Impact of Meteorological Drought on Streamflow Drought in Jinghe River Basin of China

Under global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious natural hazards, affecting the ecological environ- ment and human life. Drought can be categorized as meteorological, agricultural, hydrological or socio-economic drought. Among the different categories of drought, hydrological drought, especially streamflow drought, has been given more attention by local govern- ments, researchers and the public in recent years. Identifying the occurrence of streamflow drought and issuing early warning can pro- vide timely information for effective water resources management. In this study, streamflow drought is detected by using the Standard- ized Runoff Index, whereas meteorological drought is detected by the Standardized Precipitation Index. Comparative analyses of fre- quency, magnitude, onset and duration are conducted to identify the impact of meteorological drought on streamflow drought. This study focuses on the Jinghe River Basin in Northwest China, mainly providing the following findings. 1） Eleven meteorological droughts and six streamflow droughts were indicated during 1970 and 1990 after pooling using Inter-event time and volume Criterion method. 2） Streamflow drought in the Jinghe River Basin lagged meteorological drought for about 127 days. 3） The frequency of streamflow drought in Jinghe River Basin was less than meteorological drought. However, the average duration of streamflow drought is longer. 4） The magnitude of streamflow drought is greater than meteorological drought. These results not only play an important theo- retical role in understanding relationships between different drought categories, but also have practical implications for streamflow drought mitigation and regional water resources management.     

利用GRACE监测中国区域干旱及其影响因素分析

利用2003-01~2012-12的GRACE时变地球重力场模型计算我国长江中下游平原、西南地区和华北平原陆地水储量变化的时间序列。结果表明,长江中下游平原和华北平原的陆地水储量变化量最低值在2011-05,西南地区最低值在2010-03。根据陆地水储量变化的水平衡原理计算3个区域地下水储量变化情况。结果表明,长江中下游平原和西南地区地下水储量呈缓慢增长的趋势,增长速率分别为0.54 mm/月和0.34 mm/月;华北地区呈缓慢减小的趋势,减小速率为0.33 mm/月。3个区域干旱时期地下水储量的亏损情况分别为：长江中下游平原-21.31 mm/月,华北平原-19.88 mm/月,西南地区-15.72 mm/月。最后,用NOAA发布的月降雨和气温数据对3个区域干旱期间的降雨量和蒸发量进行量化,分析3次干旱产生的原因。结果表明,西南地区2010年春季干旱的主要原因是气温异常,长江中下游平原和华北平原2011年干旱的主要原因是降雨量偏少。     

东海盆地西湖凹陷沉积记录的天文旋回响应

基于东海陆架盆地古新世-始新世前人解释的三级层序成果,认为东海陆架盆地现有的三级层序划分不足以满足当下研究的需要,由此开展了旋回地层与层序地层研究,重新将三级层序界面的与基于对岩性及地震相特征变化的解释相结合,加入了天文旋回驱动的机制,阐明海平面变化驱动三级层序的特征。以东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷的BSH-1井及其相邻的NB-25-2-1井为研究对象,结合地层学研究基础,选取GR测井曲线为古气候替代指标,应用旋回地层学的理论及其时间序列分析、频谱分析技术的方法,对两口典型钻井进行了天文旋回分析,借助邻井时间锚点建立了有效的天文年代标尺,探讨了斜率周期信号变化的振幅调制的约1.2 Ma长周期与海平面变化以及三级层序发育的关系,认为东海陆架盆地三级层序受控于稳定的约1.2 Ma的斜率振幅调制周期。最终形成一套绝对天文年代标尺与一套三级层序划分方案。      

Response of Vegetation Cover Change to Drought at Different Time-scales in the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region,China

Dominated by an arid and semiarid continental climate, the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstorm Source Region(BTSSR) is a typical ecologically fragile region with frequently occurring droughts. To provide information for regional vegetation protection and drought prevention, we assessed the relations between vegetation cover change(measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI) at different time-scales, in different growth stag...     

Comparative Assessment of Tundra Vegetation Changes Between North and Southwest Slopes of Changbai Mountains,China, in Response to Global Warming

Vegetation in high altitude areas normally exhibits the strongest response to global warming. We investigated the tundra vegetation on the Changbai Mountains and revealed the similarities and differences between the north and the southwest slopes of the Changbai Mountains in response to global warming. Our results were as follows: 1) The average temperatures in the growing season have increased from 1981 to 2015, the climate tendency rate was 0.38℃/10 yr, and there was no obvious change in precipitation observed. 2) The tundra vegetation of the Changbai Mountains has changed significantly over the last 30 years. Specifically, herbaceous plants have invaded into the tundra zone, and the proportion of herbaceous plants was larger than that of shrubs. Shrub tundra was transforming into shrub-grass tundra. 3) The tundra vegetation in the north and southwest slopes of the Changbai Mountains responded differently to global warming. The southwest slope showed a significantly higher degree of invasion from herbaceous plants and exhibited greater vegetation change than the north slope. 4) The species diversity of plant communities on the tundra zone of the north slope changed unimodally with altitude, while that on the tundra zone of the southwest slope decreased monotonously with altitude. Differences in the degree of invasion from herbaceous plants resulted in differences in species diversity patterns between the north and southwest slopes. Differences in local microclimate, plant community successional stage and soil fertility resulted in differential responses of tundra vegetation to global warming.     

新疆塔里木盆地北缘铀矿勘查中高分辨率遥感分析应用

 高分辨率遥感技术(包括高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率)是新世纪以来地质勘查领域的重要新技术、新方法。本文以新疆塔里木盆地北缘巴什布拉克铀矿区和柯坪地区为例,研究了Quickbird高空间分辨率卫星遥感技术和CASI(Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager)/SASI (Shortwave infrared Airborne Spectrographic Imager)航空高光谱遥感技术在铀矿勘查中的应用。首先,介绍了Quickbird和CASI/SASI高分辨率遥感数据的特点和处理方法;然后,分析了Quickbird高空间分辨率遥感技术在新疆塔里木盆地北缘巴什布拉克铀矿区油气还原褪色蚀变识别与空间分布规律分析中的应用,为铀矿油气还原成因研究和外围找矿方向提供重要依据;并研究了Quickbird与CASI/SASI两种高分辨率遥感技术在新疆塔里木盆地北缘柯坪地区铀矿勘查中的应用,发现了萨拉姆布拉克铀矿化带及其铀矿化蚀变空间分布特征,确定了铀矿化蚀变类型,预测了铀矿找矿靶区,为该地区铀矿勘查的新突破提供了重要依据。上述应用表明,高分辨率遥感技术在铀矿地质勘查领域可以取得很好的应用效果,值得广大遥感地质工作者今后进一步深入挖掘其应用潜力。     

Analysis of groundwater recoverable resource by numerical method in Linfen Basin of Shanxi, North China

Calculation of the groundwater recoverable resource is the main part of groundwater resource evaluation. The three-dimensional groundwater flow model in Linfen Basin was established by GMS software. Then the numerical model was calibrated by observed groundwater level from February to December in 2 000. Based on the calibrated model, the groundwater recoverable resource is calculated. The simulation result shows that under the given value of the groundwater recoverable resource, the groundwater level would decrease significantly in the first 1 000 days, while the water level would drop slowly in 1 000 to 2 000 days, and the water level change tend to be stable after 2000 days.     

Analysis of groundwater recoverable resource by numerical method in Linfen Basin of Shanxi, North China

Calculation of the groundwater recoverable resource is the main part of groundwater resource evaluation. The three-dimensional groundwater flow model in Linfen Basin was established by GMS software. Then the numerical model was calibrated by observed groundwater level from February to December in 2 000. Based on the calibrated model, the groundwater recoverable resource is calculated. The simulation result shows that under the given value of the groundwater recoverable resource, the groundwater level would decrease significantly in the first 1 000 days, while the water level would drop slowly in 1 000 to 2 000 days, and the water level change tend to be stable after 2000 days.     

华北地区2009~2013年地下物质密度变化及其地壳运动含义

基于华北地区2009~2013年半年尺度重力复测资料,利用扣除半年和年周期获得的重力年变率反演计算华北地区地下物质密度变化。结果显示,华北地区总体上呈现东、西两侧的山西地区和渤海湾盆地为负变化,中间地带的华北平原表现为正变化,揭示了华北平原中下地壳因两侧膨胀和岩石圈热物质上涌而使物质处于压缩状态。     

鄂尔多斯盆地前寒武纪末期古地貌恢复及其对烃源岩的控制作用

鄂尔多斯盆地前寒武纪末期古地貌控制着后期沉积体系的空间配置与古地理展布。通过野外剖面、岩芯分析、测井数据等建立鄂尔多斯盆地寒武系层序地层格架;选取寒武纪SS1最大海泛面(徐庄组沉积晚期地层)为标志层,通过残余厚度印模法,并结合古地质图分析,对研究区前寒武纪进行古地貌恢复,明确了前寒武纪沉积背景、构造格局及物源方向。总体上,前寒武纪鄂尔多斯盆地南、北濒临秦祁海和兴蒙海,东、西被贺兰和晋豫陕坳拉槽所夹持,古地貌东北高、西南低,受秦祁海影响最大,可将其划分为3个古构造地貌单元:高地剥蚀区、受古构造控制形成的坳陷区以及处于剥蚀与沉积过渡地带的斜坡阶地区。通过研究前寒武纪末期古地貌与寒武纪早期烃源岩分布认为,拉张活动背景下的坳陷带以及斜坡带是鄂尔多斯盆地寒武纪早期烃源岩发育的有利区块,前寒武纪古地貌格局影响了寒武纪早期烃源岩发育与分布。恢复古地貌形态对于揭示物源供给,研究沉积物搬运、平面和纵向展布特征,探究沉积、沉降中心的迁移规律,以及进一步揭示生储盖组合和分布具有重大意义。     

Chemical and isotopic approach to groundwater cycle in western Qaidam Basin, China

Due to the extremely arid climate in the western Qaidam Basin, the groundwater almost becomes the single water source for local residents and industrial production. It is necessary to know the reliable information on the groundwater cycle in this region for reasonable and sustainable exploitation of the groundwater resources with the further execution of recycling economy policies. This study focused on the recharge, the flow rate and the discharge of groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin through investigations on water chemistry and isotopes. Hydrological, chemical and isotopic characteristics show that the groundwater in the western Qaidam Basin was recharged by meltwater from new surface snow and old bottom glaciers on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. In addition, the results also prove that the source water is enough and stable, and the rates of the circulation and renewal of the groundwater are relatively quick. Therefore, it can be concluded that the groundwater resources would guarantee the regional requirement if the meltwater volume of the mountains has not a great changes in future, moreover, water exploitation should be limited to the renewable amount of the groundwater reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin.     

华北地区应力累积变化及其对现今地震活动的指示

基于分层粘弹性流变介质模型和中小地震震源机制解反演得出的区域应力场,给出历史强震对华北地区的库仑应力加载情况.结果 显示,华北地区当前中等地震活动与历史强震的应力加载相关.超过85％的中等地震发生在应力加载区,表明其主体活动区域受控于历史强震的库仑应力加载.     

利用布格重力资料研究华北裂陷盆地地壳结构特征

通过对华北地区1∶50万布格重力资料进行小波多尺度分析,得到自地表至莫霍面不同空间尺度范围内地质体产生的重力异常。讨论各阶小波变换细节特性及相应地质构造特征认为,华北裂陷盆地的隆起、坳陷与重力异常的高、低存在明显的对应关系,并给出了它们的下延深度。分析结果显示,华北裂陷盆地内深大断裂两侧岩石密度存在较大差异。采用帕克法反演得到华北地区莫霍界面深度在29～42 km范围内,在太行山与华北平原交界地区存在明显的地壳厚度变化梯级带。     

乌干达Albert盆地北部上新统旋回地层学研究

乌干达Albert盆地是一个富含油气的中新生代地堑,然而目前研究程度较浅,整个盆地尚未建立统一的地层格架,盆地充填与沉积演化过程研究也不够深入。以该盆地北部上新统为研究对象,选择区内具有代表性的3口井进行米兰科维奇旋回研究。通过对GR数据进行频谱分析和连续小波变换发现,3口井中均保留了96 ka的短偏心率周期,说明该盆地北部上新统受到了短偏心率周期的控制。通过滤波分析提取出各井的短偏心率变化曲线,建立了该地区精确的天文年代标尺,在此基础上,对目的层段进行旋回划分,发现旋回个数与短偏心率周期个数基本一致。沉积速率的计算结果表明,目的层沉积速率相对稳定,主要集中于0.1~0.2 m/ka之间。本次研究对进一步深入认识Albert盆地的沉积演化特征具有重要意义。      

北秦岭东部及华北南缘古生代以来花岗岩时空分布及其构造意义

北秦岭东部及华北板块南缘由多条断裂以及韧性剪切带分割成不同块体,这些块体中分布着不同时代不同类型的花岗岩。在前人关于该区花岗岩研究的基础上,详细归纳和分析了研究区古生代以来花岗岩体的时空分布、地球化学特征及其构造属性。研究表明这些花岗岩可分为3个时期:加里东期、印支期和燕山期。加里东期花岗岩为准铝质到弱过铝质的钙碱性系列,具大陆弧花岗岩特征;印支期花岗岩为高钾钙碱性系列,地球化学特征与后碰撞阶段花岗岩较为相似;燕山期花岗岩表现为从早到晚由高Sr低Y型埃达克质岩向A型花岗岩转变为特征。本区花岗岩的这种时空分布特征暗示了该区构造演化经历了加里东期俯冲造山、印支期碰撞造山以及燕山期陆内构造等演化阶段。      

Vegetation Restoration in Response to Climatic and Anthropogenic Changes in the Loess Plateau,China

A thorough understanding of the vegetation succession in relation to both climatic changes and anthropogenic activities is vital for the formulation of adaptation strategies that address potential ecosystem challenges. Various climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation, as well as anthropogenic factors such as ecological engineering and population migration, will affect the conditions for vegetation. However, the relationships among various factors remain unclear and the response of vegetation to climate change and anthropogenic activities in the Loess Plateau of China has not been well established. This study investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics and relationships between vegetation coverage and climatic factors in the Loess Plateau for the period of 1985–2015. Further analysis separated the anthropogenic and climatic factors on vegetation succession based on residual analysis. The results showed that the normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) followed a significant upward trend with annual change rates of 0.15% during 1985–2015. The trend of human-induced NDVI increase was consistent with the spatial distribution of increasing forest areas in the eastern part of the Loess Plateau. Eco-restoration projects were the main driving factors that promoted vegetation coverage on the Loess Plateau. Furthermore, these results demonstrated that migrants to cities in the Loess Plateau could relieve ecological pressures and promote vegetation restoration. Therefore, the government should strive to increase population mobility and restore vegetation to sustain this particularly fragile ecological environment.     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

1IntroductionHailar Basin is located in the eastern part of In-ner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, with the area of 44 210 km2 (Fig.1).Fig.1SketchmapshowingthelocationofHailarBasinThe Hailar Basin is neither different from the foreland basin of west pa…     

Oil and Gas Distribution in Hailar Basin,Northeast China

Through petroleum exploration of 20 years, a new petroleum production area has been constructed in Hailar Basin. Their petroleum geological characteristics and hydrocarbon distribution has been known in detail. The Hailar Basin is a basin group consisted of many scattered sub-basins with similar structural developed history. Each sub-basin has unique hydrocarbon distributing rules, including (1) oil/gas reservoir distribution is controlled by the oil/gas sag, and the oil/gas bearing in big sag is rich; (2) underwater fan and turbidity fan are the most favorable reservoirs; structure zone controlled by main fault is favorable zone of forming composite oil/gas accumulation; (3) lower fault-block in higher rise and higher fault-block in lower rise are favorable to oil/gas accumulation; (4) deep fault and granite body are closely related to oil/gas reservoir, its distributing area is favorable area of oil and mantle source non-hydrocarbon gas formation;(5) higher geothermal area is favorable oil/gas bearing area.     

Response of ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria to short-term fertilization in a salt marsh in China

This study examines the impacts of short-term(6 months) fertilization on the community structure and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing betaproteobacteria(β-AOB) and the potential nitrification rate in sediment colonized by S uaeda heteroptera in a saltmarsh located in Shuangtai estuary, China. The sediment samples were collected from plots treated with different amounts of an N fertilizer(urea supplied at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/kg(nitrogen content in dry sediment)), and with different forms of N fertilizers(urea,(NH4) 2 SO 4, and NH_4NO_3, each supplied at 0.2 g/kg). The fertilizers were applied 1–4 times during the plant-growing season in May, July, August and September of 2013. Untreated plots were included as a control. As revealed in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the 16 S r RNA gene, the β-AOB community responded to both the amount and form of N. Real-time quantitative PCR indicated that both abundance and potential nitrification rate of β-AOB increased after N addition, regardless of concentration and form(except NH_4NO_3). These results provide evidence that short-term N application influences the sediment β-AOB community, β-AOB abundance and potential nitrification rate in a saltmarsh ecosystem.     

乍得Bongor盆地构造反转的油气地质意义

分析总结了乍得Bongor盆地的构造反转特征,着重研究了其对源岩生烃与排烃、储层成岩、圈闭形成及保存、油气运移
等成藏要素的影响,进而探讨了盆地油气成藏特征和资源潜力。结果表明,Bongor盆地的构造反转以地层大幅抬升剥蚀和残余地
层强烈褶皱变形为主要响应特征,造成了烃源岩生烃、排烃过程停滞,浅部油藏的破坏。同时,盆地本身的热结构、热演化在一定
程度上减弱了这种破坏作用,使得烃源岩在构造反转结束以后仍保留有较好的生烃潜力。地层抬升剥蚀使得储层压实-胶结等
成岩作用减弱,溶蚀淋滤作用增强,深部储层得以保存;残余地层的褶皱变形形成了大量的反转构造,为油气最终运聚-成藏提供
了储集空间。