Regional and structural effects of North Sea oil in Norway

The discovery of oil in the North Sea has had an important impact on Norway. The article presents the development of the oil policy. Of particular interest is the heavy involvement in Norway in products as mobile rigs, supply ships and concrete platforms. The distribution of the oil activities in Norway as related to locational factors is discribed, with examples of the local impacts of oil activities. Of particular concern are the regional effects. Norway will be a high cost country and low-wage industries (e.g. textiles, furniture) may be squeezed. Industrial decay areas like in Britain and Europe are feared. Also some main problems and decisions such as the landing of Statfjord oil by pipeline are considered.     

Improved assessment of biodegradation extent and prediction of petroleum quality

Biodegradation of crude oil causes volumetrically important compositional changes, which lead to significant deterioration in quality, in particular during the early stages of alteration. To better understand these effects we focussed on a detailed assessment of light to moderate levels of alteration. We investigated a suite of 40 crude oil samples from five different petroleum systems to evaluate the extent of alteration occurring in reservoirs. Based on a comprehensive geochemical characterization, five individual crude oil sequences were defined, where compositional variability is mainly due to microbial activity in the reservoir. In particular, samples from the Gullfaks field (offshore Norway) and from a petroleum system offshore Angola illustrate that conventional molecular biodegradation parameters, such as the Pr/n-C₁₇ and Ph/n-C₁₈ alkane ratios are not suitable for defining the extent of biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs. Here, we suggest a new molecular biodegradation parameter, the degradative loss, that can be used to quantify depletion in individual crude oil constituents. The approach allows improved assessment of the extent of biodegradation in crude oil samples by means of the mean degradative loss. It is demonstrated that crude oil quality, as assessed from API gravity, can be predicted directly from the molecular composition of crude oils. Our data clearly indicate that the degradation patterns of light hydrocarbons and n-alkanes differ in different petroleum systems. This suggests that microbial communities are different and therefore generate different molecular degradation patterns which have to be evaluated individually for each system.     

Geographies of security and statehood in Norway’s ‘Battle of the North’

In this paper, we explore how ‘peak oil’ anxieties are woven into the spaces and practices of the state in Norway and the consequences of this for environmental justice and the public sphere more widely. We focus in particular on an ongoing struggle over access to hydrocarbon deposits in the Norwegian Arctic, the so-called ‘Battle of the North’. We use this dispute to highlight three wider theoretical points regarding (i) the continuing relevance of the state in the governing of nature-society relations, (ii) the increasingly fragmented and fluid nature of state space, and (iii) the significance of ‘security’ as a term around which social, economic and environmental tensions pivot. The paper concludes by reflecting on current efforts to prevent new oil activities in the north of Norway.     

The application of fluid inclusions to migration of oil and diagenesis in petroleum reservoirs

Fluid inclusions can be used to interpret thermal history and petroleum maturation and migration relative to burial history. Temperature, pressure and composition data collected from fluid inclusions are used to determine the environment of diagenesis and the timing of cementation and migration. Cements in petroleum reservoirs contain both oil and aqueous fluid inclusions. Fluorescence spectroscopy is used to identify oil inclusions and to determine the maturity of entrapped oil. The lifetime of fluorescence induced by a pulsed laser is related to the API gravity of entrapped oil. Interpretation of fluid inclusion data depends on knowing the origin of fluid inclusions and the probability that they survive in the burial environment. Those aspects of fluid inclusion study are investigated by synthesizing oil and aqueous inclusions in calcite crystals in laboratory experiments. Examples of how fluid inclusions are used to determine the physico-chemical environments of diagenesis in petroleum reservoirs and the timing of cementation and migration are given for the Wealden Basin, England, the Mishrif Formation, Dubai, the Smackover Formation, Gulf Coast, U.S.A. and Jurassic sandstones, offshore Norway. In the Wealden Basin, temperature data from fluid inclusions are used to determine that oil migration occurred in the Cretaceous and that the reservoir rocks have been uplifted to varying degrees at a time after migration. Distribution of oil inclusions indicates that generation and migration of oil was principally in the western part of the basin. The geochemistry of oil inclusions in calcite cements from the Mishrif Formation, Dubai, are used to determine the type and maturity of entrapped oil. Temperature data from oil and water inclusions are used to relate reservoir diagenesis to burial history and the migration of oil. In deep Smackover reservoirs oil contains H₂S. The origin of the H₂S is examined by study of fluid inclusions containing H₂S. In Jurassic sandstones, offshore Norway, fluid inclusion studies show that silica cementation is related to burial depth whereas a later calcite cementation originated from invasion of a hot fluid.     

Heat-flow — heat-generation studies in Norway

Fifteen heat-flow determinations based on data from 34 drill holes throughout central and southern Norway are presented. Five combined heat-flow — heat-generation measurements from homogeneous Precambrian and Permian crystalline rocks from southern Norway confirm a linear relation between heat flow and heat generation of the form Q = Q₀ + bA, where Q is surface heat flow (1hfu = 10⁻⁶ cal cm⁻² sec⁻¹), A is surface heat generation (1hgu = 10⁻¹³ cal cm⁻³ sec⁻¹), and b and Q₀ are constants. The slope of the line (b = 8.4 km) is in good agreement with results obtained from other stable continental areas, but the intercept (Q₀ = 0.48 hfu) is considerably lower, suggesting the presence of a zone of low heat flow in southern Norway.Nine heat-flow determinations are from the Paleozoic, Caledonian orogenic belt. These values range from 1.09 to 1.29 hfu with an average value of 1.18, are consistent with model data from other Paleozoic orogenic areas including the Appalachian system of North America, and do not appear to reflect the low heat flow observed in southern Norway.     

Anthropogenic impact on Andaman coast monitoring with benthic foraminifera,Andaman Sea,India

The concept of anthropogenic impact is extremely important to be considered while analysing the ecology of coast and shelf zones. For centuries, these zones have been the epicentres for various human activities, including urbanisation, construction of sea ports and harbours, development of natural reservoirs (including oil production and fishing), marine aquaculture, shipping, recreation and many others. Many of the activities in progress on both sides of the shoreline provide 50% or more of the gross State/UT (Union Tertiary) product for surrounding states. The data shows that land-based and atmospheric sources account for about two-thirds of the total contamination found in the marine environment, constituting 44 and 33%, respectively. The greatest anthropogenic pollution pressure undoubtedly falls on the shelf zones and coastal areas. To prove this theory, a total of 25 bottom sediment samples were collected within the depth zone of 5 fathoms from the South Andaman coastal fringe for sediment geochemistry studies and foraminiferal analysis. The samples were further analysed for heavy metal pollutants like Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn. The study yielded 20 benthic foraminiferal species. Of these, five benthic species were living including Ammonia beccarii, Calcarine calcar, Elphidium crispum, Operculina complanata and Nonion deppresula. The presence of deformed specimens and the domination of Ammonia spp. are indications of a polluted environment. Sampled coral reefs had high abundances of Operculina spp. The highest counts of benthic microbiota were found in finer sediment. Species diversity is very limited along the coastal fringe of South Andaman Island in comparison with fauna from the coast of India. This first report of benthic foraminifera from South Andaman Island will allow us to assess future impacts of marine pollution because foraminiferal deformations are positively correlated to the concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn).     

Long-term growth of the oil industry in the United States

A number of growth models have been developed and used in an attempt to project the historical pattern of oil activities to some estimate of their upper limit. Techniques are outlined for the estimation of parameters of the logistic and Gompertz curves. Factor analysis indicated a close relationship between production and demand, whereas annual discoveries and discoveries classified by year of discovery tended to comprise unique factors which were indifferent to changes in time. The growth models projected relatively high values for ultimate demand and production in comparison to the figures for ultimate reserves. Inasmuch as these trends seemed to be occurring independently, some reconciliation of the results was necessary. Using the highest projections of estimates for reserves suggests that over 420 billion barrels of oil in place will eventually be discovered in the United States, with perhaps 200 billion barrels of this eventually to be proved in the form of reserves. Projections for production were higher, corresponding to a trend indicating high levels in demand for crude oil. The only credible long-term estimate of demand was given by a bounded exponential growth model, in which ultimate cumulative demand for crude oil would reach about 416 billion barrels. These figures imply that over 150 billion barrels of oil would be imported into the United States from 1970 to 2070. Provided the time pattern for one of the variables has been determined, then estimates of the other variables probably would be facilitated because of the high interrelationship between variables. Models are suggested in which accurate pivotal forecasting in the short term might be possible—assuming the particular future trend in some of the independent variables has been predetermined.Research Council of Alberta Contribution No. 596.     

Climate changes during the last c. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region,Norway

Vorren, K.‐D., Jensen, C. E. & Nilssen, E. 2012 (January): Climate changes during the last c. 7500 years as recorded by the degree of peat humification in the Lofoten region, Norway. Boreas, Vol. 41, pp. 13–30. 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00220.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Two peat cores from two neighbouring bogs in Lofoten, northern Norway were densely AMS dated and analysed for humification. The two cores have been influenced by human agricultural impact, especially c. 1600 cal. a BP, which may have affected the local hydrology of the bogs. From 7400 cal. a BP onwards, 19 distinct wet‐shifts are recorded in the two cores. Eight or nine of these correspond chronologically to periods of low solar activity. This correlation is most convincing during the last 2000 years. Some wet‐shifts are connected with a solar low‐activity period during the Subboreal/Subatlantic transition, which in central Europe is dated at 2750–2565 cal. a BP. For Lofoten, the corresponding Subboreal/Subatlantic transition – or the wet‐shift marking this transition – is dated at c. 2600 cal. a BP. Some wet‐shifts occur just before or just after solar low‐activity periods, but only four of the nineteen wet‐shifts are clearly not temporally connected with periods of low solar activity. Compared with the wet‐shifts in NW European (mainly British Isles) bogs, there are more frequent wet‐shifts in northern Norway. Compared with other peat cores in northern Norway, especially for the interval 6500–5000 cal. a BP, Lofoten deviates by its lack of wet‐shifts. As in England, Scotland and Ireland, there is regional variability in the temporal formation of wet‐shifts in northern Norway.     

塔里木盆地二叠纪火山-岩浆活动对古生界生储条件的影响--以塔中47井区为例

塔里木盆地古生界地层是油气勘探的重要层段,勘探开发实践证明,古生界地层中的生储盖组合及油气体系受到了二叠纪大量、长期、多阶段火山-岩浆活动的强烈影响,然而,其影响规律尚不清楚。研究选取塔中47井区的三口重点油气探井,对志留系-石炭系油砂样品进行气相色谱-质谱分析,并完成了砂岩的成岩作用及储集空间研究,结合井区三维地震解释,从有机质、储层、成藏等方面研究了二叠纪火山-岩浆活动对古生界生储条件的影响。结果表明,塔中47井所钻遇的大型火山机构,其火山-岩浆活动可以提高下伏地层中有机质的成熟度,增强储层中酸性流体对钙质胶结物的溶蚀作用,促进次生孔隙形成进而发育优质储层。靠近火山机构的油气储层受改造作用更强烈,其储集性能更好,以火山机构为中心,横向上依次分布储层显著改善区域、储层破坏区域和储层基本未受影响区域,储层改善作用的影响范围大约为6 km。储层演化与油气综合成藏与二叠纪火山-岩浆活动有一定的对应性和关联性,火山-岩浆活动直接促进了油气运移和油气藏的形成。     

Lateglacial vegetation and palaeoenvironment in W Norway,with new pollen data from the Sunnmøre region

Krüger, L. C., Paus, A., Svendsen, J. I. & Bjune, A. E. 2011: Lateglacial vegetation and palaeoenvironment in W Norway, with new pollen data from the Sunnmøre region. Boreas, 10.1111/j.1502‐3885.2011.00213.x. ISSN 0300‐9483. Two sediment sequences from Sunnmøre, northern W Norway, were pollen‐analytically studied to reconstruct the Lateglacial vegetation history and climate. The coastal Dimnamyra was deglaciated around 15.3 ka BP, whereas Løkjingsmyra, further inland, became ice‐free around 14 ka BP. The pioneer vegetation dominated by snow‐bed communities was gradually replaced by grassland and sparse heath vegetation. A pronounced peak in Poaceae around 12.9 ka BP may reflect warmer and/or drier conditions. The Younger Dryas (YD) cooling phase shows increasing snow‐bed vegetation and the local establishment of Artemisia norvegica. A subsequent vegetation closure from grassland to heath signals the Holocene warming. Birch forests were established 500–600 years after the YD–Holocene transition. This development follows the pattern of the Sunnmøre region, which is clearly different from the Empetrum dominance in the Lateglacial interstadial further south in W Norway. The Lateglacial oscillations GI‐1d (Older Dryas) and GI‐1b (Gerzensee) are hardly traceable in the north, in contrast to southern W Norway. The southern vegetation was probably closer to an ecotone and more susceptible to climate changes.     

The Distribution of Petroleum Resources and Characteristics of Main Petroliferous Basins along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road

The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative, abbreviated as the Belt and Road Initiative, is a primary development strategy of China’s future international cooperation. Especially, the energy resource cooperation, including oil and gas resources cooperation, is an important part of this initiative. The Belt and Road has undergone complicated geological evolution, and contains abundant mineral resources such as oil, gas, coal, uranium, iron, copper, gold and manganese ore resources. Among these, Africa holds 7.8% of the world’s total proven oil reserves. The oil and gas resources in Africa are relatively concentrated, with an overall low exploration degree and small consumption demand. Nigeria and Libya contain the most abundant oil resources in Africa, accounting for 2.2% and 2.9% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Nigeria and Algeria hold the richest natural gas resources in Africa, occupying 2.8% and 2.4% of the world’s total reserves, respectively. Africa’s oil and gas resources are mainly concentrated in Egypt, Sultan and Western Sahara regions in the northern Africa, and the Gulf of Guinea, Niger River and Congo River area in the western Africa. The Russia–Central Asia area holds rich petroleum resources in Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The potential oil and gas areas include the West Siberia Basin, East Siberia Basin and sea continental shelf in Russia, the northern and central Caspian Basin in Kazakhstan, the right bank of the Amu-Darya Basin, the East Karakum uplift and the South Caspian Basin in Turkmenistan, and the Amu–Daria Basin, Fergana Basin, Afghan–Tajik Basin and North Ustyurt Basin in Uzbekistan. The Middle East oil and gas resources are mainly distributed in the Zagros foreland basin and Arabian continental margin basin, and the main oil-producing countries include Saudi Arabia, Iran and Iraq. The Asia Pacific region is a new oil and gas consumption center, with rapid growth of oil and gas demand. In 2012, this region consumed about 33.6% of the world’s total oil consumption and 18.9% of the world’s total natural gas consumption, which has been ranked the world’s largest oil and gas consumption center. The oil and gas resources are concentrated in China, Indosinian, Malaysia, Australia and India. The abundant European proven crude oil reserves are in Norway, Britain and Denmark and also rich natural gas resources in Norway, Holland and Britain. Norway and Britain contain about 77.5% of European proven oil reserves, which accounts for only 0.9% of the world’s proven reserves. The Europe includes main petroliferous basins of the Voring Basin, Anglo–Dutch Basin, Northwest German Basin, Northeast German–Polish Basin and Carpathian Basin. According to the analysis of source rocks, reservoir rocks, cap rocks and traps for the main petroliferous basins, the potential oil and gas prospecting targets in the Belt and Road are mainly the Zagros Basin and Arabic Platform in the Middle East, the East Barents Sea Basin and the East Siberia Basin in Russia–Central Asia, the Niger Delta Basin, East African rift system and the Australia Northwest Shelf. With the development of oil and gas theory and exploration technology, unconventional petroleum resources will play an increasingly important role in oil and gas industry.     

Three-Phase Secondary Migration of Hydrocarbon

The objective of this work is to study the migration of hydrocarbons from a source rock into possible reservoirs. In particular, we consider simultaneous migration of gas and oil through a water-filled carrier bed and how this flow might result in characteristics that could be interpreted by nontraditional exploration methods. In the modeling, one-dimensional, immiscible, isothermal flow is assumed, and capillary effects are excluded. The seal is modeled as a layer of very low permeability. Our analysis is based on the method of characteristics and simple wave theory. Waves are changes in saturation(s) that move through a reservoir or carrier bed at a characteristic velocity. The analysis does not require capillary forces to trap hydrocarbons, but relies on nonlinear wave phenomena to explain migration and entrapment. No doubt, capillary forces are important in secondary migration and entrapment. Our treatment can be viewed as being part of a more complete theory on secondary migration, considering hydrodynamic effects here. We demonstrate that capillary forces are not the only mechanism that can cause trapping of hydrocarbons. We focus on the role of gas in the trapping of oil. If the seal is slightly permeable, some oil will flow through it. With gas present, the efficiency of the seal can increase, and oil can be completely trapped by a structure that would otherwise be permeable. For example, gas, being much more mobile than oil, can form a bank at the interface between two layers that have a modest permeability contrast. This gas bank will have a relatively large gas saturation. This will decrease the relative permeability to oil and completely trap subsequently migrated oil. Oil can also be trapped even when no gas bank is formed at the permeable seal. Features of this problem that might affect a seismic signal are (1) the existence of gas above (caused by a stow leakage of gas) and below a modest seal, (2) the gas leakage itself, (3) modest saturations in the oil column, and (4) overpressuring in the gas column.     

Simulation of the movement and dispersion of oil slicks in the Arabian Gulf

The extensive oil drilling and transportation activities in the Arabian Gulf increased the possibility of oil spills and the consequent threat of oil pollution to the regional ecology. The available literature concerning the main aspects of the physical oceanographic characteristics affecting the movement and spreading of oil spill in the Gulf are reviewed. It is concluded that evaporation, wind-driven currents, and sandfall are important as weathering processes, while tidal currents cause lateral spreading of the slick. Oil spill modelling has shown some usefulness in estimating the trajectories of few major spills illustrated by reference to three models developed for the Gulf. The performance of these models, their capabilities and limitations are reviewed. Recommendations are made to gather more data on the behavior of oil spills in this particular environment.     

Cultural sediment analyses and transitions in early fishing activity at Langenesværet,Vesterålen,Northern Norway

The development of specialized and commercial fishing activity in the island archipelago of Lofoten and Vesterålen in northern Norway is a critical foundation from which to understand the subsequent spread of commercial fishing across the north Atlantic region during the medieval and early modern period. One little understood aspect of this development is the relationship between medieval commercial fishing stations (fiskevaer) and earlier fishing activity. In this article, cultural sediment deposits at Langenesværet, Vesterålen, Northern Norway provide an opportunity to examine this relationship and its implications for current historical models of fishing development in northern Norway and the north Atlantic region. Conventional and AMS radiocarbon dating techniques are used to establish a chronology for the deposits, while activities associated with the sediments are characterized using thin‐section micromorphology supported by proton induced X‐ray emission spectrometry (PIXE). The results suggest that the site commenced formation as early as ca. 3000 B.C. and that the site was first used for specialized fishing activity from the early centuries A.D. The medieval commercial fiskevaer settlement at Langenesværet was introduced to an area that had a longstanding tradition of specialised fishing activity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Biogeochemical anomalies in fennoscandia: A study of copper, lead and nickel levels in Melandrium dioicum and Viscaria alpina

Herbarium specimens (over 700) of Melandrium dioicum and Viscaria alpina from throughout Fennoscandia were analysed for their Cu, Pb and Ni content. About 80 specimens had anomalous levels of one or more of these elements as determined by cumulative frequency plots. Inspection of collection localities of plants with anomalous heavy metal levels showed that some of the main copper mining districts of Norway and Sweden had been identified as well as several major ultrabasic regions of Fennoscandia. Although over half of the observed anomalies could be explained from previous knowledge of nearby sulphide mineralization, it is suggested that the more promising of the remainder are worthy of follow-up investigations.     

The Bølling‐age Blomvåg Beds,western Norway: implications for the Older Dryas glacial re‐advance and the age of the deglaciation

Blomvåg, on the western coast of Norway north of Bergen, is a classical site in Norwegian Quaternary science. Foreshore marine sediments, named the Blomvåg Beds and now dated to the Bølling‐Allerød from 14.8 to 13.3 cal. ka BP, contain the richest Lateglacial bone fauna in Norway, numerous mollusc shells, driftwood, and flint that some archaeologists consider as the oldest traces of humans in Norway. The main theme of this paper is that the Blomvåg Beds are overlain by a compact diamicton, named the Ulvøy Diamicton, which was interpreted previously as a basal till deposited during a glacial re‐advance into the ocean during the Older Dryas (c. 14 cal. ka BP). Sediment sections of the Blomvåg Beds and the Ulvøy Diamicton were exposed in ditches in a cemetery that was constructed in 1941–42 and have subsequently not been accessible. A number of radiocarbon and cosmogenic ¹⁰Be exposure ages demonstrate that the diamicton is not likely to be a till because minimum deglaciation ages (14.8–14.5 cal. ka BP) from the vicinity pre‐date the Ulvøy Diamicton. We now consider that sea ice and icebergs formed the Ulvøy Diamicton during the Younger Dryas. The Scandinavian Ice Sheet margin was located on the outermost coastal islands between at least c. 18.5 and 14.8 cal. ka BP; however, no ice‐marginal deposits have been found offshore from this long period. The Older Dryas ice margin in this area was located slightly inside the Younger Dryas margin, whereas farther south it was located slightly beyond the Younger Dryas margin.     

Cross-strata and bedforms of probable transitional dune to upper-stage plane-bed origin from a Late Precambrian fluvial sandstone, northern Norway.

A Late Precambrian fluvial sandstone sequence in northern Norway is dominated by large-scale cross-sets that show either lenticular or tabular geometries in the streamwise sections. The lenticular sets interdigitate and in places show nearly symmetrical formsets. The tabular sets are in places solitary, but are mainly grouped in cosets. In both cross-set types, the cross-strata range from concave-up to sigmoidal in shape, with the latter variety comprising subhorizontal to gently inclined topset strata (with parting lineation) that merge uninterruptedly downflow into the steeper (10–2°) foresets. Within the cross-sets the geometry and dip azimuths of the foresets are conspicuously consistent, although the concave-up and sigmoidal strata commonly alternate downcurrent. The cross-strata characteristics suggest flood stage deposition from relatively high velocity steady currents heavily laden with suspended sand. Both cross-set types are interpreted as representing bedforms generated by flow in the dune to upper-stage plane-bed transition. The lenticular cross-sets probably represent periodic dunes, but it is far less clear whether the long bedforms represented by the tabular sets should be classified as dunes, or rather as solitary to quasi-periodic bars.     

Biodegradation of diesel oil in marine environment by a floating water droplet

Diesel oil is one of the derivatives of crude oil which resistance to biodegradation due to its complex structure and low solubility in water. A novel concept of enhancement of diesel degradation using floating water droplet is proposed and being investigated to address some key challenges encountered in diesel oil spillages in the aqueous area and wetlands. This study aims to increase the floatability of a floating water droplet on oil. A droplet containing a mixed consortium of 60 different hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant was deposited on the diesel oil surface. Contact angle and contact radius were monitored to observe the effect of bacterial activities on the droplet. The behavior of this droplet on diesel oil was different to a previous study with paraffin oil. In particular, the floatability, bacterial growth and biofilm formation demonstrate significant deviation due to the diesel interactions with biological processes. Nevertheless, the results show this method increase microbial activities within the droplet. The result verifies the applicability of the floating water droplet as an environmentally friendly method for diesel oil spillages.     

挪威中部陆架油气地质特征及勘探潜力

以收集到的挪威中部陆架最新地质基础资料和油气田资料为依据,归纳总结该区的烃源岩、储集层、生储盖组合及油气运移特征,分析其勘探潜力,为相关公司介入本区的油气勘探提供依据。综合研究结果认为,挪威中部陆架烃源岩主要为下侏罗统re组三角洲平原相泥页岩及煤层和上侏罗统Spekk组海相泥页岩,其中上侏罗统Spekk组海相泥页岩是主力烃源岩;储层主要为白垩系—新近系浊积砂岩和中侏罗统裂谷期Fangst群滨浅海相砂岩,其中主力储层为中侏罗统裂谷期滨浅海相砂岩;发育裂谷期下生上储(正常)和上生下储两种组合模式;油气通过裂缝、疏导层及断层等作短距离汇聚,通过地层不整合面或连通砂体作长距离运移。该区油气成藏条件优越,资源潜力巨大,储量约为73×108桶油当量,待发现油气田约36个,随着油气勘探的逐步展开,挪威中部陆架必将还有重大油气发现。     

中国参与北极油气资源开发利用前景与方向

北极地区丰富的油气资源近年来引发全世界的广泛关注。评估结果显示,北极油气资源分布不均,主要集中在俄罗斯、美国阿拉斯加、挪威、加拿大和丹麦格陵兰。不同国家和地区北极油气资源勘探开发特点不同,在新形势下可能还会发生变化。中国是油气消费大国和进口大国,俄罗斯北极地区已日渐成为中国重要油气供应地之一。综合分析几个主要北极国家北极油气开发利用现状和未来发展前景,与中国目前参与北极油气开发利用的情况,对未来中国如何参与北极油气资源开发利用提出建议,将俄罗斯作为中国北极油气开发的长期合作伙伴,与其开展项目投资、技术入股、航道建设等多个方面的合作。