偏西风异常有利于辐散,而在斜压波包从西北东南向传播为极端降水事件分发生集聚了能量;对华北地区极端降水频次偏多年而言,850 hPa风场及整层的水汽输送距平场均表明东亚夏季风偏强,有利于更多的水汽输送到华北地区,500 hPa高度距平场日本海正距平,贝加尔湖蒙古地区为负距平,华北地区东高西低,200 hPa东亚副热带急流偏北,从而导致我国华北地区极端降水频次偏多,能量传播也为西北东南向。这些结果表明极端降水的变化,与大气内部的动力作用和能量的传播有密切的关系。     

季风湿润区夏季水汽收支的年代际变化特征

采用1983—2002年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国660站降水资料,对我国东部季风湿润区夏季水汽收支变化与大气环流和我国降水异常特征的关系进行研究。结果表明:20世纪80—90年代夏季水汽收支时间序列表现出明显的年代际变化增加趋势,与降水时间序列的相关系数为0.71;水汽收支高值、低值年代不仅能够指示季风湿润区经向风的异常变化,还能够指示东亚夏季风的强弱和降水异常变化。合成的水汽输送年代际异常在东亚—西太平洋区表现为4个异常环流,异常水汽通量辐合区位于长江流域及以南地区。水汽收支高值年代,亚洲大陆高纬度地区低压偏弱,大陆表面温度及西太平洋海温偏高,我国东部沿海盛行异常偏南风,低层气流辐合、高层气流辐散强,垂直上升运动强烈;低值年代则相反。合成的经向水汽收支占总收支的71.3%,合成的异常降水量最大达100 mm以上。     

Spring Arctic Oscillation-East Asian summer monsoon connection through circulation changes over the western North Pacific

In the present study the links between spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) was investigated with focus on the importance of the North Pacific atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperature (SST). To reduce the statistical uncertainty, we analyzed high-pass filtered data with the inter-annual time scales, and excluded the El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation signals in the climate fields using a linear fitting method. The significant relationship between spring AO and EASM are supported by the changes of multi-monsoon components, including monsoon indices, precipitation, and three-dimensional atmospheric circulations. Following a stronger positive spring AO, an anomalous cyclonic circulation at 850?hPa appears in southeastern Asia and the western North Pacific in summer, with the easterly anomalies spanning from the Pacific to Asian continent along 25°N?C30°N and the westerly anomalies south of 15°N. At the same time, the summer western North Pacific subtropical high becomes weaker. Consistently, the positive precipitation anomalies are developed over a broad region south of 30°N stretching from southern China to the western Pacific and the negative precipitation anomalies appear in the lower valley of the Yangtze River and southern Japan. The anomalous cyclone in the western North Pacific persisting from spring to summer plays a key role in modulating EASM and monsoon precipitation by a positive air-sea feedback mechanism. During spring the AO-associated atmospheric circulation change produces warmer SSTs between 150°E?C180° near the equator. The anomalous sensible and latent heating, in turn, intensifies the cyclone through a Gill-type response of the atmosphere. Through this positive feedback, the tropical atmosphere and SST patterns sustain their strength from spring to summer, that consequently modifies the monsoon trough and the western North Pacific subtropical high and eventually the EASM precipitation. Moreover, the SST response to AO-circulation is supported by the numerical simulations of an ocean model, and the anomalous atmospheric circulation over the western North Pacific is also reproduced by the dedicated numerical simulations using the coupled atmosphere?Cocean model. The observation evidence and numerical simulations suggest the spring AO can impact the EASM via triggering tropical air-sea feedback over the western North Pacific.     

中纬度瞬变涡旋活动对东亚夏季平均环流和降水的影响

首先利用CFSR再分析数据,分析了东亚夏季平均环流结构及瞬变涡旋活动特征,再通过WRF模式设计控制性试验和敏感性试验分别模拟受到/不受到来自北边界中纬度瞬变涡旋活动影响的东亚夏季环流和降水,通过两组试验对比揭示了瞬变涡旋活动对东亚夏季平均环流和降水的贡献.结果 表明,中纬度瞬变涡旋活动可以通过系统性的输送动量、热量、水...     

中纬度阻塞高压指数与华北夏季降水的联系

利用500hPa高度场资料计算了亚洲中纬度3个区域(鄂霍次克海区、贝加尔湖区、乌拉尔山区)阻塞高压指数，通过相关分析、合成分析研究了阻塞高压指数与华北夏季降水之间的联系。结果表明3个区域阻塞高压指数均具有明显的年代际变化，并且与华北夏季降水在年代际尺度上关系密切，相关系数分别为-0．4622、-0．6763、-0．6713。在阻塞高压的频发期，中纬度西风在东亚地区发生分支，分别形成极锋和副热带锋区，东亚夏季风偏弱，西太平洋副热带高压位置偏南，我国夏季雨带位置偏南，造成华北夏季干旱；而在阻塞高压的少发期则相反。     

Spatial Patterns of Precipitation Anomalies for 30-yr Warm Periods in China During the Past 2000 Years

The spatial patterns of precipitation anomalies during five 30-yr warm periods of 691-720, 1231-1260, 1741-1770, 1921-1950, and 1981-2000 were investigated using a dryness/wetness grading dataset covering 48 stations from Chinese historical documents and 22 precipitation proxy series from natural archives. It was found that the North China Plain (approximately 35 -40 N, east of 105 E) was dry in four warm periods within the centennial warm epochs of 600-750, the Medieval Warm Period (about 900-1300) and after 1900. A wet condition prevailed over most of China during 1741-1770, a 30-yr warm peak that occurred during the Little Ice Age (about 1650-1850). The spatial pattern of the precipitation anomaly in 1981-2000 over East China (25 -40 N, east of 105 E) is roughly consistent with that in 1231-1260, but a difference in the precipitation anomaly appeared over the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial patterns of the precipitation anomalies over China varied between all five 30-yr warm periods, which implies that the matching pattern between temperature and precipitation change is multiform, and the precipitation anomaly could be positive or negative when a decadal warm climate occurs in different climate epochs. This result may provide a primary reference for the mechanism detection and climate simulation of the precipitation anomaly of the future warm climate.     

华北近60年夏季降水年际异常与大气动力、水汽条件关系的研究

本文基于华北夏季降水数据、NCEP/NCAR再分析环流数据,采用了相关、合成和环流异常回归重构等方法,分析了东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数与华北夏季降水的关系。主要结果如下：1）东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数与华北夏季降水有很好的对应关系。当两个指数偏强时,华北夏季降水会异常偏多;两个指数偏弱,华北夏季降水异常偏少;如果两个指数强弱不一致时,华北会出现区域性降水偏多情况,但全区整体降水量基本为正常值。2）华北夏季降水异常是东亚副热带夏季风和华北大气动力上升运动协同作用的结果。在东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升指数偏强年,夏季500hPa层贝加尔湖槽会加深、西北太平洋副热带高压会偏北,华北处于“东高西低”的环流型控制下,西部低槽东移受阻,在华北维持较长时间的大气上升运动;850hPa层印度夏季风、东亚副热带夏季风会偏强,这时热带印度洋西风水汽输送以及东亚副热带地区偏南风水汽输送或东南风水汽输送会加强,华北水汽来源充足。这种高、低空环流配置非常有利于造成华北夏季降水异常偏多。反之,华北夏季降水会异常偏少。3）前期4—5月,东亚副热带夏季风指数、华北大气动力上升...     

Validating a regional climate model’s downscaling ability for East Asian summer monsoonal interannual variability

Performance of a regional climate model (RCM), WRF, for downscaling East Asian summer season climate is investigated based on 11-summer integrations associated with different climate conditions with reanalysis data as the lateral boundary conditions. It is found that while the RCM is essentially unable to improve large-scale circulation patterns in the upper troposphere for most years, it is able to simulate better lower-level meridional moisture transport in the East Asian summer monsoon. For precipitation downscaling, the RCM produces more realistic magnitude of the interannual variation in most areas of East Asia than that in the reanalysis. Furthermore, the RCM significantly improves the spatial pattern of summer rainfall over dry inland areas and mountainous areas, such as Mongolia and the Tibetan Plateau. Meanwhile, it reduces the wet bias over southeast China. Over Mongolia, however, the performance of precipitation downscaling strongly depends on the year: the WRF is skillful for normal and wet years, but not for dry years, which suggests that land surface processes play an important role in downscaling ability. Over the dry area of North China, the WRF shows the worst performance. Additional sensitivity experiments testing land effects in downscaling suggest the initial soil moisture condition and representation of land surface processes with different schemes are sources of uncertainty for precipitation downscaling. Correction of initial soil moisture using the climatology dataset from GSWP-2 is a useful approach to robustly reducing wet bias in inland areas as well as to improve spatial distribution of precipitation. Despite the improvement on RCM downscaling, regional analyses reveal that accurate simulation of precipitation over East China, where the precipitation pattern is strongly influenced by the activity of the Meiyu/Baiu rainfall band, is difficult. Since the location of the rainfall band is closely associated with both lower-level meridional moisture transport and upper-level circulation structures, it is necessary to have realistic upper-air circulation patterns in the RCM as well as lower-level moisture transport in order to improve the circulation-associated convective rainfall band in East Asia.     

中国东部夏季风北界年际变化的东西差异及其影响因子

采用1958～2016年JRA-55（Japanese 55-year Reanalysis）月平均再分析资料,利用夏季平均的可降水量定义了东亚夏季风北界,通过谐波分解、回归分析、合成分析、波活动通量等分析方法,研究了东亚夏季风北界位置的年际变化特征和东西差异。根据各经度上夏季风活动北界位置年际变化的一致性可划分为华北区域（107.5°～115°E）和东北区域（122.5°～130°E）两个区域,两个区域夏季风北界位置的年际变化具有明显差别。两个区域的夏季风北界位置的异常偏北都与东侧的异常反气旋式水汽环流密切相关,与华北区域北界位置密切联系的异常反气旋式水汽环流位于黄海附近,与东北区域北界位置相关的异常反气旋式水汽环流则位于日本海北部。两个区域分别位于反气旋式环流西侧,受偏南风水汽输送影响,区域水汽输送以及辐合增强。影响华北区域的反气旋式异常与中高纬度波列的传播有关;影响东北区域夏季风北界位置偏南年与偏北年的反气旋式环流的可能成因存在非对称性,偏南年对应西北太平洋低纬度正异常高度场以及中纬度负异常高度场,可能受东亚—太平洋遥相关波列的影响;偏北年则对应着东北亚的正异常高度场,可能与局地增温有关。