对《新疆库车地区早泥盆世早期牙形刺的发现》一文的讨论

<正> 王成源、张守安在《地层学杂志》12卷2期发表了《新疆库车地区早泥盆世早期牙形刺的发现》(简称《发现》)。笔者认为文中的牙形刺属种的时代是正确的,因原始材料失真,导致对地层时代判断有误,为了便于讨论问题,现将库车河东岸库车—独山子公路泥盆系剖面(图1)附上,剖面按岩性分为三段。下灰岩段(1-5层),厚度>933.6m;碎屑岩、硅质     

广西那坡三叉河海相泥盆纪生物地层

<正> 广西那坡县三叉河泥盆系剖面,位于那坡至靖西公路线的三叉河至平恩村,西北距那坡县城33公里,东南距靖西安德13公里。剖面所通过的岩层是其间一个古喀斯特溶洞陷落后的南缘(图1)。为了补充坡脚组和达莲塘组的接触关系,我们在剖面附近的照阳水库东侧,补测了一段坡脚组顶部和达莲塘组底部的剖面(图2)。综合上述二个剖面,其层序如下(图3)。     

塔里木北缘库车坳陷侏罗系阳霞组的双壳类化石及其时代

系统采集并研究了塔里木盆地北缘库车坳陷库车河剖面阳霞组的双壳动物化石，讨论了化石组合特点及其地质时代，根据化石组合面貌、岩性和沉积特征以及剖面结构，认为阳霞组的时代应为早侏罗世晚期，与北缰地区的三工河组相当。     

南天山库车冲断褶皱带构造变形时间——以库车河地区为例

本文利用野外调查结果、二维地震反射剖面、钻井和测井数据建立了一条横穿库车河地区的南北向构造剖面,将库车冲断褶皱带划分为北部褶皱带、克依构造带、秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带。作者在库车冲断褶皱带北部发现了渐新世—中新世角度不整合,在库车南部亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜顶部发现了构造生长地层,通过确定构造生长地层的底界,利用库车河地区古近系(下第三系)—第四系磁极柱,判断亚肯背斜和东秋立塔格背斜构造生长地层的沉积时代为5.2±0.2 Ma。上述结果暗示库车冲断褶皱带北部山前带的变形始于渐新世,并且经历了中新世、上新世的构造改造,南部秋立塔格背斜带和亚肯背斜带形成较晚,可能是上新世开始变形,而且变形活动持续至今,由此看来库车冲断褶皱带的变形时代由北向南变新。作者估算东秋立塔格背斜上新世以来(5.2±0.2 Ma)的构造变形量为7.5 km,变形速率为1.5 mm/a。     

木札尔特河上游发现大量动物化石

木札尔特河剖面横贯西南天山,北起昭苏县夏塔乡,南至温宿县破城子煤矿.剖面全长约100km,西邻托木尔峰和汉腾格里峰,其地质地理位置十分重要.70年代后期新疆地矿局第一区调大队沿该河曾进行过1:1万比例尺剖面测量,中国科学院托木尔峰科学考察队在该区也曾进行过路线地质调查,他们在该区均划出了前寒武系、志留-泥盆系及石炭系.由于剖面上缺乏古生物化石依据,致使对该区地层层序和构造性质认识不一.1990年6月至9月新疆地质矿产局地质矿产研究所天山剖面研究队重新沿南北木札尔特河进行了综合地质剖面研究,首次在木札尔特河上游冰河两侧的碳酸盐岩地层中采到十分丰富的动物化石,其中     

新疆库车大峡谷地质公园资源调查评价

位于古代西域之龟兹国所在地的新疆库车大峡谷地质公园,地貌极具科学价值和视觉震憾力,其中的大小龙池是南天山不可多得的高山湖泊景观;库车河剖面是横跨天山的梦幻之道,是南天山造山带的天然博物馆;著名的西域冶炼中心,是南天山的聚宝盆.公园蕴含塞上风光、戊边道与商旅、佛教遗址交织的古龟兹文明绚丽夺目,它与公园内的地质遗迹景观紧密联系,相映成辉.     

中新生代天山剥蚀与塔里木盆地北缘沉积耦合过程:新疆库车河剖面的低温热年代学证据

天山造山带中新生代快速剥露对于了解天山构造演化过程意义重大.然而,人们对于中新生代精确的冷却时间还一直存在争议.本文报道了塔里木盆地北缘库车河剖面中生界砂岩中碎屑磷灰石裂变径迹数据和早二叠世流纹岩热史演化模拟结果. 热年代学年龄趋势显示碎屑磷灰石裂变径迹的主要年龄组分为143.0~148.9 Ma和35.7~38.1 Ma,其中较年轻的组分已经完全重置,揭示了库车坳陷的剥露信息. 热史模拟结果显示了160~140 Ma的快速冷却事件. 结合库车河剖面前人的碎屑锆石U-Pb和重矿物数据,笔者认为欧亚南缘拉萨地体的拼贴是通过刚性的塔里木将挤压应力传递至天山,导致其在晚侏罗世?早白垩世强烈隆升剥蚀,大量碎屑被搬运沉积在塔里木盆地北缘,造成库车坳陷中广泛发育的早白垩世亚格列木组砾岩及其与晚侏罗世地层之间的角度不整合. 在欧亚板块南缘多块体持续拼贴的远程效应下,天山经历始新世快速隆升变形,变形持续向南扩展,导致库车坳陷在晚始新世遭受变形和抬升.      

库车坳陷东部晚白垩世古隆起及构造应力场恢复

库车坳陷东部具有丰富的油气资源,其构造变形机制与南天山造山带密切相关。综合采用露头共轭节理及白垩系残余厚度分布,分析了库车坳陷东部晚白垩世古隆起特征及构造应力场属性。吐格尔明、克孜勒努尔沟、库车河、卡普沙良河、吉迪克以及库车河西6条剖面的共轭节理分析表明,库车坳陷东部新生代构造挤压应力为NNW-SSE向,而中生代的构造挤压应力为NE-SW向。原型盆地恢复显示,库车坳陷白垩纪的沉积中心大致位于大北1井―吐北2井―克拉2井一线,且发育秋里塔格―新和―牙哈―提尔根古隆起带,白垩系原始沉积厚度总体上北厚南薄。在晚白垩世区域抬升剥蚀的构造背景下,坳陷东部受压隆升遭受剥蚀,白垩系残余厚度减薄,呈西厚东薄的趋势。位于坳陷东部的吐格尔明背斜在石炭纪―三叠纪为一个长期存在的继承性沉积古隆起,晚白垩世进一步隆升形成构造古隆起,背斜周缘的白垩系残余厚度进一步减薄。吐格尔明背斜和背斜周缘白垩系残余厚度等值线以及库北1井和库车河剖面周缘白垩系残余厚度等值线的长轴方向均为NW-SE向,进一步证实了库车坳陷东部晚白垩世的构造应力为NE-SW向。库车坳陷东部晚白垩世古隆起与构造应力场属性主要与特提斯造山带中地体增生和拼贴作用导致的特提斯北缘盆地群中发生的区域性抬升有关。     

四川龙门山泥盆系北川桂溪—沙窝子剖面研究进展

<正> 龙门山区涪江支流平通河两岸的北川桂溪—沙窝子村之间(图1)泥盆系剖面出露良好,全长约13km,厚度达4700m,地层连续,层序清楚,化石分带明显而稳定,是我国泥盆系重要标准剖面之一。该剖面研究历史悠久。解放后,为适应矿产普查和地质填图进行了大规模研究。1956年乐森(王寻)从生物地层观点将龙门山泥盆系自下而上划分为:下泥盆统平驿铺石英砂岩、甘溪组;中泥盆统养马坝组、观雾山石灰岩;上泥盆统沙窝子白云岩、茅坝组。大部分地层单元名称取自该剖面。     

晚新生代天山隆升与库车坳陷构造转换的沉积约束

对库车坳陷库车河剖面不同尺度沉积碎屑组分的系统分析发现 ,晚第三纪以来类磨拉石及其中不稳定碎屑矿物组合开始发育 ,并在中新世后发生显著增加。沉积体系研究表明 ,库车坳陷自白垩纪以来粗粒冲积体系前锋、沉积中心逐步向南迁移 ;但该规律自上新世开始发生了明显转变 ,表现为上新世库车组、上 -更新世西域组冲积体系整体大尺度南移 ,而沉积中心则相对北移 ,盆地北部沉积边界与现存盆山边界大致可以对比 ,并受到南倾同沉积正断裂的控制。对比天山区域构造、古气候演变资料 ,认为上述沉积记录是晚新生代强烈挤压应力作用下天山构造隆升加剧 ,并在上新世以后由于重力作用诱发库车坳陷 -天山浅部构造层伸展、坍塌的结果。对这一构造转换的认识修订了库车坳陷新生代构造调整的序列。     

广西六景泥盆纪吉维阶-弗拉斯阶界线层牙形石生物地层

广西六景泥盆系剖面是我国泥盆系标准剖面之一 ,通过对其吉维阶 -弗拉斯阶界线上下地层进行详细的牙形石生物地层研究 ,自上而下识别出 12个牙形石带 :Palmatolepis jamieae带、Palmatolepis hassi带、Palmatolepispunctata带、Palmatolepistransitans带、上 Mesotaxisfalsiovalis带、下 Mesotaxisfalsiovalis带、Klapperina dispar-ilis带、上 Schmidtognathus hermanni- Polygnathus cristatus带、下 Schmidtognathus hermanni- Polygnathus cristatus带、上 Polygnathus varcus带、中 Polygnathus varcus带、下 Polygnathus varcus带。吉维阶 -弗拉斯阶界线 (即中 -上泥盆统界线 )由 Ancyrodella binodosa→ Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form→ Ancyrodella rotundiloba late form这一演化线系中的 Ancyrodella rotundiloba early form的首次出现确定 ,处于下 Mesotaxis falsiovalis带下部 ,在谷闭组底界之上 1.80 m处。     

滇西保山熊洞村栗柴坝组牙形石的发现及其地质意义

针对保山地层区熊洞剖面原属栗柴坝组的灰岩进行了牙形石样品分析,总计建立了5个牙形石带,分别为Pterospathodus pennatus procerus带、Kockelella walliseri带、Ancoradella ploeckensis带、Polygnathoides siluricus带和Polygnathus nothoperbonus带。该剖面第8层原属栗柴坝组,Polygnathus nothoperbonus分子的出现证实其为下泥盆统埃姆斯阶的地层,应归为向阳寺组。剖面总体对应志留系温洛克统底部到下泥盆统埃姆斯阶中部,中间缺失志留系罗德洛统卢德福特阶—下泥盆统埃姆斯阶之间的8～10个标准牙形石带,说明该地区后期可能受构造作用影响,志留系和泥盆系界线为断层接触。该剖面牙形石序列的建立一定程度上完善了滇西保山地层区志留系生物地层的研究程度,为下一步该区生物地层格架的建立奠定了基础。     

A Middle-Upper Devonian Boundary Section in the Open Platform,Platform Margin Facies of Guilin,South China

The Caiziyan Middle and Upper Devonian boundary section is located approximately 30 km northeast of Guilin.It hosts relatively abundant benthic and common-rare pelagic fossils,including brachiopods,corals,tentaculites,and conodonts,which may serve as a better suitable section for pelagic and neritic stratigraphic correlation.In this section,10"standard"conodont zones are recognized across the Givetian-Frasnian boundary,including,in descending order,the Lower hassi Zone,punctata Zone,transitans Zone,the U...     

New Data on the Age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation at Liujing, Guangxi, South China

The age of the Yukiang (Yujiang) Formation has been shrouded in controversy for more than 75 years. New investigation at the Liujing section, Hengxian County, Guangxi, has revealed a conodont sequence assignable to two Early Devonian conodont zonations: the Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone and the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone from oldest to youngest. The Gaoling and Mahuangling members of the Nahkaoling (Nagaoling) Formation and the overlying Xiayiling Member and lower part of the Shizhou Member of the Yukiang Formation are proven to belong to the Pragian Eognathodus kindlei?–Polygnathus pireneae Zone. The co-occurrence of Polygnathus pireneae and Pol. sokolovi in the lower part of the Shizhou Member demonstrates that this interval can be approximately correlated with the uppermost part of the Polygnathus pireneae Zone. However, precise level identification of the Pragian–Emsian Boundary (PEB) in the Liujing section remains dfficult due to the scarcity of suitable limestone samples for conodont analysis from the middle and upper parts of the Shizhou Member. The Daliancun and Liujing members of the Yukiang Formation and the lower part of the overlying Moding Formation are assigned to the Polygnathus nothoperbonus Zone with the nominal species of this biozone ranging from the bottom of the Daliancun Member to the lower part of the Moding Formation.     

滇西南耿马地区泥盆纪牙形石的发现

在耿马东部大龙塘等地的硅质岩系中新发现大量牙形石，可建立两个牙形石带：Palmatolepis gigas带、Palmatolepis triangularis带。此套含牙形石硅质岩系的时代属于晚泥盆世弗拉斯阶—法门阶，对比为曼信组。     

Biostratigraphy and Sedimentary Settings of the Middle Devonian Succession of the Yuryung-Tumus Peninsula,Khatanga Gulf of the Laptev Sea

The age of the Paleozoic sedimentary successions of the Yuryung-Tumus Peninsula in the Khatanga Gulf is determined as Middle Devonian, late Eifelian, and the beginning of the early Givetian on the basis of the study of brachiopods, ammonoids, nautiloids, bactritoids, gastropods, and conodonts, and in the terminology of the standard conodont succession, these deposits are not older than the late Eifelian Tortodus kockelianus Zone, but include the terminal Eifelian Polygnathus ensensis Zone and the first Givetian Polygnathus hemiansatus Zone and are no younger than the beginning of the early Givetian Polygnathus varcus Zone. The Middle Devonian sedimentary successions of the Yuryung-Tumus Peninsula show the level of the global sedimentary Ka?ak Event. The areas of distribution of the Devonian sedimentary deposits in the Yuryung-Tumus Peninsula in the Khatanga Gulf should be considered as one of the fragments of the regional geological structures of a remote (isolated?) region of the Taymyr Fold System rather than a component of the structures of the northern Siberian Platform.     

晚白垩世中国东南沿岸山系与中南地区的沙漠和盐湖化

晚白垩世在中国东南沿古太平洋西岸地区形成了一条巨大的沿岸山系，其山峰高度在３５００—４０００ｍ之间，东西宽度近５００ｋｍ，挡住了东来的暖湿气流，使中南地区云梦泽内陆水域的广大平原和丘陵地变成了一个热带—亚热带干旱、炎热的半沙漠和盐湖地区，这一古地理和古气候格局一直持续到早第三纪末才开始改变。     

A Middle–Upper Devonian Boundary Section in the Open Platform,Platform Margin Facies of Guilin, South China

Abstract: The Caiziyan Middle and Upper Devonian boundary section is located approximately 30 km northeast of Guilin. It hosts relatively abundant benthic and common–rare pelagic fossils, including brachiopods, corals, tentaculites, and conodonts, which may serve as a better suitable section for pelagic and neritic stratigraphic correlation. In this section, 10 “standard” conodont zones are recognized across the Givetian–Frasnian boundary, including, in descending order, the Lower hassi Zone, punctata Zone, transitans Zone, the Upper falsiovalis Zone, the Lower falsiovalis Zone, disparilis Zone, the Upper hermanni–cristatus Zone, the Lower hermanni–cristatus Zone, the Upper varcus Zone, and the Middle varcus Zone, all of which are defined by the first occurrence of their defining conodont species. The Middle–Upper Devonian (Givetian–Frasnian) boundary is defined by the first occurrence of Ancyrodella pristina in accordance with the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), which is assigned at 6.2m above the base of bed 19 in the Caiziyan section.     

Hypersaline and anoxia in the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian transition :Molecular fossil and mineralogical evidence from Guangxi ,South China

Abundant normal alkanes, isoprenoid hydrocarbons, terpanes and steranes were detected in 23 samples taken from the carbonate platform to basin facies in the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) transition of Guangxi, South China. They were mainly derived from the phytoplankton or bacteria and algae. Molecular stratigraphic parameters, abundant micron gypsums and pyrite framboids show that hypersaline and anoxia prevailed in the F-F transition, the highly stressed environments occurred near the F-F boundary. Orbital cyclostratigraphic studies indicate that the hypersaline and anoxia prevailed in the F-F transition spanned an interval at least from the Palmatolepis linguiformis conodont Zone to the Middle Palmatolepis triangularis conodont Zone and lasted about 1.2 Ma. The Devonian marine ecosystem underwent Early Devonian gradual optimization, Middle Devonian to the F-F transitional stepwise deterioration and late Famennian recovery. A positive feedback among higher surface ocean temperatures, hypersaline, water column anoxia, enhanced nutrient regeneration, phytoplankton productivity and eutrophication was probably substantial in the F-F transition in Guangxi, South China, even in other regions of the world, such as Holy Cross Mountains of Poland, Montagne Noire in southern France, Alberta in Canada. The point that should be emphasized is that the decisive and direct causes of the F-F transitional mass extinction would be the stepwise deterioration of the marine ecosystem since the Middle Devonian other than a bolide impact on the earth. The hypersaline and anoxia prevailed in the F-F transition favor the formation and preservation of hydrocarbon source rocks in South China.     

新疆西准噶尔晚泥盆世法门晚期菊石动物群的发现及其意义

首次在新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘和什托洛盖以北地区的晚泥盆世法门晚期地层中发现板海神石及大型弓海神石菊石动物。板海神石动物群由Platyclymenia （Pl.） subnautilina （Sandberger）、Sporadoceras sp.和Prionoceras frechi （Wedekind）等分子组成;可能与Annulata事件有关。弓海神石动物群中Protactoclymenia sp.和Cyrtoclymeniasp.以壳体硕大为显著特征,直径可达20cm。这些菊石可与西欧晚泥盆世标准菊石带第Ⅳ带的菊石组合进行对比（相当于牙形石Upper trachytera至Lower expansa带）,而且在区域上的分布具有一定的稳定性,尤其是弓海神石动物群,其产出层位可作为和什托洛盖以北地区地层对比的标志层。