电离层闪烁对卫星导航系统性能影响的仿真分析

电离层闪烁是影响卫星导航系统定位性能的重要因素之一。通过仿真方法对中国区域用户定位性能受电离层闪烁影响的情况进行分析研究。结合电离层闪烁模型、卫星导航接收机模型和用户定位算法,仿真了中国区域内卫星导航系统用户在电离层闪烁存在情况下的定位精度性能。仿真结果表明：电离层闪烁将引起用户接收机测量误差的增大,在受电离层闪烁影响严重的中国低纬地区,用户定位误差将有明显增大,严重时可能出现定位异常。     

电离层闪烁对GNSS的影响

电离层闪烁是影响卫星导航系统定位性能的重要因素之一。电离层闪烁可造成GNSS载噪比降低,测量误差增大,载波周跳次数增多,电离层修正精度降低,定位用精度因子变大等影响。中国南方区域是全球电离层闪烁多发区之一,电离层闪烁影响的时空范围和程度较大,是我国卫星导航应用应关注的问题。针对电离层闪烁影响,提出了我国卫星导航系统应用中可行的针对性减缓措施。     

两种电离层模型对卫星导航定位精度的影响分析

北斗卫星导航系统及全球定位系统等全球卫星导航系统电磁波信号在大气中传播会受到电离层延迟的影响,为满足导航用户需求,我国北斗卫星导航系统和美国全球定位系统均采用Klobuchar 8参数模型进行电离层延迟改正。但是全球定位系统Klobuchar模型和北斗卫星导航系统Klobuchar模型的电离层参数并不相同,分析不同导航系统发布的电离层参数精度对这两种双模导航定位中电离层参数的选择具有重要的研究意义。分别采用北斗卫星导航系统和全球定位系统电离层模型进行伪距单点定位,通过比较最终的定位精度从而对这两种不同模型在全球范围内的改正精度进行评价。研究结果表明:在中国区域内,采用北斗卫星导航系统模型的伪距单点定位精度较全球定位系统模型有较大提高;采用北斗卫星导航系统电离层参数更利于中国区域的全球卫星导航系统的导航定位。     

太阳风暴对全球导航卫星系统的影响分析

太阳风暴将对北斗卫星导航系统的正常运行产生影响。对即将到来的第24个太阳活动高年期间,北斗系统可能受到的影响进行了分析。电离层延迟误差将使北斗系统用户定位精度进一步降低。电离层闪烁发生更为频繁,对北斗系统性能产生影响,闪烁严重时用户甚至失去定位功能。太阳风暴引起的电离层扰动,如电离层暴,也将对北斗系统性能产生影响。针对北斗系统建设,提出了应采用的应对措施。     

不同时长的北斗精密单点定位精度分析

针对北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)在南海区域的服务性能问题,该文基于无电离层组合实现了BDS精密单点定位算法。基于在我国西沙采集的BDS观测数据,利用我国iGMAS的北斗轨道和钟差产品,分3个不同时长(0.5、2、24h)对我国北斗卫星导航系统在中国南海区域的定位精度进行了分析。从实验结果可知,利用北斗卫星导航系统已可实现我国南海区域的高精度定位。     

基于GPSTk的区域电离层TEC地图重构

电离层是影响卫星导航系统传输时延的重要因素之一,电离层总电子含量(TEC)地图重构是消除电离层传输时延的重要手段。GPSTk作为GPS数据处理的重要软件之一,可以满足区域电离层TEC地图的重构要求。本文针对GPSTk的特点,深入研究了GPSTk的电离层TEC计算原理、数据处理流程及具体的软件操作方法,该研究对基于GPS数据的电离层数据处理软件的研制具有一定的参考意义。     

BDS格网点电离层信息性能评估

电离层延迟是造成卫星导航系统误差的重要来源之一,因此,电离层延迟的修正精度直接影响用户定位精度．随着北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）全面服务亚太地区,用户对BDS高精度定位导航服务的需求日益迫切．同时BDS将基本导航服务和广域差分服务进行了一体化设计,为用户发布了高更新频率的格网点电离层信息,有效提升了用户的定位精度．本文利用2017年1月—2018年10月的数据对BDS格网点电离层信息的服务范围和服务精度进行评估,结果表明:格网点电离层信息有效覆盖区域基本覆盖中国区域,修正偏差约1.62 TECU,修正率约为86.7％;格网点电离层信息修正精度具有季节变化,冬季修正精度较低且波动较大,修正率约为82％,其他季节修正率均优于87％;修正偏差、修正率白天均高于夜间;格网点电离层信息具有较强的抗拢动能力．      

电离层闪烁对GNSS接收机性能影响比较分析

电离层闪烁是引起GNSS接收机性能降低甚至失锁的重要环境干扰因素。利用实测数据,比较分析了不同电离层闪烁活动强度下,不同GNSS系统（BD和GPS）接收机的定位性能。结果表明：电离层闪烁较弱时（S4〈0．3）,两种接收机均可以实现基本的定位功能;电离层闪烁较强（S4〉0.7）,且持续时间较长时,不同GNSS接收机将出现定位结果的抖动、跳变或失去定位能力;GNSS接收机应对电离层闪烁影响的能力与接收机设计相关。研究结果可作为抗闪烁接收机开发或闪烁影响分级的参考。     

北斗电离层模型改正精度分析

电离层误差是影响单频用户机定位精度的主要误差源。卫星导航系统播发电离层模型改正参数供用户使用,模型改正精度会对定位结果产生直接影响。北斗卫星导航系统根据连续监测站实测数据,计算并发播地理坐标系下8参数Klobuchar电离层模型参数,且每2 h更新一次。为了科学评估北斗电离层模型改正效果,文中基于北斗最新观测数据,首先,以CODE提供的GIM模型作为比对基准,详细分析了不同纬度地区、不同时间段内的电离层模型改正精度;其次,分别按照以下定位模式进行计算:1)北斗单频不加电离层改正,2)北斗单频+北斗K8模型,3)北斗单频+GPS K8模型,并分析了电离层改正残差对定位结果影响大小。结果表明,北斗电离层模型改正精度在北半球优于南半球,中纬度地区改正效果最好,其改正残差RMS均值在0.6 m左右,往低纬和高纬度地区呈递减趋势;北京地区北斗单频+北斗K8模型定位精度优于GPS K8模型。     

基于北斗GEO的电离层延迟修正方法比较与分析

电离层延迟是影响导航定位精度的最主要因素。北斗卫星导航系统采用Klobuchar模型修正单频接收机用户的电离层延迟误差,对于双频接收机,可以利用不同频率信号的伪距观测数据解算得到电离层延迟值。为比较两种方法在天津地区的电离层延迟修正效果,利用NovAtel GPStation6接收机(GNSS电离层闪烁和TEC监测接收机)采集到的卫星实测数据进行计算。以国际全球导航卫星系统服务组织(IGS)发布的全球电离层格网数据为参考,对两种方法的修正效果进行比较分析。结果表明,在天津地区,利用双频观测值解算电离层延迟比Klobuchar模型计算结果更加精确,且平均每天的修正值达到IGS发布数据的82.11％,比Klobuchar模型计算值高948％      

A method for scintillation characterization using geodetic receivers operating at 1 Hz

Ionospheric scintillation produces strong disruptive effects on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, ranging from degrading performances to rendering these signals useless for accurate navigation. The current paper presents a novel approach to detect scintillation on the GNSS signals based on its effect on the ionospheric-free combination of carrier phases, i.e. the standard combination of measurements used in precise point positioning (PPP). The method is implemented using actual data, thereby having both its feasibility and its usefulness assessed at the same time. The results identify the main effects of scintillation, which consist of an increased level of noise in the ionospheric-free combination of measurements and the introduction of cycle-slips into the signals. Also discussed is how mis-detected cycle-slips contaminate the rate of change of the total electron content index (ROTI) values, which is especially important for low-latitude receivers. By considering the effect of single jumps in the individual frequencies, the proposed method is able to isolate, over the combined signal, the frequency experiencing the cycle-slip. Moreover, because of the use of the ionospheric-free combination, the method captures the diffractive nature of the scintillation phenomena that, in the end, is the relevant effect on PPP. Finally, a new scintillation index is introduced that is associated with the degradation of the performance in navigation.     

Robust multiple update-rate Kalman filter for new generation navigation signals carrier tracking

GPS Solutions - The study of ionospheric scintillation has played a critical role in ionospheric research and also in satellite positioning. This is due to the growing influence of GNSS in...     

近年来我国GNSS电离层延迟精确建模及修正研究进展

空间电离层是影响全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)应用服务性能最棘手的误差源之一。近几十年来,随着地基/空基GNSS数据的日益丰富,国内外学者发展并提出了多种重要技术措施修正、削弱电离层延迟对各类GNSS用户导航定位的影响,取得了重要进展和成果。本文在系统总结GNSS空间电离层延迟影响修正研究成果的基础上,从电离层延迟信息精确提取、建模及误差分析、实时改正方法等几个方面,重点介绍了近年来我国在这一领域的主要研究进展情况。     

Improved precise point positioning in the presence of ionospheric scintillation

Ionospheric disturbances can be detrimental to accuracy and reliability of GNSS positioning. We focus on how ionospheric scintillation induces significant degradation to Precise Point Positioning (PPP) and how to improve the performance of PPP during ionospheric scintillation periods. We briefly describe these problems and give the physical explanation of highly correlated phenomenon of degraded PPP estimates and occurrence of ionospheric scintillation. Three possible reasons can contribute to significant accuracy degradation in the presence of ionospheric scintillation: (a) unexpected loss of lock of tracked satellites which greatly reduces the available observations and considerably weakens the geometry, (b) abnormal blunders which are not properly mitigated by positioning programs, and (c) failure of cycle slip detection algorithms due to the high rate of total electronic content. The latter two reasons are confirmed as the major causes of sudden accuracy degradation by means of a comparative analysis. To reduce their adverse effect on positioning, an improved approach based on a robust iterative Kalman filter is adopted to enhance the PPP performance. Before the data enter the filter, the differential code biases are used for GNSS data quality checking. Any satellite whose C1–P1 and P1–P2 biases exceed 10 and 30 m, respectively, will be rejected. Both the Melbourne–Wubbena and geometry-free combination are used for cycle slip detection. But the thresholds are set more flexibly when ionospheric conditions become unusual. With these steps, most of the outliers and cycle slips can be effectively detected, and a first PPP estimation can be carried out. Furthermore, an iterative PPP estimator is utilized to mitigate the remaining gross errors and cycle slips which will be reflected in the posterior residuals. Further validation tests based on extensive experiments confirm our physical explanation and the new approach. The results show that the improved approach effectively avoids a large number of ambiguity resets which would otherwise be necessary. It reduces the number of re-parameterized phase ambiguities by approximately half, without scarifying the accuracy and reliability of the PPP solution.     

The ionosphere: effects,GPS modeling and the benefits for space geodetic techniques

The main goal of this paper is to provide a summary of our current knowledge of the ionosphere as it relates to space geodetic techniques, especially the most informative technology, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), specifically the fully deployed and operational global positioning system (GPS). As such, the main relevant modeling points are discussed, and the corresponding results of ionospheric monitoring are related, which were mostly computed using GPS data and based on the direct experience of the authors. We address various phenomena such as horizontal and vertical ionospheric morphology in quiet conditions, traveling ionospheric disturbances, solar flares, ionospheric storms and scintillation. Finally, we also tackle the question of how improved knowledge of ionospheric conditions, especially in terms of an accurate understanding of the distribution of free electrons, can improve space geodetic techniques at different levels, such as higher-order ionospheric effects, precise GNSS navigation, single-antenna GNSS orientation and real-time GNSS meteorology.     

低成本μ-blox单频多系统GNSS接收机的定位性能分析

随着大众市场对高精度定位需求增加,基于低成本小型化设备的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)高精度定位成为研究热点之一. 本文以低成本多系统GNSS接收机μ-blox M8P型号为例,分析其观测数据质量,研究其伪距单点定位和单频载波相对定位的定位性能和特点,为低成本GNSS接收机高精度定位应用提供参考. 实验结果表明,与测量型接收机相比,μ-blox输出GNSS观测值的载噪比略小,伪距和载波相位的测量噪声较大. 静态模式下,μ-blox的单频载波相对定位(基线长度约为430 m)可以提供厘米级的定位精度;城市环境动态模式下,其单频载波相对定位可提供亚米级至米级的定位精度. 信号受限环境下,GPS／GLONASS双系统能够提供更稳定的定位结果.      

Using Allan variance to analyze the error characteristics of GNSS positioning

Currently, we evaluate the positioning accuracy of GNSS mainly by providing statistical values that can represent the overall error level, such as CEP, RMS, 2DRMS, and maximum error. These are solid indicators of the general performance of the GNSS positioning. But some applications like GNSS/INS integrated system require a detailed analysis of the error characteristics and knowledge of the precise error model. This requirement necessitates the modeling of the error components of the GNSS positioning solutions. In our research, the Allan variance method is proposed to analyze the GNSS positioning errors, describe the error characteristics, and build the corresponding error models. Based on our research, four dominant noise terms are identified in the GNSS positioning solutions, that is, 1st order Gauss-Markov process, Gaussian white noise, random walk noise, and flicker noise, which indicates that white noise is not always enough and appropriate to model GNSS positioning errors for some applications. The results show that the Allan variance is a feasible and effective way to analyze the error characteristics of the GNSS positioning solutions.