中国地级市人为热总量的估算及驱动因素分析

人为热一定程度上影响着城市的局地环境和微气候。以2016年中国地级市为研究对象,首先采用了能源消耗清单法结合Suomi-NPP（National Polar-orbiting Partnership）VIIRS（Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite）夜间灯光数据的方法估算了格网尺度的人为热通量;其次,分别使用最小二乘法和地理加权回归法模型在全局和局部尺度上研究不同因素对人为热总量的影响;进一步使用自然断点法划分出其中的主导因素。得出以下结论：① 各地级市的人为热总量具有显著的空间差异,京津冀、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲城市群所在的中国东南地区,人为热总量相对较高;② 能源消耗、民用汽车数量、人均生产总值是全局尺度上人为热总量的主要驱动因素;人口密度、第二产业占比、道路密度和建成区面积对人为热总量的影响呈现出较强的空间异质性;外商直接投资额则在全局尺度对人为热总量的影响较低。③ 主导因素分析表明无主导因素的地级市主要位于中国的西南部,以能源消耗、民用汽车数量、人均生产总值为单一主导因素的地级市主要聚集于中国的东南部、中部及东北部、西北部,并在其周边交叉地区形成了一些数量较少的双重主导因素地级市。本文的研究为政府相关部门对于人为热调控政策的制定提供了依据。     

闽浙赣地区GPM IMERG降水产品降尺度建模与比较分析

针对目前的技术手段下难以直接获得大范围高精度精细化降水空间分布的问题,本文以闽浙赣地区为研究范围,选用GPM IMERG降水产品,综合应用地面实测降水数据以及水汽与植被指数数据,基于地理加权回归（GWR）法构建了基于水汽因子的降尺度模型,同时基于最小二乘（OLS）法构建了基于水汽因子与植被指数的对比模型,将降水产品的分辨率从0.1°提升至1 km,最终获得2015年闽浙赣地区各月精细化降水空间分布,使用验证站点实测数据进行验证。结果表明：① 构建的 3个降尺度模型中,GWR模型与2种OLS模型相比,拟合优度分别提升了102.9%和93.9%,模型降尺度结果整体优于2种OLS模型,且月际差异小,稳定性更高;2种OLS模型中,采用了水汽因子的模型拟合效果有8个月份更优;② 融合多源数据的GWR降尺度模型获得的结果在研究区内是可靠的,与GPM降水产品相比,在提升空间分辨率的同时,平均相对误差与均方根误差月均分别下降了42%和32%,精度明显改善。     

Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of industrial structure transformation and carbon emission effect in Xuzhou Metropolitan Area

Employing decoupling index and industrial structure characteristic bias index methods, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of industrial structure transformations and their resulting carbon emissions in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2014, with a focus on their relationships and driving factors. Our research indicates that carbon emission intensity from industrial structures in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area at first showed an increasing trend, which then decreased. Furthermore, the relationship between emissions and industrial economic growth has been trending toward absolute decoupling. From the perspective of the center-periphery, the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area formed a concentric pattern, where both progress towards low emissions and the level of technological advancement gradually diminished from the center to the periphery. In terms of variation across provinces, the ISCB index in the eastern Henan has decreased the slowest, followed by the southern Shandong and the northern Anhui, with the northern Jiangsu ranking last. During this period, resource- and labor- intensive industries were the primary growth industries in the northern Anhui and the eastern Henan, while labor-intensive industries dominated the southern Shandong and capital-intensive industries dominated the northern Jiangsu. In terms of city types, the spatial pattern for industrial structure indicates that recession resource-based cities had higher carbon emission intensities than mature resource-based cities, followed by non-resource-based cities and regenerative resource-based cities. Generally, the industrial structure in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area has transformed from being resource-intensive to capital-intensive, and has been trending toward technology-intensive as resource availability has been exploited to exhaustion and then been regenerated. Industrial structure has been the leading factor causing heterogeneity of carbon emission intensities between metropolitan cities. Therefore, the key to optimizing the industrial structure and layout of metropolitan areas is to promote industrial structure transformation and improve the system controlling collaborative industrial development between cities.     

Spatial-temporal Heterogeneity of Industrial Structure Transformation and Carbon Emission Effects in Xuzhou Metropolitan Area

Employing decoupling index and industrial structure characteristic bias index methods, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of industrial structure transformations and their resulting carbon emissions in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area from 2000 to 2014, with a focus on their relationships and driving factors. Our research indicates that carbon emission intensity from industrial structures in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area at first showed an increasing trend, which then decreased. Furthermore, the relationship between emissions and industrial economic growth has been trending toward absolute decoupling. From the perspective of the center-periphery, the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area formed a concentric pattern, where both progress towards low emissions and the level of technological advancement gradually diminished from the center to the periphery. In terms of variation across provinces, the ISCB index in the eastern Henan has decreased the slowest, followed by the southern Shandong and the northern Anhui, with the northern Jiangsu ranking last. During this period, resource-and labor-intensive industries were the primary growth industries in the northern Anhui and the eastern Henan, while labor-intensive industries dominated the southern Shandong and capital-intensive industries dominated the northern Jiangsu. In terms of city types, the spatial pattern for industrial structure indicates that recession resource-based cities had higher carbon emission intensities than mature resource-based cities, followed by non-resource-based cities and regenerative resource-based cities. Generally, the industrial structure in the Xuzhou Metropolitan Area has transformed from being resource-intensive to capital-intensive, and has been trending toward technology-intensive as resource availability has been exploited to exhaustion and then been regenerated. Industrial structure has been the leading factor causing heterogeneity of carbon emission intensities between metropolitan cities. Therefore, the key to optimizing the industrial structure and layout of metropolitan areas is to promote industrial structure transformation and improve the system controlling collaborative industrial development between cities.     

1982-2006年中国5-9月的NDVI变化与人类活动影响分析

植被是联系陆地、大气和生态系统的自然纽带,其随着气候和人类活动而发生变化,因此,研究它的突变和变化趋势具有重要意义。本文利用3年滑动t检验、Mann-Kendall检验(MK检验)和距平分析法,研究了中国1982-2006年5-9月平均的NDVI(NOAA/AVHRR GIMMS)突变和变化趋势及其主要原因。3年滑动t检验和MK检验表明,1998年华东地区的NDVI出现了突变,而东北地区和青藏高原NDVI没有出现突变。NDVI变化趋势的分析表明,1982-1998年华东地区NDVI为较平稳的趋势,1998年出现突变后,1998-2006年转为明显下降的趋势(以1998年为转折点)。因此,华东地区NDVI存在明显的变化趋势。NDVI突变和变化趋势的成因分析表明,20世纪90年代后期至21世纪初,随着华东地区大规模的城市化建设和房地产的过度开发,导致耕地面积减少,华东地区植被1998年出现了突变,并从偏多转为明显偏少的趋势,而卫星仪器和气候因子并非是导致该地植被出现突变和变化趋势的主要原因。     

城市化发展中土地资源集约利用分析——以山东省济南市为例

随着城市的不断发展,济南市用地紧张,人地矛盾不断增大。对济南市土地进行集约利用分析,能为提高土地利用效率、缓解土地利用压力提供支撑。当前济南市土地集约利用存在的问题有土地利用结构不合理,集约利用程度较低等。在未来城市化发展过程中,土地的价格以及用地压力将会不断加大。且当前济南市并未注重城市生态环境的建设。该研究运用主成分分析法,构建了土地集约利用指标体系及模型,对济南市土地集约利用状况进行了分析评价。结果表明,济南市的土地集约利用程度虽然有了一定的提升,但从整体上来说情况仍不容乐观。在未来发展中,济南市始终要优化土地利用结构,提升土地产出效能,加大土地监管力度,优化土地资源配置,注重土地集约发展。     

基于多源信息的人口分布格网化方法研究

格网化人口分布数据比行政单元人口密度数据更易直观表达人口的真实分布状况。本文面向人口格网化管理的区域发展需求,以延安市为研究对象,基于增强居民地空间分布及其内部结构信息的理念,利用乡镇界线和乡镇级人口统计数据为输入控制单元,以土地利用数据、居民点信息、DEM、夜晚灯光数据等多源信息为指示因子,采用多元回归建模方法获得了延安市2010年100 m格网人口分布数据。结果表明,本文采用的人口格网化建模方法最终模型选用变量数少,决定系数（R²）达到0.872。最终模型在用于验证的24个乡镇中,有18个乡镇的估计人口数与统计值误差绝对值小于10%。分析认为,该建模策略结果可信,多源的人口分布指示信息在人口格网化方法上明显优于单独的土地利用数据方法。本文获得的100 m格网延安市人口数据格网化结果,显著增强了人口空间分布的细节信息,对于县市一级的人口数据格网化具有借鉴意义。     

新型城镇化水平区域差异与驱动因素分析

基于新型城镇化内涵的深刻理解及城镇化发展历程的梳理,尝试性利用等权重方法,对2000~2015年中国31个省市新型城镇化发展水平进行测度和时空维度及集聚特征展示。在此基础上建立多元回归模型,对中国进行分区域新型城镇化发展驱动力进行分析。结果表明,中国东、中、西部新型城镇化发展主导驱动因素分别为外向力、市场力和行政力。政府应在充分认识新型城镇化内涵基础上,对东、中、西部实行不同发展策略,缩小区域差异。     

1992-2010年基于DMSP-OLS图像的环渤海城市群空间格局变化分析

从DMSP-OLS数据提取城市区域的经验阈值法存在固有的缺陷,经验阈值对不同的空间区域不具备通用性,不适用的经验阈值,将导致城区面积提取具有较大误差,可采用统计数据对经验阈值进行修正以降低误差。本文在大时空尺度条件下以少量样本城市的统计数据对经验阈值方法进行了修正;另采用Elvidge二次多项式模型对DMSP-OLS时间序列数据进行了校正。在此基础上选取总斑块数量、景观总面积、平均斑块大小、最大斑块面积比、斑块密度、景观形状指数、总边界长度、平均边界密度和斑块平均回旋半径共9个景观生态学指标,采用FRAGSTATS 3.3软件计算分析了1992-2010年环渤海区域城市发展的空间格局变化特征。结果表明:1992-2010年间,环渤海区域城市化进程持续较快发展,城市建成区总面积增加了2.14倍,平均城市建成区面积增加了76%,提取到的城市斑块平均回旋半径增加了约26.5%,并且城市景观斑块的复杂度明显上升,可检测到的城镇总个数增加了82%。但是,每100km2内孤立的城市景观斑块数却降低了约76%;大城市持续扩张的相对速度慢于中小城市,城市区域边界密度和整体城市分布景观格局破碎度逐渐降低,核心城市与周围卫星城市的景观斑块的联通性逐步增加。     

基于Globcover和DMSP/OLS数据的中国大陆城市潜能分析

城市潜能作为城市体系空间相互作用的代表性指标,反映了城市与其所在的城市体系内所有城市间相互作用的强度,即城市所具备的的集聚能力。合理分析城市空间布局及结构、探寻城市发展的空间差异,以及制定区域发展政策日益迫切,研究城市空间相互作用具有重要意义。本文以Globcover数据集提取中国大陆范围内26 619个城市斑块,获取了城市潜能计算时所需的城市斑块规模总量;同时,以DMSP/OLS夜间灯光影像为数据,提取能综合反映人类社会经济活动的城市斑块夜间灯光总强度,参与城市潜能的计算。利用潜能模型,依据城市斑块分层结果,以城市斑块规模和时间成本为参数,计算得到公里格网的城市潜能值模拟分布图,并分析了中国大陆城市潜能的空间分异特征。     

Evaluating Spatial Heterogeneity of Land Surface Hydrothermal Conditions in the Heihe River Basin

Land surface hydrothermal conditions(LSHCs) reflect land surface moisture and heat conditions, and play an important role in energy and water cycles in soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Based on comparison of four evaluation methods(namely, the classic statistical method, geostatistical method, information theory method, and fractal method), this study proposed a new scheme for evaluating the spatial heterogeneity of LSHCs. This scheme incorporates diverse remotely sensed surface parameters, e.g., leaf area index-LAI, the normalized difference vegetation index-NDVI, net radiation-Rn, and land surface temperature-LST. The LSHCs can be classified into three categories, namely homogeneous, moderately heterogeneous and highly heterogeneous based on the remotely sensed LAI data with a 30 m spatial resolution and the combination of normalized information entropy(S') and coefficient of variation(CV). Based on the evaluation scheme, the spatial heterogeneity of land surface hydrothermal conditions at six typical flux observation stations in the Heihe River Basin during the vegetation growing season were evaluated. The evaluation results were consistent with the land surface type characteristics exhibited by Google Earth imagery and spatial heterogeneity assessed by high resolution remote sensing evapotranspiration data. Impact factors such as precipitation and irrigation events, spatial resolutions of remote sensing data, heterogeneity in the vertical direction, topography and sparse vegetation could also affect the evaluation results. For instance, short-term changes(precipitation and irrigation events) in the spatial heterogeneity of LSHCs can be diagnosed by energy factors, while long-term changes can be indicated by vegetation factors. The spatial heterogeneity of LSHCs decreases when decreasing the spatial resolution of remote sensing data. The proposed evaluation scheme would be useful for the quantification of spatial heterogeneity of LSHCs over flux observation stations toward the global scale, and also contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of estimation and validation for remotely sensed(or model simulated) evapotranspiration.     

Characterization of air pollution in urban areas of Yangtze River Delta,China

The hallmark of development in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) of East China has been sprawling urbanization. However, air pollution is a significant problem in these urban areas. In this paper, we investigated and analyzed the air pollution index (API) in four cities (Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou and Ningbo) in the YRD from 2001 to 2012. We attempted to empirically examine the relationship between meteorological factors and air quality in the urban areas of the YRD. According to the monitoring data, the API in Shanghai, Nanjing, Hangzhou slightly declined and that in Ningbo increased over the study period. We analyzed the inter-annual, seasonal, and monthly variations of API, from which we found that the air quality had different temporal changes in the four cities. It was indicated that air quality was poor in winter and spring and best in summer. Furthermore, different weather conditions affected air quality level. The wind direction was considered as an important and influential factor to air pollution, which has an impact on the accumulating or cleaning processes of pollutants. The air quality was influenced by the different wind directions that varied with seasons and cities.     

近21 a来京津冀城市发展空间特征及其与宏观地貌的关系分析

基于全国1:100万数字地貌数据库和1992-2012年的DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据,从城市重心迁移变化、城市内部变异度和城市相对发展速率3方面,对近21 a来京津冀城市发展的空间特征,以及不同宏观地貌下城市发展的差异性进行了对比分析。结果表明：1992-2012年京津冀重心迁移方向大致经历西南-东北-西南3个阶段,不同城市重心迁移的轨迹和方向不同;京津冀整体发展水平不断提高,各城市间的差距呈减小趋势;不同地貌类型城市,其城市内部各辖区间的差异随时间变化的规律不同,平原型城市基本稳定不变,山地-平原型或平原-山地型城市有所下降,山地型城市各辖区间的差异随时间大幅减小;山地型城市相比其他地貌类型城市,城市重心偏移明显,城市整体发展水平较低。最后讨论了长时间序列下,城市发展与地貌间存在关联性。     

Pattern dynamics of thermal-environment effect during urbanization: A case study in Shenzhen City, China

The thermal-environment effect exists in the field of rapid urbanization.It has adverse effects on the urban atmosphere,regional climate,energy consumption,and public health.Shenzhen,a representative of rapidly urbanizing cities in China,was selected as a case for pattern dynamics analysis of the thermal environment.The surface temperature was acquired from the thermal infrared data of Landsat TM and ETM+ images in 1986,1995,and 2005 by Jiménez-Mu?oz and Sobrino’s generalized single-channel method,which was used in assessing the distribution and spatial patterns of the thermal environment.The relative thermal environment curve(RTC) was combined with Moran’s I analysis to assess the pattern dynamics of the thermal environment in different urbanization periods.Moran’s I index and the RTC represent a process of aggregation-fragmentation-aggregation,which shows the aggregation pattern of a decrease during the rapid urbanization period and then an increase during the steady urbanization period.High-temperature areas gradually expanded to a uniform and scattered distribution in the rapid urbanization period;while the high thermal-environment effect was gradually transformed into a steady spatial pattern in the stable urbanization period.To characterize the increasing development in this multiple-center city,we chose profiles along an urban-development axis.The results suggest that heat islands have expanded from internal urban to external urban areas.Four profiles were obtained showing differences in shape due to spatial differences in the process of development.     

Spatio-temporal Analysis of Urban Spatial Interaction in Globalizing China —— A Case Study of Beijing-Shanghai Corridor

This paper aims to explore urban geography with a new perspective. Endowed with the urban geography connotations, an improved data field model is employed to integrate temporal dimension into spatial process of cities in a typical region in this article. Taking the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor including 18 cities as an example, the authors chose the city centricity index (CCI) and the spatial data field model to analyze the evolution process and features of sub-region and urban spatial interaction in this corridor based on the data of 1991, 1996 and 2002. Through the analysis, we found that: 1) with the improvement of the urbanization level and the development of urban economy, the cities' CCI grew, the urban spatial radiative potential enhanced and the radiative range expanded gradually, which reflects the urban spatial interaction's intensity has been increasing greatly; 2) although the spatial interaction intensity among the cities and sub-regions in the Beijing-Shanghai Corridor was growing constantly, the gap of the spatial interaction strength among different cities and sub-regions was widening, and the spatial division between the developed areas and the less developed areas was obvious; and 3) the intensity of the spatial interaction of Beijing, Shanghai and their urban agglomerations was far greater than that in small cities of other parts of the corridor, and it may have a strong drive force on the choice of spatial location of the economic activities.     

青藏高原城镇化格局的时空分异特征及影响因素

研究青藏高原城镇化格局的时空分异及其影响因素,有利于推动青藏高原现代人类活动时空过程的认知,对青藏高原就地就近城镇化及可持续发展具有参考意义。根据历次人口普查数据,本研究构建青藏高原县市尺度城镇化空间数据集,参考城镇化发展阶段,采用LISA空间类型划分法和空间计量回归模型,系统分析1990-2010年青藏高原内部城镇化格局的时空分异特征及影响因素。主要结论包括：① 青藏高原整体城镇化水平偏低,2017年底,青藏高原主体部分青海省和西藏自治区的常住人口城镇化水平分别为53.07%和30.8%,低于全国同期水平的58.52%,但青藏高原内不乏高水平城镇化地区,而且各地区间城镇化水平的空间差异缩小;② 青海西部柴达木盆地是高水平城镇化集聚区,羌塘地区是低水平城镇化集聚区,地级行政中心所在县市多呈现自身高、周边低的城镇化格局;③ 与内地相似,第二、三产业从业机会是推动青藏高原城镇化发展重要因素,社会公共服务资源对城镇化拉动作用开始凸显。研究结果可以为青藏高原人类活动研究和青藏高原就地就近城镇化可持续发展政策提供参考。     

基于夜间灯光数据估算安徽省县级尺度城镇化水平

城镇化是地区经济发展和社会进步的重要标志,研究城镇化水平对城镇科学发展和政府高效决策具有重要意义。夜间灯光数据包含了人类活动和经济社会发展等信息,弥补了指标法的不确定性和滞后性等不足,可以更加直观地反映城镇化水平,为城镇化研究提供了新的思路。现有的研究,已经有用夜间灯光数据分析宏观尺度的城镇化水平,但由于DMSP-OLS数据和NPP-VIIRS数据的时间范围均较短,且2种数据的时间尺度不连续,且空间分辨率和辐射分辨率不一致,因此目前主要集中于使用一种夜间灯光数据研究城镇化水平,且研究的时间跨度较短。此外,虽然已有研究表明,大尺度的社会经济活动与夜间光照情况有较强的相关关系,但在较小尺度下,这种相关性受地区经济发展以及灯光数据分辨率的影响较大,对估算精度有更高的要求,因此需要使用实际数据证明使用夜间灯光数据估算县级城镇化水平的合理性。本文使用DMSP_OLS和NPP_VIIRS夜间灯光数据,估算了2006—2015年安徽省县级尺度城镇化水平,为夜间灯光数据在长时间序列的城镇化研究中提供理论支撑。首先分别计算DMSP-OLS和NPP-VIIRS平均夜间灯光指数,以NPP-VIIRS灯光指数为自变量,以DMSP-OLS灯光指数为因变量,对2012年和2013年的2种灯光指数年数据进行曲线拟合,建立2种灯光数据的对应关系,得到2006—2015年安徽省各区县的DMSP-OLS平均夜间灯光指数;然后从人口、经济、社会生活和农业机械化4个方面选取城镇化指标,使用层次分析法计算基于统计数据的城镇化水平;最后将灯光指数与基于统计数据的城镇化水平进行相关性分析和线性回归分析,讨论了安徽省各区县灯光指数和基于统计数据的城镇化水平的时空分布的异同点,分析了同时使用两种灯光指数估算长时间序列城镇化水平的合理性。研究结果显示,灯光指数和基于统计数据的城镇化水平在县级尺度上具有高度相关性,相关系数为0.91（P<0.05）,线性回归的拟合优度R²=0.82。灯光指数和基于统计数据的城镇化水平的时空分布基本一致,空间上,安徽省城镇化水平整体分布不均衡,呈现出东高西低的规律;时间上,2006—2015年城镇化水平呈现逐年增长的趋势,合肥市辖区、马鞍山市辖区等发达城区的城镇化水平增长速度较快,而霍丘县、寿县等经济欠发达地区增长较缓慢。     

Assessment of Human Impacts on Vegetation in Built-up Areas in China Based on AVHRR,MODIS and DMSP_OLS Nighttime Light Data,1992–2010

Since the reform and opening-up program started in 1978,the level of urbanization has increased rapidly in China.Rapid urban expansion and restructuring have had significant impacts on the ecological environment especially within built-up areas.In this study,ArcGIS 10,ENVI 4.5,and Visual FoxPro 6.0 were used to analyze the human impacts on vegetation in the built-up areas of 656Chinese cities from 1992 to 2010.Firstly,an existing algorithm was refined to extract the boundaries of the built-up areas based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP_OLS)nighttime light data.This improved algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy and speed.Secondly,a mathematical model(Human impacts(HI))was constructed to measure the impacts of human factors on vegetation during rapid urbanization based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NDVI.HI values greater than zero indicate relatively beneficial effects while values less than zero indicate proportionally adverse effects.The results were analyzed from four aspects:the size of cities(metropolises,large cities,medium-sized cities,and small cities),large regions(the eastern,central,western,and northeastern China),administrative divisions of China(provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities)and vegetation zones(humid and semi-humid forest zone,semi-arid steppe zone,and arid desert zone).Finally,we discussed how human factors impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.We found that urban planning policies and developmental stages impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The negative human impacts followed an inverted′U′shape,first rising and then falling with increase of urban scales.China′s national policies,social and economic development affected vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The findings can provide a scientific basis for municipal planning departments,a decision-making reference for government,and scientific guidance for sustainable development in China.     

城市建成区多源遥感协同提取方法研究

城市建成区边界是城市研究重要的基础信息,也是落实城市功能空间布局、实施界限管控的前提。DMSP/OLS夜间灯光数据已被广泛应用于城市建成区的提取,但由于受饱和、扩散及低分辨率问题的影响,导致仅依靠DMSP/OLS NTL映射城市建成区仍然是一个巨大的挑战。本文以京津冀为例,采用MODIS NDVI和DMSP / OLS夜光数据相结合解决NTL影像的饱和及扩散问题,提取城市建成区潜在范围,并辅以Landsat NDVI数据,采用本文提出的最大自相关双阈值方法进行自适应修正,最后采用目视解译对结果进行验证。实验结果表明,多源遥感协同方法提取城市建成区的总体精度和kappa系数分别为92.9%和0.88,在空间分布和统计数据中均有较高的有效性和可靠性。     

Spatio-temporal distribution of vegetation index and its influencing factors——a case study of the Jiaozhou Bay,China

The coastal zone is an area characterized by intense interaction between land and sea, high sensitivity to regional environmental changes, and concentrated human activities. Little research has investigated vegetation cover changes in coastal zones resulting from climate change and land-use change, with a lack of knowledge about the driving mechanism. Normalized diff erence vegetation index(NDVI) can be used as an indicator for change of the coastal environment. In this study, we analyzed the interannual changes and spatial distribution of NDVI in the coastal zone around Jiaozhou Bay in Qingdao, a coastal city undergoing rapid urbanization in northeast China. The underlying causes of NDVI variations were discussed in the context of climate change and land-use change. Results showed that the spatio-temporal distribution of NDVI displayed high spatial variability in the study area and showed a typical trend of gradually increasing from coastal to inland regions. The significant increase area of NDVI was mainly found in newly added construction land, extending along the coastline towards the inland. Land vegetation cover demonstrated a certain response relationship to sea-land climate change and land-based activities. The impact of land-based human activities was slightly greater than that of sea-land climate change for land vegetation cover. The results indicate that promoting ecological policies can build an ecological security framework of vegetation suitable for the resource characteristics of coastal cities. The framework will buf fer the negative ef fects of sea-land climate change and land-based human activities on vegetation cover and thereby achieve the balance of regional development and ecological benefits in the coastal zone.