石河子市建筑物群体易损性矩阵的建立方法及震害预测

在前人建立的易损性矩阵方法的基础上，结合具体预测对象的实际，并根据普查资料统计出建筑物设防情况和现状，给出相应的权重,进行加权平均，建立具体预测对象群体建筑物的易损性矩阵。以石河子市为例，运用该方法给出了分类建筑物易损性矩阵及震害预测结果。     

基于人口统计数据的区域震害快速评估方法

在进行大规模城乡震害预测工作中, 需要使用与传统预测方式不同的新模型及新方法, 以便实现震害快速预测. 利用容易得到的人口统计数据中的人口及建筑抽样信息,通过建筑物分类,在已有的城市建筑震害基础上采用类比方法进行建筑物易损性分析,给出了人口数据及灾害损失的关系模型. 利用该模型建立福建省区域范围的建筑物不同结构平均易损性矩阵,按经济条件给出结构不同年代易损性矩阵调整系数,并建立地震灾害快速评估系统. 应用结果表明, 基于人口统计数据方法进行城乡区域尺度的地震震害评估模型, 具有投入少、 数据自动预测、定期更新且易于获取等优点.      

类比预测法在城市群体建筑物震害预测中的应用

群体建筑物量大面广,为了简化群体建筑物震害预测的工作,采用类比预测法对群体建筑物震害进行了预测.从城市建筑中选取具有典型破坏特征的建筑物作为样本,通过建筑物结构类型、高度、建设年代、现状质量和用途作为震害影响因子进行震害类比预测.建立规划区内建筑物易损性矩阵.最后以宁德市为例,利用本文方法给出了宁德市建筑物的易损性矩阵...     

山东潍坊地区多层砖房震害预测

利用多层砌体房屋震害预测专家系统,对山东潍坊地区１８２栋多层砖房逐栋进行了单体房屋的震害预测,在此基础上,统计分析了该地区多层砖房的地震易损性特征,并进行了初步震害预测研究,给出了该类房屋的易损性矩阵,各破坏等级的损失参数矩阵和对应不同地震烈度的相对损失预测,为进一步开展震害预测和采取地对性的防震减灾对策提供了科学依据。     

建筑物地震易损性分析研究

本文系统地总结了近几十年来结构地震易损性分析及地震破坏损失预测的发展 ,指出了建筑物地震易损性分析存在的一些重要问题 ,如缺乏震害经验的建筑物地震易损性估计、采用地震动参数进行建筑物地震易损性估计等问题。本文重点研究了理论计算的易损性估计方法 ,给出了对于不同地震动建筑物出现或超越不同状态的概率 ,将多层砖房的理论易损性估计结果同实际震害资料进行了对比 ,并对经正规设计但缺乏震害经验的高层建筑地震易损性进行了估计。另外 ,本文也着重研究了以地震动峰值加速度及反应谱作为地震动输入参数时的结构地震易损性分析方法…     

基于地震动参数的建筑物震害预测

针对目前我国流行的基于地震烈度的震害预测方法中的不足,本文借助美国广泛使用的地震损失评估软件HAZUS99技术手册中房屋易损性评估方法的表达形式,结合我国的震害经验,提出了一套基于地震动参数的群体建筑物震害预测方法。依据易损性矩阵,采用遗传算法与单纯形法相结合的混合算法反演典型结构的抗力曲线和易损性曲线的参数。给定表示地震作用的需求谱,就可以方便地完成典型结构的震害预测。以两个地区的多层砌体房屋为例,说明了本文提出方法的具体步骤,诊证了可靠性。     

廊坊市重要建筑物易损性分析

采用PKPM SATWE结构空间有限元分析软件建模计算法对廊坊市101栋重要建筑物进行结构易损性分析,以破坏等级为结果指标给出每栋抽样建筑的震害预测结果,按照建筑物结构类型、建设年代和建设用途形成各自震害矩阵并给出所有重要建筑物的总震害矩阵,对各类建筑物的抗震能力进行综合评价。     

保定市典型多层砖混结构震害预测分析

将保定市42栋典型多层砖混结构分别按照年代、用途、层数分类,采用结构易损性方法进行震害预测分析,得出各自震害矩阵,并以平均抗震能力指数评价其抗震能力。分析结论可为保定市多层砖混群体震害预测提供参考。     

海城市南台镇多层砖房易损性分析

通过对多层砖房的普查和抽样调查取得的原始资料,用多层砖房震害预测方法和软件进行易损性分析,给出重要房屋单体震害预测结果和群体房屋的易损性矩阵．     

城市典型建筑的地震损失预测方法Ⅰ: 结构易损性分析

地震作用下结构的易损性分析是地震灾害损失预测方法的重要组成部分。本文针对多层砌体房屋结构、排架结构和多层钢筋混凝土结构等3种城市典型建筑,首先给出了该类单体建筑的地震结构易损性分析方法,然后对群体建筑的地震易损性分析方法,以及群体建筑的易损性分类方法进行了探讨,为城市典型建筑的地震灾害损失预测和评估提供参考,并为宁波市抗震防灾规划的地震损失预测提供基础。     

高层建筑与相邻多层建筑间的动力相互作用

本文阐述了高层建筑与相邻多层建筑间的动力相互作用问题,应用波动理论,采用二维显式有限元的方法对这个问题进行了分析,通过实例计算得到一些有益的结论,如高导建筑对相邻多层建筑影响较大;竖向反应影响比水平方面影响大;这种影随着距离的增大而减少等。     

Development of a building information model-guided post-earthquake building inspection framework using 3D synthetic environments

Computer vision-based inspection methods show promise for automating post-earthquake building inspections. These methods survey a building with unmanned aerial vehicles and automatically detect damage in the collected images. Nevertheless, assessing the damage′s impact on structural safety requires localizing damage to specific building components with known design and function. This paper proposes a BIM-based automated inspection framework to provide context for visual surveys. A deep learning-...     

建筑结构基础隔震分析

本文详细地阐述了基础隔震的基本原理与特性,分析了隔震体系的类型及其特点。提出了隔震结构基于位移设计的设计指标和设计准则,并给出了设计步骤和实例。     

Analytical prediction of experimental building pounding

Valuable insights on the problem of seismic pounding have been obtained recently from analytical studies. So far, the proposed analytical models have not been validated experimentally. This paper presents the results of shake table tests of pounding between adjacent three- and eight-storey single-bay steel framed model structures. The pounding response of the frames was measured for various earthquake intensities and initial separations. The experimental results were compared to the predictions resulting from two existing pounding analysis programs. The solution strategy of the first program, SLAM-2, is based on a modal superposition technique. The second program, PC-ANSR, is a non-linear time-step analysis code in which an elastic gap element has been included. Modelling the pounding effect by elastic gap elements in the two programs produced accurate displacement and impact force results. Amplitudes of short acceleration pulses were not well predicted, however, for practical time-step increments. Relative rotations between adjacent floors induced grinding contacts which cannot be captured by uni-axial gap elements.     

应用基础隔震技术的建筑工程造价分析

应用叠层橡胶支座进行基础隔震是目前国内外大力推广的一门建筑抗震新技术。但由于对采用隔震技术后建筑物的工程造价是否会增加缺乏具体的经济技术指标,使得建筑开发商对其推广应用一直持保守态度。选择了位于VIII度区的两个典型工程实例(一例为乙类建筑,另一例为丙类建筑),简要分析了同一建筑物采取不同设计方案(不隔震但抗震设防、隔震使实际设防水平提高、隔震后与未隔震建筑保持相同设防水平等三种不同设计方案)对工程造价的影响及差异。分析数据表明,在同等设防烈度下,基础隔震技术的合理应用可以使被隔震建筑的工程造价与同条件只采用抗震设防的建筑工程造价适当降低。     

Torsional mechanisms in ductile building systems

It is postulated that in order to estimate torsional effects on the seismic response of ductile building structures, the associated plastic mechanism to be developed in the three-dimensional system should be identified. The proposed approach is very different from that embodied in building codes. Inelastic structures are classified as either torsionally unrestrained or restrained. It is shown that clearly defined mechanisms that are to be mobilized, enable the acceptable system ductility demand to be estimated. This should ensure that the corresponding demands imposed on critical translatory elements of the system do not exceed their established displacement ductility capacity. To this end familiar quantities, such as element yield displacement and stiffness, are redefined. Comparisons are made of the intents of existing codified design approaches and those emphasising the role of imposed inelastic displacements. A simple treatment of the consequences of earthquake-induced inelastic skew displacements is also addressed. The primary aim of the paper is to offer very simple concepts, based on easily identifiable plastic mechanisms, to be utilized in structural design rather than advancement in analyses. Detailed design applications of these concepts are described elsewhere. The approach is an extension of the deterministic philosophy of capacity design, now used in some countries. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Persisting challenges for performance-based building assessment

Intense research and refinement of the tools used in performance-based seismic engineering have been made, but the maturity and accuracy of these methods have not been adequately confirmed with actual data from the field. The gap between the assumed characteristics of actual building systems and their idealized counterparts used for analysis is wide. When the randomly distributed flaws in buildings as they exist in urban areas and the extreme variability of ground motion patterns combine, the conventional procedures used for pushover or dynamic response history analyses seem to fall short of reconciling the differences between calculated and observed damage. For emergency planning and loss modeling purposes, such discrepancies are factors that must be borne in mind. Two relevant examples are provided herein. These examples demonstrate that consensus-based analytical guidelines also require well-idealized building models that do not lend themselves to reasonably manageable representations from field data. As a corollary, loss modeling techniques, e.g., used for insurance purposes, must undergo further development and improvement.     

Seismic analysis of a building block

This paper reports on the study of the seismic response of an urban building block located in Faial, a town of the Horta Island of the Azores, Portugal. The work fits within the framework of studying strengthening schemes suitable for the reconstruction process of a town damaged by an earthquake action and includes numerical modelling of all the building blocks with calibration of material and structural parameters based on ambient vibration tests. The study aims at understanding a number of issues that are likely to influence the global behaviour of the block and the local response of individual buildings, namely the group effect of adjacent constructions, the in-plane stiffness of floors and/or roofs and the presence of possible localized strengthening interventions in selected parts of the block.     

Persisting challenges for performance-based building assessment

Intense research and refinement of the tools used in performance-based seismic engineering have been made,but the maturity and accuracy of these methods have not been adequately confirmed with actual data from the field. The gap between the assumed characteristics of actual building systems and their idealized counterparts used for analysis is wide. When the randomly distributed flaws in buildings as they exist in urban areas and the extreme variability of ground motion patterns combine,the conventional procedures used for pushover or dynamic response history analyses seem to fall short of reconciling the differences between calculated and observed damage. For emergency planning and loss modeling purposes,such discrepancies are factors that must be borne in mind. Two relevant examples are provided herein. These examples demonstrate that consensus-based analytical guidelines also require well-idealized building models that do not lend themselves to reasonably manageable representations from field data. As a corollary,loss modeling techniques,e.g.,used for insurance purposes,must undergo further development and improvement.     

Overturning effects in stiffened building frames

In this paper seismically induced overturning effects in stiffened building frames are studied by examining the response of two structures: a 20-storey ‘core wall’ reinforced concrete frame and a 10-storey steel braced frame. The excitations utilized in the study are the 1971 Pacoima Dam S16E Record and the 1940 El Centro N-S Record magnified by a factor of two. Non-linear effects of the following types are considered: plastic hinging of beams and columns, yielding and/or buckling of bracing members and transient uplift of portions of the structures from the foundation. In particular, comparisions are made between response with unlimited base overturning capacity assumed and response with dead-weight overturning resistance only. Providing dead-weight overturning resistance only is shown to significantly reduce seismic load levels, with relatively little or no loss in drift control. Ductility demand in these stiffened frames is shown to be limited, when transient uplift is allowed, to the link beams connecting stiffened and unstiffened portions of the structures.