北部湾海风锋暴雨气候特征分析

利用常规观测数据、地面自动气象资料及欧洲数值模式格点数据,对1990～2007年广西暖区暴雨过程的时空分布特征、主要影响系统进行统计分析,并重点就由于中-β尺度对流系统海风锋系统所引发的暖区暴雨天气过程个例进行了综合分析,首次指出海风锋系统作为一个中尺度系统,是触发北部湾暖区暴雨的一个重要中-β尺度系统,并归纳出北部湾海风锋暴雨海风锋系统环流配置的主要特征,得到概念模型。     

哈尔滨地区一次暴雨过程的中尺度扰动分析

利用逐日NCEP/NCAR位势高度场资料,通过Barnes带通滤波对哈尔滨地区2004年7月2日暴雨过程中高度场进行尺度分离。结果表明Barnes带通滤波方法能很好地得到常规资料不易分析出的中尺度天气系统,并分析出中尺度扰动与暴雨落区有很好的对应关系。     

京津冀大暴雨个例中尺度诊断分析

利用NCEP再分析资料、地面加密降水资料、雷达资料,采用Shuman-Shapiro滤波方案对2005年8月16日京津冀大暴雨的大尺度流场和中尺度系统进行诊断分析。分析表明：暴雨发生在高低空流场及中低纬系统配置非常有利的天气背景下,是多种尺度天气系统相互作用的结果;在对流性不稳定层结中,冷空气沿等熵面侵入到中尺度辐合系统中,激发了中尺度低涡的迅速发展,在孟加拉湾和南海源源不断输送的水汽配合下,导致了暴雨的发生;中β尺度对流雨团发生在滤波后1000hPa等压面的低涡中心北侧和850hPa中α尺度辐合线南侧,呈现暖式切变的降雨特征。     

贵州初夏两次暖区暴雨的对比分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°格点再分析资料和FY 2D卫星红外云图云顶亮温TBB资料,对贵州2008年5月25—26日(简称08.05)和2010年6月28—29日(简称10.06)初夏两次暖区暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,探讨两次暴雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明：暖区暴雨形成时,地面均为热低压控制,地面辐合线加强触发暖区暴雨发生;850 hPa低空急流明显加强,暴雨区位于低空急流左前侧。所不同的是：两次暴雨过程中高层影响天气系统不同,08.05暴雨中层影响系统为高原槽,10.06暴雨中层影响系统为两高切变低涡,高层为南亚高压脊。08.05暴雨过程中,多个β中尺度对流单体独立发展逐渐合并为一个α中尺度对流系统,对流云发展旺盛、伸展高度较高、具有混合相层和暖云层剖面结构,属于积状云为主的混合降水。10.06暴雨,经历了两次β中尺度对流系统的发展和减弱,对流云团呈东北—西南向的带状和椭圆状,对流发展高度较低,具有深厚的暖云层,回波在暴雨区持续时间较长,属于层状云和积状云混合降水。通过对两次暴雨触发机制讨论得出,贵州暖区暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的低空急流的建立和加强以及地面低压中辐合线的加强锋生。     

利用尺度分离方法分析湖北省“98·7”暴雨

首先用Barnes方法从探空资料中分析出次天气尺度系统,再分析暴雨过程中次天气尺度系统与中尺度云团发生、发展和消亡的关系。结果表明:中尺度云团与次天气尺度系统的关系比天气尺度系统更密切,由此揭示了次天气尺度系统对强降水落     

贵州初夏两次暖区暴雨的对比分析

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°格点再分析资料和FY-2D卫星红外云图云顶亮温TBB资料,对贵州2008年5月25—26日(简称08.05)和2010年6月28—29日(简称10.06)初夏两次暖区暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,探讨两次暴雨发生发展的天气学条件差异。结果表明:暖区暴雨形成时,地面均为热低压控制,地面辐合线加强触发暖区暴雨发生;850 hPa低空急流明显加强,暴雨区位于低空急流左前侧。所不同的是:两次暴雨过程中高层影响天气系统不同,08.05暴雨中层影响系统为高原槽,10.06暴雨中层影响系统为两高切变低涡,高层为南亚高压脊。08.05暴雨过程中,多个β中尺度对流单体独立发展逐渐合并为一个α中尺度对流系统,对流云发展旺盛、伸展高度较高、具有混合相层和暖云层剖面结构,属于积状云为主的混合降水。10.06暴雨,经历了两次β中尺度对流系统的发展和减弱,对流云团呈东北—西南向的带状和椭圆状,对流发展高度较低,具有深厚的暖云层,回波在暴雨区持续时间较长,属于层状云和积状云混合降水。通过对两次暴雨触发机制讨论得出,贵州暖区暴雨预报应着眼于影响贵州的低空急流的建立和加强以及地面低压中辐合线的加强锋生。     

西南涡区域暴雨的中尺度滤波分析

利用常规观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,采用Barnes带通滤波器,对2010年7月14-18日以及2012年7月3-5日西南涡引发的暴雨天气过程进行了中尺度滤波分析。结果表明,选取恰当的滤波参数,Barnes带通滤波器能够选出含西南涡在内的中尺度天气系统。对西南涡发生、发展、分裂和东移4个阶段的流场进行中尺度滤波分析发现,中尺度滤波可以更好地刻画西南区域的中尺度环流特征。对滤波后资料的螺旋度诊断计算表明,螺旋度的大值区有利于强对流系统以及低涡生成和发展。局地垂直螺旋度的正、负值中心分布可以较好地反映降水落区,雨区发生在局地垂直螺旋度正、负中心之间的梯度大值东侧;降水强度的变化与积分垂直螺旋度量值的变化对应较好。垂直局地螺旋度和积分垂直螺旋度对暴雨的落区和强弱变化有很好的指示意义。     

2014年“5.8”广东大暴雨中尺度特征分析

利用NCEP/NCAR的1°×1°再分析资料、地面常规观测、FY-2E卫星TBB资料,对2014年5月8—9日发生在华南南部的一次暖区暴雨过程进行了研究。得出以下结论:1)第1阶段暴雨发生变性高压脊后部,未受冷空气影响,属于华南典型的回流暖区暴雨过程,第2阶段在东路弱冷空气的触发下再次产生暴雨,属于非典型回流暖区暴雨。2)1个中α尺度MCC和1个中β尺度MCS是该次广东大暴雨直接制造者,其中MCS-D在广西境内生成并逐渐东移,多个对流系统的并入延长了MCS-D的生命史,最后形成中α尺度MCC。3)东南气流是该次暴雨的主要水汽来源,中层小股干冷空气侵入,高层强烈辐散、深厚的上升运动的配置条件有利于中尺度对流系统发展和维持。4)区域自动站风场资料分析表明,夜间陆风(偏北风)与加强的东南风在112.5°E附近的汇合,可能触发了中尺度对流系统MβCS-H的生成。     

吉林省重大暴雨过程评估方法研究

应用Barnes滤波原理,构建合适的带通滤波器,获取了中尺度信息,对2005年7月21～24日台风"海棠"登陆后与中纬度系统相互作用给河南省造成的暴雨过程进行了分析.结果表明:在台风外围大尺度气旋性环流中,中尺度低压、中尺度辐合线和辐合区是此次暴雨的直接影响系统;台风低压移近后,与西太平洋副高之间气压梯度加大,可以在副高西南侧形成东南风低空急流,东南急流的形成促使中尺度系统加强和发展;干冷空气自对流层中层向低层伸展,与低层的暖湿气流交汇,使对流和暴雨加强.     

广西特大暴雨过程中两类中尺度系统的模式预报能力研究

针对2008年6月12日广西特大暴雨个例,利用华南野外试验获得的高时空分辨率资料,采用Barnes滤波方法,分离了其中的中尺度系统。对比雷达观测资料和模式模拟结果,发现在不同的降水阶段,造成暴雨的中尺度系统类型不同。暖湿气流中的中尺度涡旋造成了对流降水,冷暖空气交汇带上的中尺度涡旋增强了层积混合降水。通过滤波前后包含不同尺度信息的初值进行模式积分,发现基流稳定的暖湿气流中的弱扰动,不能通过模式积分过程产生,基流变化较大的冷暖空气交汇带上的中尺度扰动,可以通过模式积分产生,AREM模式对不同类型的中尺度系统具有不同的预报能力。      

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.