石墨炉电热原子化激光激发原子荧光光谱分析技术

本文对石墨炉电热原子化激光激发原子荧光光谱的原理和实验装置作了简介，并简要评述这一新技术的研究现状和发展趋势。     

氢化物发生原子荧光法和无火焰原子荧光法连续测定地球化学样品中…

建立了一种连续测定Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ｈｇ四元素的方法，对测汞用还原剂及几种测量体系进行了比较，采用对原子化器适当加温的无火焰原子荧光法测汞，以ＫＭｎＯ４消除Ｔｅ、Ｓｅ对汞测定的干扰。本方法Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｂｉ、Ｈｇ四元素的检出限分别为２．０１×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍｌ１．５６×１０＾－１０ｇ／ｍｌ、２．９８×１０６－１０ｇ／ｍｌ；４．２×１０＾－１１ｇ／ｍｌ；对ＧＳＳＩ平行测定１１欠，Ｈｇ的标准偏差为２．     

LMA—3型激光微量物质分析仪

ＬＭＡ－３型激光微量物质分析仪是用小型封闭式紫外脉冲激光器做激发光源，根据激光－时间分辨荧光分析原理设计的一种通用型微量物质分析仪器，仪器由激光器系统和测量系统两部分组成，适用于发光寿命在１μｓ－１０ｍｓ的物质测量，该仪器灵敏度高、选择好、操作简单，有较好 的稳定性和可靠性，检出下限可达１０＾－１３ｇ／ｍｌ，在１×１０＾－１０－２×１０＾－８ｇ／ｍｌ量级测量时ＲＳＤ在５％－１０％范围。     

LMA－3型激光微量物质分析仪

ＩＭＡ－３型激光微量物质分析仪是用小型封闭式紫外脉冲激光器做激发光源，根据激光－时间分辨荧光分析原理设计的一种通用型微量物质分析仪器。仪器由激光器系统和测量系统两部分组成，适用于发光寿命在１μｓ～１０ｍｓ的物质测量。该仪器灵敏度高、选择性好、操作简单、有较好的稳定性和可靠性，检出下限可达１０￣（－１３）ｇ／ｍｌ（Ｅｕ）．在１×１０￣（－１０）～２×１０￣（－８）ｇ／ｍｌ量级测量时ＲＳＤ在５％～１０％范围。     

仪器残留物对氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定硒和碲的影响探讨

用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)分析地矿样品时,在仪器反应块、传输管路和原子化器上会有残留物生成,这些残留物中的某些成分积累到一定量时就会显著地影响硒和碲的测定.本文在分析HG-AFS法测定硒和碲干扰情况的基础上,用高纯物质配制的标准系列进行试验,避免了共存成分的影响.通过比较在仪器反应块、传输管路和原子化器更换前后标准系列的测定结果,表明仪器残留物会对硒、碲测定产生影响.对一些反应块、传输管路和原子化器的溶出物进行分析,发现钛、铜、砷、锑和铋会影响硒、碲的测定灵敏度和标准系列线性相关系数,这些元素也是文献中提到的共存成分中的干扰元素.通过更换仪器相应配件,克服了仪器残留物的影响,硒、碲的灵敏度有不同程度的提高,标准系列测试结果质量明显改善,线性相关系数均在0.9995以上.本研究认为对仪器残留物成分的分析是控制原子荧光光谱法干扰的一种有效手段.     

用原子吸收光谱法测定地质试料中的微量锡

为了用原子吸收光谱法测定地质试料中的锡,研究了一种迅速而灵敏的方法。该方法是把生成氢化物和加热石英原子化结合使用,或把溶剂萃取和碳管原子化结合使用。普通硅酸盐岩石和沉积物是用高氯酸、硝酸和氢氟酸的混合物分解,并用稀盐酸和草酸溶解。氢化锡是与1％的四硼酸钠和0.6M盐酸在一种自动氢化物发生器中反应生成的,并将其输送至石英原子化器中。溶剂萃取和碳管原子化器相结合的方法可适用大量干扰元素和(或)耐熔锡矿物的试样。在这种情况下,试样用混合酸分解或用碳酸钠和硼酸熔融。用醋酸丁酯生成锡三辛磷氢化物(TOPO)的络合物的方法,可将锡从含40mg氯化铝,浓度为2.4M的盐酸溶液中萃取出来。有机溶剂中的锡则用碳管原子化器测定。在锡的检测中,利用生成氢化物和石英槽原子化器时其检测极限为0.1ppm;利用碳管原子化器和溶剂萃取时,其检测极限为0.4ppm(即试样的0.5g)。锡含量高于0.5ppm时,其相对标准偏差低于14％。上述方法可满意地应用于大量地质参照试样的分析。     

激光热透镜光度法测定蔬菜样品中前量铅

报导了激光热透镜光谱法测定痕量铅的方法研究，探讨了测定铅的各种影响因素。结果表明，以四氯化碳作为溶剂介质，方法灵敏度比分光光度法高２个数量级。铅含量在２－１０ｎｇ／ｇｍＬ范围与热透镜信号强度呈良好线性关系，检发为０．４ｎｇ／ｍＬ，并已用于蔬菜样品中痕量铅的测定。     

激光遥感及其应用简介

美国国家宇航局、加拿大遥感中心自下70年代以来,一直在研制激光遥感器,近年来已取得了一些重大的进展,如研制出激光测深仪、激光荧光传感器、激光雷达、海洋里达等.R.M.Measures建议将激光遥感器统称为里达(Lidar:Light DetectionAnd Ranging),为“光学检测及测距”之意.激光遥感为主动遥感方式.它从空间传感器向地表或海面发射激光脉冲,同时接收从目标物返回的散射波束,经接收透镜的光学处理(光谱分析及图象检测)和数据处理后.记录在9-道磁带上(数字的或模拟的).用于遥感的激光波长可从紫外段到近红外波段,其主要光谱特征是脉冲具有高峰能量.工作波段极窄(单色光).脉冲宽度极短,传播方向性极好(光束发散度低)等.故激光遥感数据的应用都是定量的.     

图像处理技术在地质灾害监测中的应用

三维激光微位移监测技术是一种对地质灾害进行长期监测的新方法。该技术用激光作为光源，用CCD摄像器作为镜头，通过图象采集卡把视频信号采入计算机中，用与该仪器配套的专门软件对采集到的光斑图像进行处理，计算出光斑的三维中心坐标值，把该值和原点坐标值进行比较，就可以算出灾害体滑动的距离。该系统可以对灾害体进行长期、非接触监测，监测时间、监测频率可以任意设定。文章概括介绍该监测的原理，各个组成部分，重点介绍软件部分，即采集的视频信号进入计算机后的图像处理过程和数据库结构。该监测系统已在三块地区试运行了3个月，效果较好。     

等温平台石墨炉(STPF)原子吸收法直接测定化探样品中的痕量镉

在地球化学中,镉是重要的指示元素之一,要求可靠地报出0.0x ppm含量。虽然用石墨炉原子吸收可测定痕量镉,但由于管壁原子化时间和空间的非等温特性致使基体影响非常严重,背景值很大而难于用氘灯准确地加以校正。 为解决管壁原子化时间及空间的非等温特性问题,L’vov提出了石墨炉平台原子化技术。Slavin等在此基础上又提出了     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861