微晶白云母活性填料的铝酸酯表面改性研究

以微晶白云母为研究对象,铝酸酯DL-411-D为改性剂,研究探讨微晶白云母铝酸酯表面改性工艺务件及其表征方法。经粘度和红外光谱研究证实粘度测试法是确定铝酸酯改性微晶白云母偶联剂用量的有效方法;铝酸酯偶联剂改性微晶白云母工艺简单,偶联剂用量低,不需使用稀释剂,成本低,效果好;改性后的微晶白云母在有机介质中的分散性得到显著提高,因而可大幅度提高其在高聚物中的填充量,降低复合材料的成本。实验结果还表明,铝酸酯改性微晶白云母后,没有发现化学结合的新证据,而更多地显示出物理包覆的特征。     

新型高分子改性剂的合成及含电气石功能聚合物的制备

采用丁二酸酐和乙酸乙烯酯进行共聚,制备了含有酸酐活性基团的高分子聚合物P(SA-VA);然后用该活性聚合物对电气石进行表面改性,制备了含电气石的功能聚合物。通过IR、XRD、SEM等对改性产物结构和形貌进行了表征。实验结果表明,P(SA-VA)的酸酐基团与电气石表面的羟基发生了反应,电气石粉体被成功地引入到共聚物中,得到了含电气石的功能聚合物。该功能聚合物具有优良的分散性和储存稳定性,且该含电气石的功能聚合物成膜后具有良好的力学性能和优异的负离子释放量、远红外辐射等性能。     

负离子粉体材料的超细化和表面改性研究

采用聚羧酸盐为表面改性剂,用玛瑙球为研磨介质,研究电气石矿物粉末的研磨改性工艺,优化了最佳的研磨工艺条件,并对湿法研磨改性的电气石粉末进行了粒度分析测试.红外光谱显示,研磨改性后的电气石粉末表面带有聚羧酸基团,可进一步增进电气石粉末与各种材料的相容性能.改性后电气石粉未的负离子释放量达600个/cm3.     

银离子包覆电气石复合粉体的抗菌性能及机理研究

以电气石为载体,通过真空表面浸渍制备银包覆电气石抗菌粉体,同时采用振荡烧瓶试验测试了抗菌粉体对大肠杆菌的抗菌性能,并利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等测试研究电气石表面银离子的赋存状态。结果表明:通过真空表面浸渍可将银包覆在电气石颗粒表面形成银包覆电气石复合粉体;银包覆量为0.4%时,该粉体大肠杆菌抑菌率可达99.99%以上。由于电气石具有自发极化性能,可将银离子固定在电气石颗粒表面从而达到缓释的作用,通过溶出的银离子与细菌作用达到抗菌目的。     

微晶白云母的钛酸酯表面改性研究

对于新型白云母矿物——微晶白云母进行钛酸酯(JN-114)偶联剂表面改性实验研究结果表明:微晶白云母的钛酸酯表面改性工艺简单,偶联剂最佳用量范围1.0%~1.4%。红外光谱分析结果显示钛酸酯偶联剂可能是以物理吸附为主要方式包覆于微晶白云母粉体表面,该方法有效地改变微晶白云母的表面性质,使其在高分子有机物中的分散性大大提高,为其开发利用的又一低成本技术。     

改性伊利石增强软质PVC力学性能研究

采用经铝酸酯偶联剂改性的伊利石粉做填料,对PVC进行了填充改性,采用熔融共混制备伊利石/PVC复合材料,并对复合材料的力学性能进行测试。研究表明,改性后的伊利石对软质PVC材料有明显的增强作用,其拉伸强度随着伊利石填充量增加先增大,后逐渐减小。填充量为6质量份时达到最大值15.01 MPa,较纯PVC提高30%,填充8质量份时拉伸强度开始下降但依然有18%的提升。随伊利石的添加量增大,复合材料的断裂伸长率比纯PVC低,其塑性下降。     

改性纳米高岭土的制备及特性研究

用钛酸酯和硅烷偶联剂对纳米高岭土进行表面改性,并采用红外光谱、沉降实验、容重对粉体的改性效果进行了分析。结果表明:偶联剂与纳米高岭土之间发生了相互作用,且复配改性的效果最好;改性高岭土在液体石蜡中具有较好的沉降性能,沉降速度下降;颗粒之间的团聚减少,容重为原矿的一半左右,且改性后样品的白度提高了近5%。     

电气石吸附Cu2+,As(Ⅲ),F-影响因素及机理研究

以新疆电气石为原料,通过原子荧光光谱仪、原子吸收分光光度研究电气石的不同粒度、用量、吸附时间、热处理温度等对水中Cu2 ,As(Ⅲ)吸附的影响;进而探讨分析电气石的吸附机理。研究结果表明:(1)电气石对Cu2 ,As(Ⅲ),F-离子的去除率随着电气石粒径的减小而增加。随着电气石用量的增加,去除率逐渐提高,增至一定值后下降。热处理温度为300℃,500℃时,可提高电气石吸附Cu2 ,As(Ⅲ)的效率。加热预处理未改善电气石对F-离子吸附能力。(2)电气石对带电性质不同的阴、阳离子都具有较好的吸附作用。电气石的极性和表面性质使其对离子可能存在络合吸附和静电吸附两种形式。电气石对Cu2 ,As(Ⅲ)吸附为表面络合吸附与静电吸附共同作用,吸附效果好。对F-吸附只存在静电吸附,吸附效果差。     

电气石矿物吸附铜离子试验研究

本文研究了电气石的单晶、电气石微粉对Cu2＋的吸附作用,试验表明：电气石单晶体表面存在着以C轴为两极的静电场,该静电场对Cu2＋的吸附作用效果明显。制备的电气石微粒越细,吸附效果越好。电气石的电场效应使得它在治理污水中Cu2＋污染具有广阔的前景。     

TiO2/电气石复合物的光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/电气石复合光催化剂,通过光降解甲基橙实验考察复合光催化剂的活性,发现复合物中2%电气石的制备比例就可以显著提升TiO2降解有机物活性,降解率(0.5h)达99.87%,明显优于纯TiO2(0.5h)83.64%,提高了约20%。经XRD、BET、SEM等手段对样品进行分析得知:经800℃以下长时间热处理,电气石的结晶构造不变;900℃热处理使电气石结构破坏。SEM分析显示复合物中TiO2颗粒呈球簇状,均匀包覆在电气石表面形成颗粒膜层。     

电气石微粉吸附水体中金属离子及其机理分析

研究了电气石微粉吸附水中Cu2＋、Pb2＋、Zn2＋的过程,讨论了吸附时间、粒度、用量和pH值等因素对吸附效果的影响,分析了电气石对含Cu2＋、Pb2＋、Zn2＋废水的吸附机理。电气石加工成超细粉体时,表面产生大量的不饱和键,在溶液中与水配位,使水发生解离生成羟基化表面,将重金属离子吸附到晶体负极,使局部金属离子浓度增高与电气石表面羟基离解而产生的氢氧根离子发生反应,形成各种沉淀或碱式盐析出,直到溶液中各种离子浓度达到平衡时为止。提出了凡是氢氧化物难溶于水的金属离子,理论上都可以使用电气石微粉进行吸附净化处理的观点。研究结果表明,电气石微粉对Cu2＋、Pb2＋、Zn2＋有较好的吸附效果。     

共沸蒸馏法制备电气石超细粉末

分别以水和正丁醇为研磨介质，得到电气石超细粉末的液相悬浮体，利用水和正丁醇可以形成共沸物的特点，分别采用直接加热和共沸蒸馏法脱分散介质干燥悬浮体制备电气石超细粉末。透射电镜分析结果表明，直接加热脱去水或正丁醇会使电气石超细颗粒发生硬团聚，而共沸蒸馏法则可有效防止硬团聚的产生；拉曼光谱结果表明，共沸蒸馏法制备的电气石粉末表面存在O—H和C—H键，说明正丁醇在颗粒表面为化学吸附，而直接干燥法得到的电气石粉末表面则没有；X射线粉晶衍射结果表明，研磨过程降低了粉末衍射峰的强度，但直接加热干燥和共沸蒸馏干燥均未破坏电气石的晶格结构。正丁醇中的丁氧基在共沸蒸馏过程中在电气石颗粒表面可取代羟基，产生化学吸附，能有效防止液桥的产生，阻止干燥过程中超细粉末的硬团聚。     

Tourmaline from the Archean G.R.Halli gold deposit,Chitradurga greenstone belt,Dharwar craton （India）： Implications for the gold metallogeny

Tourmaline occurs as a minor but important mineral in the alteration zc,ne of the Archean orogenic gold deposit of Guddadarangavanahalli （G.R.Halli） in the Chitradurga greenst~ne belt of the western Dharwar craton, southern India. It occurs in the distal alteration halo of the G.R.Halli golcl deposit as （a） clusters of very fine grained aggregates which form a minor constituent in the natrix of the altered metabasalt （AMB tourmaline） and （b） in quartz-carbonate veins （vein tourmaline）. ~[＇he vein tourmaline, based upon the association of specific carbonate minerals, is further grouped as （i） albite-tourmaline-ankerite-quartz veins （vein-1 tourmaline） and （ii） albite-tourmaline-calcite-quartz veins （vein-2 tourmaline）. Both the AMB tourmaline and the vein tourmalines （vein-I and vein-2） belong to the alkali group and are clas- sified under schorl-dravite series. Tourmalines occurring in the veins are zoned while the AMB tour- malines are unzoned. Mineral chemistry and discrimination diagrams 1eveal that cores and rims of the vein tourmalines are distinctly different. Core composition of the ve：n tourmalines is similar to the composition of the AMB tourmaline. The formation of the AMB tourmaline and cores of the vein tour- malines are proposed to be related to the regional D1 deformational event associated with the emplacement of the adjoining ca. 2.61 Ga Chitradurga granite whilst rims of the vein tourmalines vis-a- vis gold mineralization is spatially linked to the juvenile magmatic accretion （2.56-2.50 Ga） east of the studied area in the western part of the eastern Dharwar craton.     

Preparation of Carbon-coated Tourmaline and the Degradation of Methylene Blue

An attempt was made to prepare carbon coated tourmaline by mixing tourmaline powders and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), followed by heat treatment in argon atmosphere. All samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, UV diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Results showed that the residual carbon content was influenced by heat treatment temperature and the amount of PVA. The degradation of methylene blue by Carbon-coated tourmaline was also studied. The experiments pointed out that the carbon coated effects are best when the heating temperature was 900℃ and the weight content of PVA was 70%. And the tourmaline prepared under 900℃ in the oxidation atmosphere has the best degrade efficiency. The results also proved that the infrared radiation of tourmaline is not effect in the degrade progress.     

西藏错那洞电气石花岗岩中电气石化学组成、硼同位素特征及意义

为了对西藏错那洞电气石花岗岩源区进一步约束,利用显微镜、电子探针和激光剥蚀多接收等离子质谱仪,对错那洞电气石花岗岩中电气石的形态、成分及硼同位素组成进行了研究.结果表明,错那洞电气石花岗岩中的电气石为碱族黑/铁电气石,直接结晶自富硼熔体,与熔体之间未发生明显的硼同位素分馏.电气石δ11B值主要在-6.91‰^-9.17‰之间,与大陆地壳平均δ11B值(-10‰±3‰)相近,表明错那洞电气石花岗岩主要源自变质沉积岩的部分熔融.然而,与起源于变质沉积岩的花岗岩相比,样品的δ11B值明显偏高,而与前人报道的雅拉香波淡色花岗岩(源自石榴石角闪岩部分熔融)的δ11B值相似.因此,错那洞电气石花岗岩源区中,除了变质沉积岩外,可能还混入了少量石榴石角闪岩.     

电气石活化水效应的应用

为充分利用电气石的天然电极性和远红外发射特性,利用核磁共掁方法研究了电气石对水分子团簇结构的影响。实验结果表明：电气石能够降低水分子的¹⁷O 核磁共振（NMR）半高宽,并且降低的幅度与电气石的粒径呈正相关关系;若将电气石烧成陶粒后,则其对水分子的¹⁷O NMR半高宽降低的幅度更大。另外活化水的时效性测试结果表明,活化水在放置480 h之后,仍然可以保持良好的活性。     

Boron isotopic variations in tourmaline from metacarbonates and associated calc-silicate rocks from the Bohemian Massif: Constraints on boron recycling in the Variscan orogen

Various metacarbonate and associated calc-silicate rocks form minor but genetically significant components of the lithological units in the Bohemian Massif of the Variscan orogen in Central Europe.These rocks vary in terms of their lithostratigraphy,chemical composition and mineral assemblage(dolomite/calcite ratio,silicate abundance).Tourmaline is present in five paragenetic settings within the metacarbonate and calc-silicate units.TypeⅠcomprises individual,euhedral,prismatic grains and grain aggregates in a carbonate-dominant(calcite±dolomite)matrix poor in silicates.TypeⅡis characterized by euhedral to subhedral grains and coarse-to fine-grained aggregates in silicate-rich layers/nests within metacarbonate bodies whereas typeⅢoccurs as prismatic grains and aggregates at the contact zones between carbonate and associated silicate host rocks.TypeⅣis in veins crosscutting metacarbonate bodies,and typeⅣtourmaline occurs at the exocontacts of elbaite-subtype granitic pegmatite.Tourmaline from the different settings shows distinctive compositional features.Typical for typeⅠare Mg-rich compositions,with fluor-uvite>dravite>>magnesio-lucchesiite.Tourmalines from typeⅡsilicate-rich layers/nests are highly variable,corresponding to oxy-schorl,magnesio-foitite,Al-rich dravite and fluor-uvite.Typical for typeⅢtourmalines are Ca,Ti-bearing oxy-dravite compositions.The typeⅣveins feature dravite and fluor-uvite tourmaline compositions whereas typeⅤtourmaline is Li,F-rich dravite.Tourmaline is the only Bbearing phase in paragenetic typesⅠ-Ⅳ,where it is characterised by two principal ranges of B-isotope composition(δ^11B=-13‰to-9‰and-18‰to-14‰).These ranges correspond to regionally different units of the Moldanubian Zone.Thus,the Svratka Unit(Moldanubian Zone s.l.)contains only isotopically lighter tourmaline(δ^11B=-18‰to-14‰),whereas metacarbonates in the Poli?ka unit(Teplá-Barrandian Zone)and Olesnice unit(Moravicum of the Moravo-Silesian Zone)has exclusively isotopically heavier tourmaline(δ^11B=-9‰to-13‰).Tourmalines from metacarbonates in the Variegated Unit cover both ranges of isotope composition.The isotopically light end of the B isotope range may indicate the presence of continental evaporites within individual investigated areas.On the other hand,variations in the range of~8δ-units is consistent with the reported shift in B isotopic composition of metasedimentary rocks of the Bohemian Massif due to the prograde metamorphism from very-low grade to eclogite facies.In contrast to the metacarbonate-hosted settings,tourmaline of paragenetic type V from the exocontact of granitic pegmatites displays a significantly heavier range ofδ^11B(as low as-7.7‰to-0.6‰),which is attributed to partitioning of 10 B to cogenetic axinite and/or different B-signature of the source pegmatite containing tourmaline with heavyδ^11B signature.     

Changes in tourmaline composition during magmatic and hydrothermal processes leading to tin-ore deposition: The Cornubian Batholith,SW England

To investigate the potential of tourmaline as a geochemical monitor, a comprehensive dataset on major, minor and trace element concentrations as well as Fe³⁺/ΣFe ratios of tourmaline is presented. The dataset includes samples from five plutonic complexes related to diverse magmatic to hydrothermal stages of the Cornubian Batholith (SW England). Tourmaline composition found in barren and cassiterite-bearing samples include all three primary tourmaline groups and tourmaline species with the general endmembers schorl, dravite, elbaite, uvite, feruvite, foitite and Mg-foitite.Based on textures and compositions, it is possible to distinguish not only between late-magmatic and hydrothermal tourmaline, but also between several formation stages. Hence, tourmaline monitors late-magmatic processes and the partitioning of elements during exsolution of an aqueous phase. For example, in hydrothermal tourmaline Sn is strongly enriched, while Ti, Cr, V and Sc are depleted compared to late-magmatic tourmaline of the same sample. Several tourmaline generations that precipitated from magmatic fluids can be distinguished with differing major and minor elements and REE patterns depending on the composition of the melt from which they were expelled from. Strongly zoned tourmaline allows for unraveling the hydrothermal history of a distinct location including ore precipitation. The precipitation of SnO₂ in the study area was probably caused by mixing between acidic, reduced, Sn-bearing magmatic fluids and oxidized meteoric fluids, which is in agreement with London and Manning (1995) and Williamson et al. (2000). Hence, the ability of tourmaline composition to monitor changes in Sn concentration and redox conditions in hydrothermal fluids has potential as an exploration tool.