PAGES/CLIVAR相互交叉的研究计划

CLIVAR/PAGES工作组成立于20世纪90年代中期,由国际地圈—生物圈计划(IG-BP)的PAGES(过去全球变化)项目和世界气候研究计划( WCRP)的气候变化和预测项目(CLIVAR)共同组建。详情见会议报告及有关出版物( www.clivar .org/organization/pages/index.ht m)。PAGES/CLIVAR将结合IGBP—WCRP有关的新项目加强合作力度,修改后的计划参考如下:①促进IGBP和WCRP相关地区内的高分辨率、钻探数据、定量的季节至年际尺度的古②促进PAGES和CLIVAR综合分析古气候数据项目的合作,进而揭示季节至千年内时间尺度上气候系统变化模…     

SEVERAL HOLOCENE NEW SPECIES OF CYCLOSTOMATA(BRYOZOA)FROM THE ZENGMU ANSHA WATERS,SOUTH CHINA SEA

This paper reports 2 new species and new subspecies of Holocene Cyclostomata (Bryozoa) item Zengmu Ansha of the southern waters of Nansha Is. Here, the Zengmu Ansha Waters comprises four shoals, namely Zengmu Ansha (3°58′30″N, 112°16′45″E), the reefs of No.86-13, No. 86-10'and the one at station No. 86-15(3°47′30″N, 111°58′E), extending from NEE to SWW, about 4.Skm in total length, ranging 21—44m in water depth. The new species and new subspecie, are namely, Entalophora proboscina minor subsp, nov., Idmonea grallator zengmuensis subsp.nov., Diapcroecia rnacroecia sp. nov., and D. sinensis sp. nov.     

60Co-γ诱变坛紫菜的海区栽培选育及品质性状初步分析

采用不同剂量的60Co-γ辐射诱变野生坛紫菜原生质体,对获得的诱变株进行实验室品质性状初步筛选后,挑选其中的6个样品进行丝状体室内采苗、海区栽培试验、主要品质性状测定及活体吸收光谱检测.结果显示:总蛋白、藻胆蛋白、叶绿素和活体吸收光谱等在不同紫菜样品间存在显著差异.人工诱变的坛紫菜No.5蛋白质含量为(32.89±1.37)×10-2(m/m,干重),优良栽培品种GL1的蛋白质含量为(31.42±0.94)×10-2(m/m,干重);叶绿素含量最高的为No.9[(0.636±0.017)×10-2(m/m,干重)],最低的为No.2[(0.411±0.022)×10-2(m/m,干重)].藻胆蛋白含量与总蛋白含量呈正相关.     

影响微藻脂肪酸组成因素概述

微藻广泛地应用于软体动物、甲壳类幼虫阶段和一些浮游动物如轮虫等(KenjiSakamotoetal.,1998)的饵料。如今微藻作为化学制品的原材料，引起人们越来越多的兴趣。它可以用来提取色素、重要脂肪酸、维生素和其他生物活性物质(Borowitzka，1986;Metting＆Payne，1986)。许多海洋微藻中富含多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)，特别是甘碳五烯酸(EPA)和廿二碳六烯酸(DHA)(Dunstaneta1.，1994；Yongmanitchai＆Ward，1989)，而PUFA对人类的生长发育有着重要的作用。实验证实，缺乏DHA会影响哺乳动物和人的视力(Carlsoneta1.,1991)。EPA和DHA能够…     

A grey model with periodic term for sea-level analysis and its application to the Guangxi coast

A~as~Sof~~LIngeneral,sealevelisresolvedintOatrendtermplusaPeriedictermintheanalysisofsealevelvdriations(haetal.1996;ZuoandChen,1996;QinandLi,1997;Zhengetal.,1993;RenandZhang,1993),namely,thetimeequencesofmonthlyorannualmeansealevely(o)(t)canbeexpr~asy(o)(t)=T(o)(t) p(o)(t) X(o)(t) .(o)(t),(l)whereT(o)(t)isadefinitetrendterm;p(o)(t)isadefiniteperiedicterm;X(o)(t)isatimeseriesofrandomterm;a(o)(t)iswhitenoise.Thefunctionstructuresofthetrendtermaregenerallyunknown,whiledeterminingthetrendter…     

Wave Reflection Coefficient Spectrum

1 .IntroductionWavereflectionfromstructuresisanimportantfactorforthedesignofthestructures .Therehavebeenmanyresearchesonwavereflectionwithregularwavesandmonochromaticirregularwaves .Miche( 1 951 )proposedanon dimensionalMichenumberMfornormallyincidentirregularwavesconsideringwavebreakingbecauseofthedeepeningofwavesteepnessontheslopeofbreakwaters .ThereflectioncoefficientisproportionaltoM ,i.e .,Kr ∝M =4g( 2π) 5/ 2tan5/ 2 α(Hsf2p) ( 1 )wheregisthegravitationalacceleration ,Hsthesignifican…     

Three new species of Genus Euphysora from China seas(Hydrozoa: Anthomedusae,Corymorphidae)

INTRODUCTIONEuphysorabelongstoChryTnorphidaeofAnthomedusaeofHydromedusae.fofarfourspeciesofEuphysorawererecordedinChina,i.e.,EuphysorabigelowiMaas1905(XuandZhang,1978),E.annulataKramp1928(~,1988),E.furcataKrarnp1948(~,1988)andE.gracilis(Brooks,1882)(JiangandChen,1994).ThroughstudyonEuphysorafromMinnan(SouthZhejiangProvince)--TaiwanBankfishinggroundandtheDatanBayofHongKongfrom1985,wehavefoundthreenewspeciesofEuphysora,i.e.,E.brunnesceatis,E.knidesandE.solidonema.Owingtothethre…     

不同培养条件对三角褐指藻生长及其生物活性成分积累的影响

以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)为研究材料,比较了Na NO3、NH4HCO3和CO(NH2)2为氮源的两种培养基(m L1和ASW培养基)对其生长和生物活性成分(岩藻黄素、金藻昆布糖和二十碳五烯酸(C20:5,EPA))时相积累的影响,同时分析了脂肪酸组成和总脂含量的变化。结果表明:以m L1培养基培养时,三角褐指藻的生物质质量浓度明显高于ASW培养基培养时的生物质质量质量浓度,尿素优于其他两种氮源,最大生物质质量质量浓度为3.7 g/L。不同培养条件下岩藻黄素含量的时相变化规律一致,均随着培养时间的延长呈现先增加后减少的趋势,其最高积累量分别为:13.27 mg/g(Na NO3)、13.23 mg/g(CO(NH2)2)和13.89 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(m L1);13.2 mg/g(Na NO3)、14.92 mg/g(CO(NH2)2)和13.6 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(ASW),由此可知氮源对岩藻黄素积累量影响不大。金藻昆布糖含量随着培养时间延长逐渐增加,其最大积累量分别为9.82 mg/g(NH4HCO3)(m L1)和8.59 mg/g(Na NO3)(ASW)。不同培养条件下其总脂含量变化不显著,均在培养末期达到最大值,分别为24.18%(NH4HCO3)(m L1)和23.79%(Na NO3)(ASW);其主要脂肪酸组成为:豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、棕榈油酸(C16:1)、硬脂酸(C18:0)、油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、花生一烯酸(C20:1)、木焦油酸(C24:0)和EPA,其中,EPA含量随着培养时间延长逐渐下降,尿素最有利于EPA的积累。     

日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)秋繁仔虾形态表型与抗流性能间的相关性

于水温(18.0±1.0)°C、盐度20、pH 8.1±0.2条件下,以水流为胁迫因子(时长1min),以日本囊对虾秋繁同生群仔虾[总长(7.643±0.639)mm]为实验对象,以溢水口(实验初始时刻仔虾放置处)为起点,按等距离间距法将自制的水流测定装置(总长1m)依次划分为A(0—25cm)、B(25—50cm)、C(50—75cm)、D(75—100cm)和E(100cm)等五个区段,在确认实验终了时刻分布于A区段内仔虾数量占实验仔虾总数5%的水流速度为0.823cm/s后,以此为实验流速,借助显微扫描像素测量技术和多元分析方法定量研究了A、B、C、D、E实验群体(依次为实验终止时刻分布于A、B、C、D、E区段内的仔虾)个体间形态比例性状间的差异。结果表明:(1)在所涉15项形态测量指标中,各实验群体间均无显著差异(P0.05)的形态性状共计8项,依次为X_4(眼径)、X_5(头胸甲长)、X_6(头胸甲高)、X_7(第一腹节长)、X_8(第二腹节长)、X_9(第三腹节长)、X_~(10)(第四腹节长)和X_14(腹节高);(2)在所涉17项形态比例指标中,实验群体间均无显著差异(P0.05)的形态比例性状共计7项,依次为C_2(额剑长/总长)、C_9(第五腹节长/总长)、C_(10)(尾节长/总长)、C_(11)(尾扇长/总长)、C_(15)(头胸甲高/头胸甲长)、C_(16)(腹节高/第一腹节长)和C_(17)(尾节高/尾节长);(3)经主成分分析,提取到的5个特征值均大于1的主成分,累计贡献率达80.795%,其中第1主成分39.561%,其载荷绝对值大于0.5的主要影响变量占形态比例性状总数的47.059%;(4)将A实验群体定义为水流胁迫处理选留群,B、C、D、E实验群体统归为水流胁迫处理淘汰群。采用逐步判别法,以判别贡献率较大的C_1(第一触角柄长/总长)、C3(眼径/总长)、C7(第三腹节长/总长)、C13(额剑长/头胸甲长)为自变量,所建的Fisher分类函数方程组可较清晰地区分淘汰群和选留群个体,其中选留群的判别准确率P_1、P_2分别为98%和84.85%,淘汰群的判别准确率P_1、P_2分别为82.25%和97.63%,两者综合判别准确率为90.12%。综上可知,借助形态表型分型可实现日本囊对虾仔虾不同抗流性能群体间的筛选。     

东南极普里兹湾陆架区大型底栖动物群落结构

To explore the spatial pattern of macrobenthic communities and their response to environmental factors in the Prydz Bay,samples were collected using a 0.25-m2 box corer at 10 stations from November 2012 to April 2013.A total of 50 species of macrobenthos belonging to 8 phyla and 33 families were identified,of which polychaetes(e.g.,Maldane sarsi)and sponges(e.g.,Halichondria sp.and Leucosolenia sp.)were the most prominent groups.The macrobenthos in study area were categorized into five functional groups based on the feeding type,and the detritivorous group represented by polychaetes showed the highest average abundance,while the planktophagous group represented by sponges showed the highest average biomass.Macrobenthos abundance(0–592 ind./m2)and biomass(0–1155.5 g/m2)in the Prydz Bay were relatively lower than those of other Antarctic shelf soft-bottom waters,although the compositions of the dominant species and functional feeding groups were similar.The results of the Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that the average biomass of the macrobenthos and the biomass of the planktophagous group in the study area were negatively correlated with the water depth,sediment grain size and silt percentage.However,these variables were clearly not strong determinants of macrobenthos assemblage structure.Many factors not measured in the study,e.g.,sediment organic matter and iceberg interference,have probably influenced the spatial distribution of macrobenthic community structure in the Prydz Bay.     

Preliminary study on nanodiatom in the Taiwan Strait

INTRODUCTIONNanophytoplanktonhasbecomeanewresearchfieldsincethe1980s.Amongthis,nanodiatom(<20pm)isthemajorflora.ItisthefoodforaqUaticanimalsandtheimPOrtantlinkoffoodchain.NanodiatomisanimPOrtantoceanicprimaryproducer(WeberandEI-Sayed,1987;Gao,1990;ChenandQian,1992;Chengetal.,1993).Manyscholarshavedonealotoftaxonomicandecologicalworkonnanodiatom.InChina,monographswerepublishedbyProfessorT.G.Chin(JinDe-clang)(1965,1982and1992),butthoseworksfocusedonmorphologicalandecologicalcharact…     

大亚湾海域石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)寄生单殖吸虫群落结构研究

调查了大亚湾海域13种石斑鱼(Epinephelus spp.)寄生单殖吸虫群落,结果发现有10种鱼感染单殖吸虫,占调查鱼种类的四分之三,检获单殖吸虫16种,隶属于3科5属,其中拟合片虫属(Pseudorhabdosynochus spp.)10种;除鞍带石斑(E.lanceolatus)和拟青石斑(E.fasciatomaculosus)外,8种鱼可分别感染3—7种单殖吸虫;感染单殖吸虫种类最多的是玳瑁石斑(E.quoyanus)达7种,次之是青石斑(E.awoara)和养殖的橙点石斑(E.bleekeri)均感染6种;各单殖吸虫种类中,感染强度最大的是拟合片虫(P.serrani))(棕点石斑,E.fuscoguttatus)128只/尾,次之是石斑拟合片虫(P.grouperi)(青石斑)62只/尾,接下来是斜带拟合片虫(P.coioidesis)(大斑石斑,E.macrospilos)59只/尾和杯阴拟合片虫(P.cupatus)(玳瑁石斑)49只/尾;平均密度最高的是棕点石斑上检获的拟合片虫128只/尾;在检获的16种单殖吸虫中,8种可分别寄生于2种或2种以上石斑鱼,石斑鳞盘虫(Diplectanum grouperi)和拟合片虫在6种石斑鱼上都能检获,符合广寄生单殖吸虫种特征。有5种鱼检查尾数5尾以上的,其中玳瑁石斑单殖吸虫感染率最高62.07%,其内群落的物种丰富度与宿主体长呈显著正相关。     

条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)发育早期的脂肪酸组成变化研究

采用GC/MS法分析了条石鲷(Oplegnathus fasciatus)的未受精卵、胚胎、仔鱼、稚鱼及幼鱼各阶段的脂肪酸组成特点及含量变动,旨在研究条石鲷发育早期脂肪酸的组成和变化规律。共检测到28种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)13种,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)7种,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)8种。结果表明:(1)鱼卵中主要脂肪酸依次为C16:0、C22:6(n-3)(DHA)、C20:5(n-3)(EPA)和C18:1(n-9)(油酸);(2)胚胎及内源性营养阶段,主要利用C16:0、C18:0以及C18:1作为能量来源,EPA和DHA被优先保存下来;(3)摄食轮虫和桡足类AA、EPA、DHA含量显著提高,摄食卤虫则C18:1(n-9)、C18:2(n-6)及C18:3(n-3)含量迅速增加;(4)在稚鱼期必需脂肪酸AA、DHA含量不足,而EPA过高,可能引起细胞膜磷脂中DHA与EPA比例失衡,出现稚鱼"死亡高峰"。     

苯甲醛缩4-氨基安替比林希夫碱的合成、晶体结构和量子化学研究

用4-氨基安替比林与苯甲醛在质量分数为0.1的醋酸钠水溶液中反应合成了化合物C18H17N3O,并培养出了单晶,其晶体结构通过单晶X-射线衍射法测定.化合物(C18H17N3O,Mr=291.35)属单斜晶系,空间群P21/c,晶胞参数:a=13.046(3),b=6.935 0(14),c=17.266(3)(A),α=89.91(3)(A),γ=90.08(3)(°),V=1 561.8(5)(A)3,Z=4,Dc=1.239 g·cm-3,F(000)=616,R=0.053 0,wR =0.153 8,μ0.079mm-1.采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,运用Gaussian 03量子化学程序包,对该化合物的分子轨道成分及能级、原子自然电荷分布、自然键轨道及稳定化能等进行了量子化学计算.     

水温增加对西北太平洋柔鱼潜在栖息地的影响

In the Northwest Pacific Ocean, the squid jigging fisheries from China, Japan and other countries and regions have targeted the west winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) from August to November since the 1970 s. This squid is a short-lived ecological opportunist with a life-span of about one year,and its population is labile and recruitment variability is driven by the environment or climate change. This variability provides a challenge for ones to forecast the key habitats affected by climate change. The catch data of O. bartramii from Chinese squid jigging fishery and the satellite-derived sea surface temperature(SST) data are used in the Northwest Pacific Ocean from August to November of 1998 to 2004, the SST preferences of O.bartramii corresponding to high values of catch per fishing day(CPUE) are determined and monthly potential habitats are predicted using a histogram analysis of the SST data. The possible changes in the potential habitats of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean are estimated under four climate change scenarios based on the Fourth Assessment Report(AR4) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, i.e., 0.5, 1, 2 and 4°C increases in the SST because of the climate change. The results reveal an obvious poleward shift of the potential habitats of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.     

Occurrence and distribution of vibrios in fishes and shellfishes in coastal waters of Hong Kong

INTRODUCTIONTheoccurrenceanddistributionofhalophilicvibriosinthecoastalwatersofHongKonghasbeenrePorted(Chanetal.,l986).Theresultsshowedthatvibrioswerepresentduringthesum-mermonthsinHongKongcoastalwatersatconcentrationsof9oto67ooind./cm3,accountingo.4l%~4o%ofthetotalbacterialPOpulationofthe48isolatesexaminedindetail.Theyob-servedV.Paraheamolyticus,V.harvha,V.vulnfficus,V.camPbelliandV.fiuvialis.Becausemanyofthevibri0species,includingsome0ftheisolatesbyChanetal.(1986)fromHongKongwate…     

DISTRIBUTION OF DINOFLAGELLATES IN THE EAST CHINA SEA

The material discussed in this report was collected at 23 stations in the north of the continental shelf of the East China Sea from October 4 to November 5, 1977 with a Juday phytoplankton net (diameter 37 cm, No. 20 gauze) which was towed from the bottom to the surface of the sea. The Results anlayzed show that the species composition and distributon of dinoflagellates in this region bear a close realtionship to the water mass and the sea currents. Based on the temperature ranges in which different species of dinoflagellates flourish, they may be divided into three groups: cold-water species, warm-temperate species and warm-water species. The number of the last group is more than 70% of the total.     

渤海鱼类群落个体数指标时空格局的因子分析

鱼类群落是水域生态系统内生产力动态的重要输出成分,也是当今以生态系统多样性为核心的生物多样性研究的主要内容。分析鱼类群落结构,通常采用描述自然群落多样性综合指数,如物种数、生态密度和群落多样性结构指数(朱鑫华等,1994a, Washington,1984),或通过多元统计分析的方法,比较群落内生物因素的时空格局动态特征及其与非生物环境参数的相关性(朱鑫华等,1994b; Ardisson et al.,1990)、优势种代表站区和主成分鱼种空间分布特征(周建魁,1984;徐青,1988)。本文运用多元统计分析中的因子分析法,解析渤海鱼类群落指标——全部鱼种个体数生态密度(NED)时空分布格局特征,旨在探讨鱼类群落时空格局易变性和稳定性,以解释増殖水域群落结构特征、多鱼种种间关系及其鱼种生态栖息地利用间的相互关系(Ulanowicz and Platt,1985),这一问题已成为当前生物群落动力学研究的热点问题(Diamond and Case,1986, Morris,1987)。     

Long-term changes in sea surface temperature(SST) within the southern Levantine Basin

Knowledge of sea surface temperature(SST) behaviour is vital for long-term climate scenarios. This study highlights essential outcomes about the distinguishable and unsurprising warming of the SST along the southern border of the Levantine Basin. The analysis is based on monthly SST data for the period 1948–2018. The southern Levantine Basin has undergone SST increase, during the last 71 years. In this study, a consistent warming trend has been found for the analysed SST data series, with a rate of 0.04°C/a, i.e., 0.4°C/(10 a). From 1975 to 1991 the mean annual SST was 17.1°C, and this increased to be 19.2°C, over the period 2002–2018. Results revealed two opposite trends of variability: a decreasing trend(–0.06°C/a) over the period 1975–1991, and an increasing trend(0.2°C/a) from 2002 to 2018. Over the period 1948–2018, positive mean annual SST anomalies had an average of1.8°C, and negative anomalies had an average of –1.1°C. The lowest SST total increase was found from January to April, with values about 0.03°C, while the highest warming appeared from June to September. The driving mechanisms behind the SST changes need to be more investigated, to understand the future trends and impacts of climate change in the Levantine Basin.