含高浓度有机物及重金属的废水处理方法研究

采用铁屑综合处理含高浓度有机物及重金属的废水。经处理后的废水，重金属和ＣＯＤ均达到国家排放标准，研究了铁屑用量，作用时间等的最佳值，并对作用机理作了解释。     

海洋褐藻胶生产废水的絮凝-氧化处理研究

使用新型高效的絮凝剂Xp，对海洋褐藻胶生产废水进行絮凝，催化氧化处理试验，确定了絮凝剂Xp的最佳使用条件，催化氧化时间和氧化剂用量，结果表明，经本工艺处理后，废水中主要污染物CODcr的去除率达到83．9％，处理后的废水基本达到国家《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978－1996）限定的二级标准。     

利用啤酒废水养殖螺旋藻研究

利用啤酒废水养殖极大螺旋藻(Spirulina marima),研究了废水成分、氮源、藻密度和光照等培养条件对藻生长和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,曝气处理的啤酒废水养殖的螺旋藻,相对生长率与CFFRI培养基的几乎一致．蛋白质含量第6天最高,为0．2886g／g干质量,小于CFFRI培养基养殖的。实验确定曝气处理废水养藻的最佳条件是用NaOH调废水pH、藻初始密度取53．8mg／L、光照在1000～10000 1x范围,添加尿素或碳酸氢钠或曝气8h／d。经PSB处理的啤酒废水养殖的螺旋藻,蛋白质为0．4825g／g干质量,与CFFRI培养基养殖的相近。用光合细菌(PSB)处理的废水养藻应控制废水pH为7．0且废水与PSB的体积比为3：1。     

海藻生物吸附金属离子技术的特点和功能

生物吸附技术是环境领域近年来迅速发展起来的处理工业污染废水的新技术。它以各种生物（菌类或藻类）吸附废水中的重金属离子，具有吸附容量大、选择性强、效率高、消耗少，并能有效地处理含低浓度重金属离子废水等优点。本文对国内外当前生物吸附金属离子技术的研究与应用进展作了综述，包括生物吸附技术的优越性，生物吸附剂的分类与来源，生物吸附的机理，影响生物吸附的因子，生物吸附剂的洗脱及固定化等问题。通过对这些工作的了解，使我们对方兴未艾的海藻生物吸附技术理论基础和实际应用研究有更确切的认识。这些理论基础研究工作为该项技术进一步研究发展打下了实际应用基础。     

贝藻混养对大西洋鲑养殖废水的生物滤除

养殖废水的综合利用与无公害化处理排放是实现水产养殖业健康可持续发展的重要保障。作者采用太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)及龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)混养和单养的方式处理大西洋鲑工业化循环水养殖系统排放的废水,设置贝类组、藻类组、贝藻组3组处理,探讨了贝藻混养方式和贝类、藻类单养对废水中主要水质因子(N、P营养盐、化学需氧量(COD)和总悬浮颗粒物(TSS))的处理效率,实验周期为30 d。结果表明,牡蛎和龙须菜混养的方式处理养殖废水效果较好,其对氮、磷营养盐、COD及TSS的去除效率分别为:总氨态氮41.67%±8.82%、硝酸盐氮33.96%±0.34%、总磷7.18%±0.03%、COD 78.87%±1.82%和TSS 70.50%±1.65%,而亚硝酸盐氮出现一定的积累。综合分析,牡蛎和龙须菜混养的方式处理养殖废水的效率优于牡蛎和龙须菜的单独处理。     

絮凝-CO2曝气-催化氧化处理制革废水研究

使用新型高效的絮凝剂MF,对制革废水进行絮凝吸附、CO2曝气、催化氧化回用处理试验,确定了絮凝剂MF的最佳使用条件、催化氧化时间和氧化剂用量.结果表明,制革废水经工艺处理后,对废水中主要污染物CODCr、S2-、Cr3+、SS、色度的去除率分别达到78.9%、97.5%、95.5%、91.4%、96.5%.处理后的废水基本达到鞣铬工艺用水要求和国家<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)限定的二级标准.     

发制品废水处理优化方法探索

发制品生产工艺废水只有经过净化处理后排入海洋，才不污染环境，但在发制品废水处理中单独采用Ｘｐ法或生物鼓风曝气法均不能达到理想的处理效果。本文采用生物鼓风曝气和Ｘｐ混凝沉淀及炉渣吸附相结合的综合治理方法，取得了较好的结果。     

输海污水中大豆加工业废水的絮凝法处理实验研究

输海污水中含有大量的有机废物,很多来源于大豆加工废水。文章研究了絮凝法对大豆加工废水的处理情况。无机低分子絮凝剂用量大但处理效果一般,无机高分子絮凝剂用量少而且处理效果很好,而其中聚合硫酸铁的处理效果最理想。在室温条件下,调节废水pH值至7时,PFS的最佳投加量是2.5g/L,蛋白质去除率可达60%,絮凝反应时的操作条件是快速搅拌(150rpm左右)1min,之后慢速搅拌(50rpm左右)5min。     

怎样减少漂染废水污染厦门海域

本文介绍厦门针织厂漂染废水处理前后对厦门海域的污染变化，处理前的漂染废水未经处理直接排入厦门海域，其色、味等造成严重污染。经处理后，其出水的色（138倍）、味、pH（7．94）、CODcr（2．39×102mg／dm3）、BOD5（43．3mg／dm3）等各项指标均达到厦门市污染物规定的排放标准，取得了较好的经济、环境和社会效益。     

国内外海岛固体废弃物处置方式研究

文章概述了国内外海岛固体废弃物的产生特点和处置方式;针对海岛面临的问题,重点讨论了海岛固体废弃物处置的建议以及对我国海岛发展的启示。研究结果表明:海岛固体废弃物人均产量一般高于大陆地区,但由于地理位置和气候条件的特殊性,为解决海岛土地资源不足、运输成本高、总量逐渐增多、技术不足等问题,建议海岛固废源头减量、优化处理工艺。同时,总结出3种海岛固废处置方式,一是将固废打包运输至大陆处理,适合于距离大陆较近、人口数量少的小海岛;二是清洁堆肥和无害化焚烧处理技术,适用于种植业和旅游业发展兼重的海岛;三是在分类收集的基础上,固废中废品回收再利用,有机组分通过生物降解制备燃料,最大化利用固废的资源特性,弥补海岛能源匮乏不足,是海岛固废最为理想的处置方式。     

大亚湾北部沿岸污水排海位置优化选择的研究

阐述了大亚湾北部沿岸污水排海位置优选的方法。根据研究海区的水深条件、海岸地形特点、欧拉余流流场、海流流速、渔业水产、旅游等资源的分布特征和水质条件等，定性地确定６个预选排污海区。然后利用Ｒｏｂｅｒｔｓ的近区初始稀释模型和二维水质模型，以南海石油化工项目的污水排海为例，定量地计算被确定的六个预选排污海区的稀释扩散输移能力。通过比较，认为大亚湾北部沿岸的污水不适宜就近排入靠岸海域。当污水量不大时，排污位置选在距马鞭洲岛南端以东约４ｋｍ处（即Ｃ海区），可达到环境、经济、社会三大效益协调统一的效果。但当污水量较大，排海污染物量大时，排污海域的位置应选择在赤洲岛与黄毛山岛之间，即Ｅ海区．或在Ｃ海区与Ｅ海区之间。     

烟台市套子湾污水处理厂排海管道有关参数的确定

利用海洋处置城市污水是沿海地区一种把海洋水体的环境容量和自净能力用于环保的可行方法。烟台市套子湾污水处理厂1998年10月建成正式投入运转,日处理能力为25万m3,其污水排海管道工程是该厂重要组成部分,对污水排海管道的有关参数进行计算,可供沿海城市污水处理工程参考。     

Transformation dynamics and reactivity of dissolved and colloidal iron in coastal waters

We have investigated the chemical forms, reactivities and transformation kinetics of Fe(III) species present in coastal water with ion exchange and filtration methods. To simulate coastal water system, a mixture of ferric iron and fulvic acid was added to filtered seawater and incubated for a minute to a week. At each incubation time, the seawater sample was acidified with hydrochloric acid and then applied to anion exchange resin (AER) to separate negatively charged species (such as fulvic acid, its complexes with iron and iron oxyhydroxide coated with fulvic acid) from positively charged inorganic ferric iron (Fe(III)′). By monitoring the acid-induced Fe(III)′ over an hour, it was found that iron complexed by fulvic acid dissociated rapidly to a large extent (86–92% at pH 2), whereas amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide particles associated with fulvic acid (AFO-L) dissociated very slowly with the first-order dissociation rate constants ranging from 6.1 × 10^− 5 for pH 3 to 2.7 × 10^− 4 s^− 1 for pH 2. Therefore, a brief acidification followed by the AER treatment (acidification/AER method) was likely to be able to determine fulvic acid complexes and thus differentiate the complexes from the AFO-L particles (the dissolution of AFO-L was insignificant during the brief acidification). The acidification/AER method coupled with a simple filtration technique suggested that the iron–fulvic acid complexes exist in both the < 0.02 μm and 0.02–0.45 μm size fractions in our coastal water system. The truly dissolved iron (< 0.02 μm) was relatively long-lived with a life-time of 14 days, probably due to the complexation by strong ligands. Such an acid-labile iron may be an important source of bioavailable iron in coastal environments, as a significant relationship between the chemical lability and bioavailability of iron has been well recognised.     

海水中不同价态铬的测定

本文研究了用Aliguat-336萃取,无焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海水中不同价态铬的方法。该方法有较好的精密度,变动系数为6.0%。回收率在80%左右,其特征量为6.3×10~(14)g,较好地应用于海水中不同价态铬的测定。     

蒸馏海水淡化产品水对铸铁材质腐蚀研究

分析了多级闪蒸海水淡化产品水水质特点,研究了淡化水对铸铁管网的腐蚀影响.利用稳定指数法、失重法、电化学分析和腐蚀产物的XRD检测等方法开展了实验研究.实验结果显示了淡化水对铸铁试片的腐蚀程度及淡化水对铸铁腐蚀产物的类型,可为淡化水进入市政管网提供参考.     

胶州湾东岸娄山河李村河附近海域水质变化预测

利用二维有限元方法对胶州湾海域潮流场数值模拟正确的基础上,建立了胶州湾东岸娄山河、李村河附近海域水质预测模型,并利用该海域水质现状监测资料对预测模型进行了验证,然后根据娄山河污水处理厂一期和李村河污水处理厂二期201O年工程建成后的运行情况,预测了其附近海域的水质。预测结果表明,在污水处理厂正常运行情况下,COD大于3.0mg/L的海域面积约为0.26 km~2.无超四类海水水质标准的区域,其附近海域水质状况比现状有较大改善;但是在事故情况下,各河口附近海域水质变差,超四类最大面积分别达到0.84km~2和0.54km~2,比现状增加0.53km~2和0.23km~2。     

Changes in iron concentrations and bio-availability during an open-ocean mesoscale iron enrichment in the western subarctic Pacific,SEEDS II

A patch of water in the western subarctic gyre (low iron concentration, <0.02 nM) was fertilized twice with 322 and 159 kg of iron to induce a phytoplankton bloom. In order to understand the changes in iron distribution and bio-availability throughout the evolution and termination phase of the iron-induced bloom, iron concentrations were measured at stations inside and outside of the iron-fertilized patch, and shipboard culture experiments using iron and desferrioxamine B (DFB) inoculation to regulate iron availability were conducted 5 times with water collected from the center of the iron-fertilized patch on D2, D7, D11, D17 and D23.After the iron fertilization, we observed a significant increase in dissolved iron (1.38 nM at 5 m depth) at the center of the patch (D1). Dissolved iron concentrations subsequently decreased to an ambient level (~0.08 nM) on D16–D17, despite the second iron fertilization made on D6. During the 4-day incubations of the shipboard culture experiments, excess DFB-inoculated treatment inhibited the phytoplankton growth compared to the controls for D2, D7 and D11 patch water. This indicated that available iron existed in the iron-fertilized patch at least until D11. Moreover, iron-inoculated treatments induced growth of large-sized phytoplankton with an accompanying silicate decrease for D7, D11 and D17 patch water, but not for D23 patch water. These results indicated that large diatoms, which can respond to additional iron inoculation, existed in the iron-fertilized patch in evolution and early termination phase of the iron-induced bloom (at least until D17); however, there was no significant amount of large diatoms, which could rapidly respond to iron, in late termination phase (D23) of the iron-induced phytoplankton bloom.     

Evidence for organic complexation of iron in seawater

Iron occurs at very low concentrations in seawater of oceanic origin and its low abundance is thought to limit primary production in offshore waters (Martin and Fitzwater, 1988). A new electrochemical method, cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV), is used here to determine the speciation of iron in seawater originating from the Western Mediterranean taking advantage of ligand competition of an added electroactive ligand with the natural organic complexing matter to evaluate whether iron is organically complexed. The measurements indicate that iron occurs 99% (or 99.9% depending on which value is selected for α_Fe′) complexed by organic complexing ligands throughout the water column of the Western Mediterranean and by analogy probably also in other oceanic waters. The composition of the organic complexing ligands is as yet unknown, but the data indicate a major source from microorganisms (bacteria or phytoplankton) in and immediately below the fluorescence maximum in the upper water column. The organic complexes are apparently reversible releasing iron when the competing ligand is added and binding more iron when its concentration is increased. The organic complexing ligands occur at concentrations well above those of iron ensuring full complexation of this biologically essential element, and buffer the free iron concentration at a very low level against fluctuations as a result of removal by primary producers or inputs from atmospheric sources. The new data indicate that a re-evaluation of the concept of the bioavailable fraction of iron is required.     

蛋白核小球藻在废水污泥中培养的研究

啤酒厂废水污泥中含有一定的营养元素和活性物质。本研究利用废水污泥培养蛋白核小球藻（Chlorellapyrenoidosa）取得了初步结果。将一定比例的活性污泥掺入普通培养液形成混合培养基,其中80：20试验组无论从蛋白核小球藻的生物量还是粗蛋白的含量均与普通培养基的培养产物近似,具有实践意义。结果表明,混合培养基培养某些藻类,不仅降低了养殖成本,还可净化环境,为废水污泥用于藻类养殖开辟了一条新途径。