小冰期以来中国季风温水川对全球变暖的响应

中国的季风温冰川主要分布在青藏高原东南部,冰川覆盖面积为１３２０３ｋｍ＾２,占我国冰川总面积的２２．２％。由于这类冰川的特性,对气候变暖极为敏感,自小冰期最盛时（１７世纪）以来,温冰川区平均升温０．８℃,冰川面积减小相当现代面积的３０％,为３９２１．２ｋｍ＾２,预估中国季风温冰川区２１００年的升温值２．１℃,届时冰川面积将减少７５％,达９９００ｋｍ＾２左右,考虑到降水增加趋势等因素,实际冰川退缩比     

青藏高原末次冰期最盛时的冰川与环境

在１６－３２ｋａＢｐ的末次冰期最盛时，青藏高原较现代降温７℃左右，降水为现代的０３－７０％。极地型冰川广泛分布，高原内部平衡线较下降值减至５００－３００ｍ以内，高原东部，南缘及西缘可能以亚极地型冰川为主，并有小部分温冰川，平衡线下降８００ｍ以至１００－１２００ｍ。初步统计，包括周围高山在内冰川面积在３５×１０＾４ｋｍ＾２左右，为现代冰川的７．５倍，冰储量相当于全海平面变化２４．２ｃｍ。其时，多年冻     

中亚天山冰川资源及其分布特征

中亚天山分布有冰川１５９５３条，面积１５４１６．４ｋｍ＾２，估计冰储量１０４８．２４７ｋｍ＾３。冰川以高大山峰为中心呈辐射状分布为其主要类型。冰川在各大山区和各大水系中，分别以中央天山和塔里木盆地水系为最多，纬向对冰川发育和雪线高度的影响大于经向的影响。     

西昆仑山南坡郭扎冰川水文特征的分析

郭扎冰川作用区冰川融水径流域年径流量的８０％。纯冰川融水径流模数为１７．７Ｌ／ｓ·ｋｍ＾２，冰川融水径流深为２００．２ｍｍ，冰川消融深是目前我国有实测资料冰川中的最低值。冰川融水径流年内分配很不均匀，夏季（６－８月）占８０％，最大肖融期为７－９月，占８６．３％。     

天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川物质平衡对气候变化的敏感性研究

应用度日物质平衡模式对天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川物质平衡及平衡线高度对气候变化的敏感性进行了研究．结果表明,位于大陆性气候区且具有暖季补给特征的乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川物质平衡对气候变化的敏感性要小于海洋性冰川,升温１℃或增加２０％的降水可引起平衡线上升８１ｍ或下降３１ｍ．此外,气温与降水在物质平衡形成过程中的作用是不同的,气温引起物质平衡剖面以旋转方式变化,而降水可导致其平移方式的响应．若未来升温２℃时,即使降水增加３０％,１号冰川向负平衡变化仍然不能得到遏制．     

贡嘎山地区的冰川水文特征

贡嘎山地区气候温和，降水量充沛，冰川消融强烈。冰川融水径流模数为１００－１４５Ｌ／（ｓ．ｋｍ＾２），冰川融水径流深高达２０００－４５００ｍｍ．冰川融水径流的年内分配比较均匀，冰川强烈消融期的５－９月，冰川融水径流占冰川区年总径流的８０％左右；径流量集中的６－８月，占６０％左右，冰川融水径流的年内变化气温的年内变化基本相一致，最大值出现在７月或８月。     

梅里雪山明永冰川的特征与变化

梅里雪山主峰卡格薄峰海拔６７４０ｍ,位于怒江与澜沧江之间,是尚未被人类征服的神秘高峰之一。位于卡格薄峰东坡的明永冰川,长１１．７ｋｍ,冰川末端海拔２６６０ｍ,是目前横断山区第二条较长的冰川。这是一条横断山区海拔最低的季风海洋性冰川,其冰舌上部运动速度可达５３３ｍ／ａ。１９７１￣１９８２和１９９８年冰川均处于前进状态。     

中国冰川资源及其分布特征:中国冰川目录编制完成

依据国际冰川编目完成的中国冰川目录１１卷２１册的统计,中国境内共发育冰川４６２９８条,总面积５９４０６ｋｍ＾２,冰储量约５５９０ｋｍ＾３,是中低纬度山地冰川是发育的国家,按山系和水系两种体系分别进行冰川编目,获得了中国西部及其各区域的冰川条数、面积和储量等多项指标的确切数量,发现了中国冰川及其雪线分布的若干新特征,这对于西部山区水资源的开发利用和冰雪灾害的防治等具有重要的科学意义和实用价值。     

蒙贡－台加山的冰川及其变化特征

俄罗斯图瓦共和国境内的蒙贡－台加山是位于亚洲中心的一个独立的冰川作用中心。现代冰川共３６条，总面积２７．８ｋｍ２，主要受西风环流及地方性环流的降水补给，具有亚大陆型冰川的特征。小冰期最盛期以来，冰川面积减少４９．３％。近１５０年来，冰川面积和长度继续减少，末端及雪线高度升高。近３０年来，冰川退缩速度加快，冰川物质平衡有１０年左右的波动变化，目前处于负平衡状态。但１９９２－１９９３年两条山谷冰川突然前进。对比亚洲中部其它山系，发现本区冰川动态变化独特，说明不同地区冰川对于全球性气候的响应过程比较复杂。     

利用随机组合概率的方法推求广西沿海地区的设计潮位

利用随机组合概率的方法推求广西沿海地区的设计潮位张桂宏（广西水文水资钦州分局）一、前言广西沿海地区南临北部湾，有北海、钦州、合浦、防城港四市县，大陆海岸线长度１０８３ｋｍ，大陆面积１１３８５ｋｍ￣２。属南亚热带气候，受热带海洋气候和季风环流的影响，热...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)