重力场欧拉反褶积最优解提取

在传统重力场欧拉反褶积中,单一构造指数难于表征多个异弱常源;而枚举构造指数易于导致欧拉解过度发散、欧拉解解集庞大且其中谬解极多。为此,在采用非预测欧拉反褶积方法,避免枚举构造指数的基础上,采用截断奇异值分解法解欧拉齐次方程,以评价欧拉解的不稳定性,在此基础上,构建估计函数以保留位场总场效应相对较弱的异常源。最后通过数值例子进一步表明了方法的有效性和可靠性。     

重力场欧拉反褶积最优化滑动窗口选择

针对欧拉反褶积法中使用单一构造指数难于表征多个异常源,而使用不同尺寸的滑动窗口或通过枚举构造指数易于导致欧拉解集庞大,增加不必要的后续处理解释工作。为此,利用聚类分析划分欧拉反褶积解集,采用截断奇异值分解法解欧拉齐次方程,以评价因欧拉反褶积所构成的大型线性方程组条件数过大而造成欧拉解的非唯一性和不稳定性问题。在此基础上,进一步对比分析相同尺寸异常源在不同尺寸滑动窗口下所产生的欧拉解集中优解的比例,借此分析滑动窗口尺寸和异常源尺寸间的比例关系,并以此为依据选择最优化窗口。模型试验结果表明:当测量点距为异常源尺寸的1/10时,最优化窗口应为异常源尺寸的3倍且小于勘探区尺寸的1/2。     

欧拉反褶积在重磁位场中应用与发展

介绍了欧拉反褶积方法原理,概述了国内外近几十年地球物理学者对欧拉反褶积方法进行的一系列改进及相关问题研究取得的主要进展和成就,并着重分析了构造指数的选取和欧拉解的稳定性等问题。通过分析指出了构造指数的正确选取、多场源混合叠加干扰和高阶次背景场研究及欧拉解的稳定性仍是今后欧拉反褶积方法研究重点和发展的主要方向,这对解决欧拉反褶积在重磁位场资料解释实用化中具有重要意义。     

位场欧拉反褶积方法适用性分析及其应用

欧拉反褶积是重磁勘探常用的反演方法和资料解释工具。从单一场源出发,推导了叠加场源下的常规欧拉反褶积公式,理论分析出了异常叠加是影响常规欧拉反褶积应用效果的主要因素。为解决这一问题,可采用高阶导数来提高异常分辨率,削弱叠加影响,但高阶导数却易受高频干扰影响。为了深入研究欧拉反褶积方法的应用效果及其适用性,利用垂向导数形式的欧拉反褶积与常规欧拉反褶积进行对比分析。模型试验表明:在无噪声情况,基于垂向一阶导数的欧拉反褶积反演结果具有更高的聚合度和计算精度,可有效压制异常叠加影响;但当原异常含有噪声时,基于垂向导数的欧拉反褶积受噪声影响严重,反演效果不如常规方法,可以采用向上延拓方法来压制噪声干扰以提高高阶导数欧拉反褶积的反演精度。在江西相山实际重力资料处理中,垂向一阶导数的欧拉反褶积比常规欧拉反褶积反演出了更多的地质边界信息,而常规欧拉反褶积在主构造上反演点的连续性更强。因此,在实际资料处理中,建议常规欧拉反褶积和导数形式下的欧拉反褶积同时使用,以提高方法的解释能力。     

利用欧拉反褶积法估计二度磁性体深度与位置

为了利用欧拉反褶积进行快速计算,提出了多个大小不同的滑动窗口进行多次覆盖的算法,对高精度磁测剖面逐点反复计算,并根据统计学原理从大量计算结果中剔除坏解,保留合理的解;还根据2-D模型讨论了结构指数与欧拉反褶积的结果的关系。将该方法应用于我国西北某地区的高精度航磁资料处理,获得较好的地质效果。     

基于欧拉反褶积法的无人机航磁找矿应用

无人机航磁测量以其高效、安全、低成本等优点逐渐应用到中小面积大比例尺资源勘探领域。本文针对安徽芜湖市三山区22 km²区域构造刻画和找矿前景预测,开展1∶20 000高精度无人机航磁测量工作;推导了欧拉反演求解过程,并分析对比构造指数选取,使用构造指数为0的欧拉反褶积对航磁数据进行反演求解,获得地下磁异常体构造边界解集信息;将其应用到研究区域航磁数据反演,根据反演得到的边界位置和深度信息圈定了18处断裂,并结合异常特征给出了8.7 km²岩浆岩分布区,根据宁芜区域铁矿成矿特点,圈定岩浆分布区及边界为成矿详查区。     

梯度反褶积法及其在矿产勘探中的应用

梯度探测技术以其信息量大、精度高、干扰小等优点在地球物理领域中得到广泛应用,但现今针对梯度数据的反演方法还比较少。笔者提出一种新的梯度数据解释方法--梯度反褶积法,该方法以梯度数据为基础获得场源体的位置信息,在计算公式中消除了构造指数,避免了因构造指数选取不当引起的误差。通过理论模型试验证明,梯度反褶积法能有效地完成目标体的反演工作,反演结果与理论值之间的误差小于5%,且相对于常规欧拉反褶积法更加稳定、准确。将梯度反褶积法应用于实测航磁梯度异常的解释,获得了地下铁矿的分布状态。     

东海陆架盆地构造划分的高精度重磁解释技术

本文利用面积广、勘探深度大的重磁数据通过增强型局部相位边界识别方法和优化欧拉反褶积法获得东海陆架盆地的构造特征,为油气勘探提供基础资料。增强型局部相位边界识别法是重磁数据一阶和二阶水平导数的比值函数,能有效地均衡不同深度地质体的边界响应,从而同时显示不同深度构造的边界,提高对较深层构造的分辨率;优化欧拉反褶积法有效地降低了背景异常的干扰,从而可获得更加准确的构造反演结果。理论模型研究表明,增强型局部相位边界识别法可更加准确和清晰地划分边界信息,优化欧拉反褶积法可获得更加准确和收敛的反演结果。综合利用增强型局部相位边界识别和优化欧拉反褶积法对东海陆架断裂构造分布进行划分,获得了分析区域构造背景和评估油气潜力的基础资料。     

关于欧拉反褶积方法计算中的一点改进

在解欧拉方程的过程中,常用的方法是最小二乘法求解。但在求解过程中计算参数会根据需要做一些调整,每调整一次计算参数,就要重复计算一次解欧拉方程的过程,这样在很大程度上影响了计算速度。为了避免这种重复,这里找到了一组系数,该系数与场值及其梯度值有关,并直接建立起场源位置与构造指数N简单的对应关系,从而把解欧拉方程的最小二乘问题转化成了解线性方程的问题,避免了解欧拉方程组时的重复计算,大大地减少了计算工作量,有效地提高了工作效率。     

东天山戈壁沙漠覆盖区重磁场特征与构造格架研究

依据重力和航磁异常数据及其处理结果（Tilt导数和欧拉反褶积）,对东天山戈壁沙漠覆盖区断裂构造和岩体重新进行了解译,结合岩石密度和磁性特征及前人研究成果,分析了东天山的构造格架。结果表明,东天山构造线主体方向为近EW向,构造格局具有南北分带的特点,重力和航磁异常图上密集梯级带对应研究区一级断裂,即康古尔塔格一黄山深断裂和阿奇克库都克一沙泉子断裂。重力和航磁原始异常经过Tilt导数和欧拉反褶积处理后,微弱信息得到明显增强,进而识别出一些新的断裂构造和岩体。     

Euler Deconvolution with Improved Accuracy and Multiple Different Structural Indices

Euler deconvolution is a semi-automatic interpretation method that is frequently used with magnetic and gravity data. For a given source type, which is specified by its structural index (SI), it provides an estimate of the source location. It is demonstrated here that by computing the solution space of individual data points and selecting common source locations the accuracy of the result can be improved. Furthermore, only a slight modification of the method is necessary to allow solutions for any number of different Sis to be obtained simultaneously. The method is applicable to both evenly and unevenly sampled geophysical data and is demonstrated on gravity and magnetic data. Source code (in Matlab format) is available from www.iamg.org.     

Application of 3D Euler deconvolution of aeromagnetic data and pseudogravity transforms in mineral exploration: a case study of the pegmatite-rich zones of Lafiagi,Central Nigeria

Structural evaluation of the pegmatite-rich zones in a part of Lafiagi (Sheet 203), Central Nigeria, was carried out. It was aimed at identification of the structures responsible for the rich mineralization of the area. This work involved the qualitative and quantitative analysis of aeromagnetic data and pseudogravity transforms by using Oasis Montaj? software. The 3D Euler deconvolution results from acquired aeromagnetic data and pseudogravity transforms augmented with geological information obtained from reliable sources were employed in the structural interpretation work. The results have shown that the abundance of 2D and 3D structures that are commonly associated with gemstones and precious minerals explain why the study area is rich in mineral deposits.     

Tilt-Euler方法在位场数据处理及解释中的应用

通过探讨斜梯度欧拉反褶积(Tilt-Euler)方法及性质,对理论模型和实测重力资料进行分析,结果表明Tilt-Euler在无场源构造指数的条件下能快速推断出场源边界和深度分布,并能自动估算出构造指数,计算简便,实用性强,这对于大面积航空磁测和航空重力资料处理解释具有重要意义。     

The role of aeromagnetic data analysis (using 3D Euler deconvolution) in delineating active subsurface structures in the west central Arabian shield and the central Red Sea,Saudi Arabia

In this paper, we present a case study of structural mapping by applying the 3D Euler method to the high-resolution aeromagnetic data that was collected in the west central Arabian Shield region and the coastal region of the central Red Sea in Saudi Arabia. We show the 3D Euler deconvolution algorithm and apply it to magnetic potential field data from the west Central Arabian Shield and the Central Red Sea. The solution obtained with 3D Euler deconvolution gives better-focused depth estimates, which are closer to the real position of sources; the results presented here can be used to constrain depth to active crustal structures (volcanisms) for the study area. The results indicated that the area was affected by sets of fault systems, which primarily trended in the NNW–SSE, NW–SE, EW, and NE–SW directions. Moreover, estimated Euler solution map from aeromagnetic data delineated also the boundaries of shallow, small, and confined magnetic bodies on the offshore section of the study area. These nearly exposed basement intrusions are most likely related to the Red Sea Rift and may be associated with structures higher up in the sedimentary section. These volcanic bodies are extended to the continental part (onshore) of the west central Arabian Shield, particularly beneath both sides of the Ad Damm fault zone. This extension verifies that the fault was largely contemporaneous with a major period during the extension of the Red Sea Basin. Moreover, according to the distribution of circular magmatic-source bodies (circular-shaped ring dikes) that resulted from this study, we can state that the clustering of most earthquakes along this fault may most likely be attributed to the active mantle upwelling (volcanic earthquakes), which are ultimately related to volcanic processes. Furthermore, the oceanic crustal structures near and in the Red Sea offshore regions were also estimated and discussed according to the ophiolite occurrences and further opening of the Red Sea. Our results are largely comparable with studies of previous crustal sections, which were performed along the Red Sea Rift and the Arabian Shield. As a result, the areas above these anomalies are highly recommended for further geothermal study. This example illustrates that high-resolution aeromagnetic surveys can greatly help delineating the subsurface active structures in the west central Arabian Shield and the middle coastal region of the Red Sea of Saudi Arabia.     

The role of geophysical and seismological data in evaluating the subsurface structures and tectonic trends of Nile Delta, Egypt

In the present study, the Bouguer, aeromagnetic, and seismological data analysis for Nile Delta including the Greater Cairo region and its surroundings was used to examine and trace the tectonic framework for some deep-seated faults (mostly normal faults with a small strike–slip component) and their orientation, on which most earthquakes have occurred. The new tilt derivative (TDR) geophysical map and Euler deconvolution presented here can be used to trace the structural relationships and their depth investigations across the entire region. Generally, most of the Euler deconvolution results especially from the gravity map were well coincided with the location of contacts derived by TDR particularly NNW to NS, EW, and NE trended structures. The depths to the gravity or magnetic sources, and the locations of the contacts of density contrast were estimated. Results of the Euler deconvolution method suggested that, in the southeastern part of the area, the basement could be observed to be shallow and has become deeper beneath the northern part. Furthermore, the resulting structural map of this study is well correlated with previous geological and seismological data analyses. At least two sets of predominant faults are suspected, faults with a NNW strike (Clysmic trend) which are particularly felt in the southern portion of the Delta, and some of them give it the shape of a “graben like structure.” Another parallel set of faults, having NE–SW strike (Pelusium trend), was also obvious in the southern part between Cairo and Suez cities (at Abu Zabal area). The evaluated trending faults (NNW–SSE or NE–SW) are intersecting with predominant major WNW–ESE to E–W (Tethys trend) striking faults. These intersections may generate more additional seismic pulses and consequently increase the seismic activity for these structures. However, minor NW (Najd Fault System) is obvious in the TDR magnetic map, whereas less attendance NS (East African trend) structural trends are evident in the TDR gravity map. Moreover, it could be said that the southeastern portion of the Nile Delta (especially the eastern portion of Greater Cairo) is affected by highly tectonic fault systems. Finally, a new tectonic map was also evaluated from the resulting structural map, which helps to quantify different structural patterns (faults and/or contacts), and their relations with the regional tectonic trends are discussed.