广州台测震数字记录与模拟记录对比研究

利用广州地震台测震数字记录资料与模拟记录资料，对数字记录的震相到时、震级、地震波形清晰度、连续率与模拟记录进行对比分析，结果显示，数字记录与模拟记录的震相到时、震级差别不大，而地震波形清晰度、连续率则数字记录优于模拟记录。     

新疆巴楚地震台数字与模拟观测测定震级的对比

近几年，新疆的数字地震台相继建成并正逐步取代过去一直运行的模拟地震台。在测定同一地震震级时，发现数字地震观测系统测定的震级与模拟地震观测系统测定的震级出现偏差。鉴于两类观测资料的一致性会直接影响到地震科研预报工作的连续性，新疆地震局有关部门要求全疆数字台站对数字系统与模拟系统测定的震级进行对比研究。     

数字与模拟观测系统测定地方震震级偏差研究

选用佛子岭地震台2008年9月至2009年8月记录的607个地方震事件,利用数字与模拟观测系统,对同一地震事件数字与模拟记录震级进行统计,做回归分析,计算两者偏差值,从震级偏差频次分布、震级偏差与震中距关系出发,比较差异性。结果表明,数字记录震级与模拟记录震级线性相关显著,经过拟合公式校正,固定常数校正和震中距校正,数字记录震级与模拟记录震级一致性较好。     

太原基准地震台震相分析在数字地震观测中的应用

以太原基准地震台数字观测记录的地震波形为基础,对不同类型地震所出现的震相从到时、周期、先后次序等方面进行了对比分析,对台站一线的观测人员在震相的准确判别,提高地震定位精度方面,有实际的指导意义。     

基于重力观测的巴颜喀拉块体强震震级模拟分析

以内蒙古乌加河地震台的连续重力观测资料为基础,应用PET重力仪采样率较高的特点,分析了PET相对重力仪与JCZ-1甚宽带地震仪的波形相关关系及同震形变物理特征。通过模拟分析乌加河地震台PET相对重力仪记录到巴颜喀拉块体周围发生的6次7级以上强地震的同震P波、S波及面波与震中距离、震级的相关关系,得出一般震级模型、地应力波模型和S波P波幅度比模型公式。通过计算3种震级模型理论震级与实际震级的误差及相关系数R值,得到理论震级与实测震级标准误差达到0.04,R值达到0.99,验证了模型的可靠性。对比分析理论震级与实际震级的误差与R值,揭示同震形变波形蕴含地球动力特征的物理机制。      

乌鲁木齐遥测台网震级与乌鲁木齐地震台震级相关分析

选取乌鲁木齐地震台和克拉玛依地震台震级资料为标准样本，分析对比了遥测数字台网与模拟遥测地震台的震级相关性，求出乌鲁木齐遥测地震台网各子台震级与标准样本震级的回归方程，给出了标准样本震级与子台震级的换算值。     

BBVS-120型甚宽频带数字地震计典型地震波形记录特征

对太原基准地震台BBVS-120型甚宽频带地震计记录的不同震中距及不同类型天然地震和非天然地震波形进行分析和对比,结果表明,该地震计能够清晰记录近震、远震、极远震及爆破、塌陷等震相,对各类地震具有较好的监测能力,基本实现全频带观测,可为获得丰富的震相资料并提升地震台监测能力及速报质量,提供技术保障。     

库尔勒国家数字地震台近震震级偏差分析

分析库尔勒国家数字地震台2013年1月至2014年12月测定的1 403个近震事件,与新疆地震台网发布的地震目录事件进行对比,计算二者的震级偏差值,并从震级、震中距及方位角等分析二者之间的关系。结果发现,随着地震震级的逐渐增大,震级偏差也随着增大;震级偏差与震中距之间也存在着一些联系。     

山西省数字台网与模拟台网震级的对比研究

统计分析了山西省数字地震台网考核运行 3个月以来的记录地震的震级情况 ,将两套人机交互处理系统 (泰德和港震系统 )测定的速度震级及港震系统仿真后 (DD— 1)测得的位移震级 ,与山西省模拟台网 (即大同、太原、临汾、长治 9个模拟人工值守台 )所测定的位移震级进行了对比 ,研究了它们之间的相关程度、一致性、差异性 ,得出港震系统与泰德系统测定的速度震级与模拟震级、数字系统仿真 (DD— 1)后测定的位移震级与模拟震级相关系数均在 0 .940以上 ,相关性较好的结论     

关于震级误差成因的初步分析

就地震观测工作中的震级误差问题做了初步探讨分析,指出影响震级误差的原因,不仅与地震观测仪器的频谱特性有关,还与震源辐射的能量谱、震源的应力状态和震源深度的不同以及地震波震相、频率等有关,并对如何减少震级误差提出了措施和建议。     

东、南洞庭湖的径流、泥沙特征及冲淤规律

通过实地调查并对1957年以来水文、泥沙观测资料做系统分析和计算,探讨东、南洞庭湖出、入湖水量、沙量的年际和年内变化特征,以及长江下荆江段裁弯对湖区径流和泥沙的影响。提出了湖区泥沙汛淤枯冲的变化规律及水位升降与湖区泥沙冲淤的关系;论证了丰、平、枯年湖区淤积严重,面积日益缩小对径流的调节作用正在减弱。     

燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究

为优化地磁观测条件，开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作；按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案，完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料；进行了野外实地勘察，磁场梯度的测量，确定了新测点，在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测；应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料，结果表明，新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性，并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。     

Temporal variations and scaling of streamflow and baseflow and their nitrate-nitrogen concentrations and loads

The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle.     

GIS与防灾减灾

地理信息系统(GIS)在我国已得到广泛的应用。在简要介绍G1S的发展历程、特点和发展趋势的基础上，重点从防灾减灾的角度介绍了GIS在气象灾害、地震灾害、地质灾害等领域的应用成果。     

Fault and system stiffnesses and stick-slip phenomena

Summary This paper discusses the influence of system stiffness on the dynamic instability of fault surfaces under laboratory conditions for a number of test modes. In conjunction with shear load stiffness, the normal load stiffness, often neglected, is shown to have a considerable effect on the stick-slip process —its presence or absence and its characteristics. Also appropriate stiffnesses are suggested for an earthquake sequence modeled as a growing dislocation.     

Correlation of foreshocks and aftershocks and asperities

A close correlation in spatial distribution of local seismic activity and energy release patterns before and after the 1979 Petatlan, Mexico earthquake suggests heterogeneity within the fault plane of this major low-angle thrust event associated with subduction along the Middle America Trench. A simple two-asperity model is proposed to account for the complexity. Foreshocks and aftershocks of the neighboring 1981 Playa Azul earthquake showed a similar pattern. As both events occurred at the junction of the Orozco Fracture Zone and the Middle America Trench, we speculate that the observed complex fault plane is caused by subduction of the rugged ocean floor of the Orozco Fracture Zone. Short-term precursory seismicity prior to the Petatlan earthquake can be explained by using the asperity model and migration of a slip front from the south-east to the north-west across the main shock source region.     

地震系统科技信息资源集成整合的探索与研究

本文探索了网络化环境下,利用现代化的信息技术,对地震科技信息资源集成整合以及共建共享等问题。     

Causes and solutions of overshoot and undershoot and end swing in Hilbert-Huang transform

Introduction Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is a great break in processing nonlinear and non-stationary data and can be successfully used in many science domains. There are mainly two parts in this method. The first part is to decompose the original data into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). IMF components are derived from the original data directly according to the local characteristics in the data under some rules, so that IMF are poste…     

石油双机(有机+无机)混合成因的研究与探索

石油与天然气的成因问题关系到我国乃至世界各国能源结构的配置及其能源在社会与经济发展中的地位和导向.自从17世纪展开对石油的有机与无机成因的争论以来,至今已有约300~400年的历史.尽管有机成因论占据了统治地位,但是无机成因论亦不断地在兴起!通过对这二者的理解和研究,从理论上讲他们都具有一定的物质基础和论据.基于对国内、外一些特异油田的生储环境,原油中所富含的微量金属元素的聚集与散失,某些油田中并未找到卟啉分子这样的生物标志物,碳、氢、氧化学合成实验等方面取得了一定的成效,故全盘否定无机生油的论点和论据确尚感为时过早或欠妥!显然,在以有机物成油为主体的前提下,无机物亦可生成部分石油,并通过运移、渗透到各油田的储集层中应是完全可能的.基于这样的分析、研究和探索,现提出石油的双机(a有机+b无机)混合成因的新理念.诚希能在今后的石油工业发展中,从理论、技术、实验和实践中强化对双机混合成因新理念的深化研究与探索,以达深切理解和扩展石油生、储空间环境等是不无裨益的!     

Advancements and best practices for analysis and correlation of tephra and cryptotephra in ice

Geochemical analysis of fine grained (<20 μm) tephra found in ice cores is inherently difficult, due to the typically low number and small size of available particles. Ice core tephra samples require specialized sample preparation techniques to maximize the amount of information that can be gained from these logistically limited samples that may provide important chronology to an ice record, as well as linking glacial, marine and terrestrial sediments. We have developed a flexible workflow for preparation of tephra and cryptotephra samples to allow accurate and robust geochemical fingerprinting, which is fundamental to tephrochronology. The samples can be prepared so that secondary electron imagery can be obtained for morphological characterization of the samples to ensure that the sample is tephra-bearing and then the sample can be further prepared for quantitative electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive techniques (EMP-WDS), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) or secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Some samples may be too small for typical instrumentation conditions to be used (i.e. 20 μm beam on the EMP) to analyze for geochemistry and we present other techniques that can be employed to obtain accurate, although less precise, geochemistry. Methods include analyzing unpolished tephra shards less than 5 μm in diameter with a 1 μm beam on an SEM; using the “broad beam overlap” EMP method on irregular particles less than 20 μm in diameter, and analyzing microlitic shards as well as aphyric shards using EMP to increase the number of analyzed shards in low abundance tephra layers. The methods presented are flexible enough to be employed in other geological environments (terrestrial, marine and glacial) which will help maximize and integrate multiple environments into the overall tephra framework.