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肥城煤田作为国家重要能源基地,开发历史悠久,为我国高速发展的国民经济做出了巨大贡献。但长期开采导致塌陷范围广、深度大、积水严重,生态环境遭受严重破坏,给矿区群众的生产生活带来严重影响。该文总结了目前普及化程度较高的采煤塌陷区治理模式,以此为基础,对肥城市采煤塌陷区按照因地制宜的原则,通过分析研究、归纳得出适应于肥城市采煤塌陷区四种不同的治理模式,分别为:土地复垦治理模式、“渔业+农业”治理模式、生态修复治理模式、综合治理模式,并对四种治理模式进行了阐述分析,对今后肥城市采煤塌陷区治理起到借鉴和指导作用。 相似文献
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“这是一项利民工程”——看河南神火集团如何治理采煤塌陷区 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国是煤炭生产大国,今年预计产量将突破17亿吨。由此带来的是对生态环境的严重破坏。统计表明,我国每采1万吨煤,平均造成的土地塌陷为0.2公顷。目前全国因采煤造成的塌陷就述40万公顷,并且还在以每年2.7万公顷的速度增加。自1993年起,河南神火集团开展了采煤塌陷地治理复垦工作。十多年来这个公司不断探索,创造出了原地复垦法、废弃物充填法、超前复垦和二次复垦法等一整套先进的塌陷地治理技术,并通过了ISO14001环境管理体系认证。目前,该公司已累计复垦土地万余亩,塌陷地复垦率在90%以上,基本实现了塌陷面积与复垦面积平衡。通过塌陷地治理复垦,矿区环境美了,农民富了。当地群众说:“这是一项利民工程”。 相似文献
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大柳塔采煤塌陷区土壤含水量的空间变异特征分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
通过研究采煤塌陷区土壤水空间分布及动态变化特征,查明了采煤塌陷对土壤含水量的影响,这对矿区生态环境保护、塌陷区土地复垦等具有重要指导意义。以大柳塔双沟采煤塌陷区为试验区,利用传统统计学和地统计学方法分析了采煤塌陷条件下的包气带土壤水空间变异特征。研究结果表明:由于采煤塌陷造成塌陷区土壤层位在垂向上倒置、重组,引起土壤粒度、容重、孔隙度等土壤物理特性的改变,使塌陷区土壤含水量比非塌陷区显著降低,在不同深度层(0~60 cm)分别减少14.2%~21.9%;在垂向分布上塌陷区土壤水分也表现出较强的变异性,其离散系数在不同深度(0~60 cm)与非塌陷区的差值在19.2%~50%之间。根据试验区0 cm、20 cm、40 cm、60 cm四个层面土壤含水量的Kriging插值等值线图显示,土壤含水量低值区均位于塌陷区内的塌陷坑部位,证明地表的地裂缝、塌陷坑、塌陷洞等塌陷形态对土壤持水能力的影响颇为显著。采煤塌陷区土壤含水量降低、空间变异性增强直接导致了地表植被生存环境的恶化,地表景观被严重破坏。 相似文献
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露天矿区土地复垦及生态重建数据库的设计与实现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
矿区土地复垦与生态重建研究以及复垦模式的验证、推广,都需要借助数据库技术对多年研究数据进行有效的组织管理。本文论述了土地复垦与生态重建数据库设计过程中的用户需求分析、概念结构设计、逻辑结构设计、物理结构设计以及数据库的实施与维护。该研究促进了矿区土地复垦与生态重建工作的信息化。 相似文献
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Little information is available on the impacts of coastal reclamation on wetland loss in large-river deltas at a regional scale.Using remote sensing data of coastal wetland and reclamation in four deltas in China from 1978 to 2014, we tracked their continuous area changes in four periods: 1978–1990, 1990–2000, 2000–2008, and 2008–2014. The areal relation between wetland loss and reclamation was quantified and used to identify coastal reclamation mode intensity coupled with another three indicators: reclamation rate,accretion rate and land-use intensity of coastal reclamation. The results showed that coastal reclamation driven by economic development reduced, or even reverse the original growth of delta which was determined by the offset between wetland acceleration rate and wetland loss rate. Generally, the area of reclamation showed a positive linear correlation with the area of wetland loss. The findings imply that human activities should control reclamation rate and intensity to alleviate total wetland loss and maintain wetland ’net gain’.Inappropriate coastal reclamation modes can magnify total wetland loss;therefore, coastal reclamation with a slow increment rate and low impervious surface percent is of great importance for sustainable development in future coastal management. 相似文献
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EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURE RECLAMATION ON THE HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE SANJIANG PLAIN, CHINA 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
1 THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS The Sanjiang Plain is located in the northeast of Heilongjiang Province, China. Russia borders this region in the north and east. Its total area is 1.088×107ha. The area of plain occupies 61.21%of the total land area and that of hill and mountain amounts to 38.79%of the total land area. It is not only one of the most important regions with large area of fresh water wetlands and with varieties of rare migratory waterfowls, but a… 相似文献
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叶舜赞 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1998,8(1):12-24
THELANDRESOURCEANDLANDUSEOFHONGKONG①YeShunzan(叶舜赞)InstituteofGeography,theChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,P.R.China(Re... 相似文献
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Ye Shunzan 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,8(1):12-24
The urban development is a decisive factor for the landuse of the territory of Hong Kong, as a realm of a world city. A speed-up
change of the landuse structure of Hong Kong and some contradictions in the landuse have been revealed after a brief mentioning
of the characteristics of the limited land resources of Hong Kong. Hong Kong consists of peninsula and islands dominated by
hilly terrain in south subtropical zone, 84% of the total area is slope, unfavorable for urban and agricultural development,
only 16% is small plains. The land is barren and water resource is very limited. Urban landuse is taken as the dominant factor.
Due to the expansion of the scale of the urban development, and the limitation of the land resource, there is a high degree
of the urban land utilization, but the proportions of commercial and industrial landuse are not high, only 1.3% of the total
developed land is used for commerce, 6.0% for manufacture industries, the road and railway lands amount to 14.6%. The great
efforts were made in reclamation and construction of reservoirs in order to add land and water resources. The arable lands
were reduced heavily and the farmlands were wasted seriously. The author proposed some view points on the present and future
landuse in Hong Kong as follows: 1) the urban landuse remains as a guiding factor in the landuse of the whole territory of
Hong Kong; 2) one of the problems is the fondness for the reconstruction of the old city, loosening up on the new town development;
3) the reclamation is not only very costly, but also causing some negative effects on the eco-environment; 4) the problem
of the protection of the farmlands against wasting should be seriously; 5) the development and the landuse for the construction
in Hong Kong should be considered with the relationship with the inland, especially Guangdong Province; 6) fully use the convenient
condition of the territorial linkage of the city with the mainland, further to bring the role of the Shenzhen Special Economic
Zone into fully play for solving the landuse problems in the development of Hong Kong.
The author is very grateful to Dr. David K. Y. Chu and Dr. Roger Chan for their comments and to Professor Gu Chaolin and Mr.
Hu Tianxin for their helps in data collection. 相似文献
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LAND RECLAMATION PROCESS IN NORTHEAST CHINA SINCE 1900 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Landuse/coverchange(LUCC)isafocalthemeandemergingissueinthestudyofglobalenvironmentalchange.Humanmodificationsandalterationstotheenvironmentcauseimpactsonthesurfaceoftheearth,threatenglobalsustainabilityandlivelihoodsystems,andcontributetochangeinthebiogeochemicalcyclesoftheearth,whichinturnaffectatmosphericlevelsofgreenhouseandothertracegases.ConsequentlytheInternationalGeosphere-BiosphereProgram(IGBP)andtheInternationalHumanDimensionsProgram(IHDP)initiatedLUCCProgramtodevelopabette… 相似文献