基于相似系数的1种算法在遥感图像分类中的应用

用基于向量夹角余弦的相似系数方法对黄河三角洲 1 998年 1 2月份的 Landsat- 5TM遥感影像进行了分类 ,分类精度分析表明用夹角余弦作为分类的相似性度量指标是合理的。这种遥感图像的分类方法简单 ,在实际分类中可以作为常用的方法之一。     

浮子水位、雷达水位双备份观测系统设计

珠江口水文信息系统的水文观测站都是无人站, 采用的均是浮子式水位计, 且数量逐年增多, 发生故障后, 修复时间长, 造成数据缺测。为了解决这个问题, 本文提出使用浮子水位、雷达水位双备份观测方式, 数据中心可以通过人工干预或系统自动智能诊断方式分时间段分别从浮子水位、雷达水位中挑选数据作为该站点的实际连续观测数据。本文阐述浮子水位和雷达水位双备份观测的实时数据传输系统组成及工作原理, 并通过对浮子水位、雷达水位观测数据的对比分析, 验证数据中心通过这种分时间段组合挑选的数据具有连续性、有效性, 可作为观测站的实际观测数据, 浮子水位、雷达水位双备份观测系统可以应用在珠江口水文信息系统或类似观测领域。     

基于提升回归树的东、黄海鲐鱼渔场预报

为提高东、黄海鲐鱼渔场预报准确率、降低渔业生产成本,研究提出了一种基于提升回归树的渔场预报模型。研究采用2003—2010年我国大型灯光围网渔捞日志数据,以有网次记录的小渔区为渔场,以渔捞日志未记录的区域作为背景场随机选择假定非渔场数据,以海表水温等环境因子作为预测变量构建东、黄海鲐鱼渔场预报模型并以2011年的实际作业记录对预报模型进行精度验证。验证计算得到预报模型的AUC(area under receiver operating curve)值为0.897,表明模型的预报精度较高。模型的空间预测结果表明,预报渔场与实际作业位置基本吻合,其位置移动也与实际情况相符。这表明基于提升回归树的渔场预报模型可以用来进行东、黄海鲐鱼渔场的预报。     

海洋环境管理经济手段的设计

目前由于海洋环境管理经济手段存在较多的缺陷，导致了海洋生态环境的恶化，所以，有必要对海洋环境管理经济手段进行重新设计。本文在论证了以行政干预为主的庇古税和以市场调节为主的科斯手段都不适合中国目前的实际情况以后，认为排污权交易可以作为中国目前海洋环境管理的经济手段。     

高分辨率多道地震勘探技术在南海天然气水合物调查中的应用

天然气水合物资源作为人类未来可以利用的一种清洁能源越来越受到各界的关注。根据天然气水合物矿藏的分布特点,提出用高分辨率多道地震勘探的技术方法对天然气水合物资源进行探查的可行性,并以南海某陆坡天然气水合物资源勘察为例,详细论述了应用该方法的具体步骤和参数选择的重要性。通过分析获得的地震剖面评判该方法在天然气水合物勘探领域的应用前景和实际价值。     

多波束系统数字测深模型设计

根据多波束系统工作原理,充分考虑波束角立体特性及海底地形的二维区域特征,给出多波束系统数字模型的详细设计步骤,并以实际海底水深数据进行检验。结果表明,该模型比较符合理论分析及实际情况,在仿真实验中可以模拟实际的多波束系统。     

基于GIS和分形理论研究的海岸线图像和分维以及长度

分形理论对于海岸线性质的研究具有重要作用,分形插值方法作为处理此类问题的全新手段,可以根据少量数据刻划景物特征,产生预期的景物图像。扼要介绍了分形插值函数,据此可得到景物曲线的分形模拟图像、分维和长度。在此基础上,结合Visual Basic环境和国产全组件式GIS软件SuperMap Objects组件开发平台,开发相应的分形插值计算系统,然后以天津市海岸线为实例,实现海岸线的分形模拟图像,计算出海岸线分维,并归算得到海岸线的实际分形长度。结果表明,应用分形插值系统可以一举获得海岸线的分形模拟图像、分维和长度。     

东海黑潮地转流计算中的零流面选取问题

零流面的选取是东海黑潮地转流计算中的一个基本问题。通过对东海黑潮主流段PN断面上选取不同零流面时地转流计算结果的比较分析,考虑了东海黑潮的主要特征因子,确定了计算零流面的选取标准和选择结果。结果表明,为使计算结果可以反映实际的流速剖面结构,当水深大于700 m和小于700 m时可分别选取700 m层和底边界作为地转流动力计算零流面。     

多通道海洋激光雷达溢油监测系统高台实验分析

系统介绍多通道海洋激光雷达溢油监测系统的硬件结构和高台实验,探讨多通道激光雷达探测溢油的可行性;此系统采用355 nm波长的3倍频Nd:YAG激光作为激发源,利用125 m高的实验平台,在白天和夜晚2种环境下进行实验,获得多种目标的雷达信号,并提取不同目标的特征荧光光谱,分析结果与实际情况相符。实验证明多通道海洋激光雷达溢油监测系统性能可靠,可以有效地进行溢油探测。     

主成分分析法在海洋工程系统风险分析中的应用

风险分析作为一门新的应用技术，正在不断地为更多的人们所认识。它不仅在重大项目的投资分析中起着不可缺少的重要作用，并且正在被广泛的应用于军事、环境、科学和工程等领域中。但是，如何在系统风险分析中，特别是在工程系统风险分析中对已识别出的风险事件进行量化分析、找出主要风险事件对系统的影响及对子系统的风险程度进行比较和分析仍是一个重要的课题。这个问题的解决将使风险分析更接近工程实际、更具有实际的指导意义。文章介绍了主成分分析法的原理和实施步骤，并通过实例介绍了主成分分析法在系统风险分析中的应用。在系统风险分析中使用主成分分析法，可以对系统中各子系统的风险程度进行客观的评估，并且可以对风险事件进行聚类分析，使风险控制更容易实施，并且使风险分析更接近工程实际、更具有指导意义。文章中还指出了在使用主成分分析法时应注意的问题。     

Application of Miller's theorem to the stability analysis of numerical schemes; some useful tools for rapid inspection of discretisations in ocean modelling

An old theorem about the roots of a polynomial is resurfaced and examined, focusing on the practical question of determining stability criteria for numerical schemes. Is is demonstrated that the theorem can be useful both for analytical studies of the stability limits, as well as numerical searches for stability regions. It is particularly important that when deciding whether the scheme is stable or not, it is not necessary to search for the roots of the polynomial. Indeed, such a decision may be reached through a finite and small number of arithmetic operations and verifications of inequalities. In addition to the analysis of the theorem, some practical conditions for polynomial of different orders are presented, as well as some useful tips on how simply necessary or sufficient stability conditions can be obtained.     

The Boomer Sound Source as a Tool for Shallow Water Geophysical Exploration

Technical specifications for small seismic sound sources used in seismic profilers may provide details of the pressure signatures as measured on the primary acoustic axis and in the far field but will rarely provide information regarding off-axis emission or of the form of the signatures in the near field. Since shallow water geophysical mapping is now attracting more attention in research establishments and in the commercial sector, off-axis information could become an important issue. The use of a wide angle seismic configuration on a small scale will demand that directional source information be included in data processing activities if the full potential of the data is to be realised. Direct measurement of the full near and far field characteristics of a source are often not practical, however modelling of the acoustic field may offer a tractable alternative and a means of rapidly generating source functions appropriate for advanced data processing. One such modelling approach reviewed here uses a time domain method to synthesise off-axis signatures using a far field, on-axis reference signature.     

Explicit Solution to the Wave Dispersion Equation with Higher Accuracy

Based on the previous study results, two higher accuracy explicit solutions to the dispersion equation for wave length are presented in this paper. These two solutions have an accuracy of 0.1% over all wave lengths, which is sufficiently complete for practical application. At the same time, several previous explicit solutions also have been reviewed and compared herein. In comparison with accuracy, the results show that the present two solutions are as good as Wu and Thornton's solution (which has a good accuracy over all wave lengths, but its calculation formula is so complex that it is hard to be used with a hand calculator), and are better than the other solutions, they may be rather useful in practical calculation with a hand calculator or computer.     

Fuzzy Probabilistic Analysis of Seismic Stability of Coastal Embankment

The stability of slope is affected by a number of factors, some of which have not only random property but also fuzzy characteristic. Therefore, the analysis of slope stability is really an uncertain problem. The customary safety factor does not in reality reflect stability scientifically, quantitatively and practically. In order to obtain more practical results, the slope stability is treated as a fuzzy random event for the evaluation of its fuzzy probability. Finally, the seismic stability of an existing coastal embankment is analyzed by means of the suggested fuzzy probabilistic method. It may be seen that the results of analysis can more fully represent the numerical assessment of the degree of slope seismic stability.     

Robust regression-based EKF for tracking underwater targets

In underwater target tracking applications, measurement uncertainty and inaccuracies are usually modeled as additive Gaussian noise. The Gaussian model of noise may not be appropriate in many practical systems. The non-Gaussian noise and the model non-linearity arising in a tracking system will seriously affect the tracking performance. This paper discusses one way to create a robust version of the extended Kalman filter for enhanced underwater target tracking. State estimation in the filter is done through the robust regression approach and Welsch's proposal is used in the regression process. Monte Carlo simulation results with heavy-tailed contaminated observation noise demonstrate the robustness of the proposed estimation procedure     

Estimation of extreme wave heights using GEOSAT measurements

Satellite technology has yielded a large database of global ocean wave heights which may be used for engineering applications. However, the sampling protocol used by the satellite leads to some difficulties in making use of these data for practical applications. These difficulties and techniques to estimate extreme wave heights using satellite measurements are discussed. Significant wave heights for a 50-year return period are estimated using GEOSAT measurements for several regions around North America. Techniques described here may be used for estimation of wave heights associated with any specified return interval in regions where buoy data are not readily available.     

Estimation of extreme wave heights using GEOSAT measurements

Satellite technology has yielded a large database of global ocean wave heights which may be used for engineering applications. However, the sampling protocol used by the satellite leads to some difficulties in making use of these data for practical applications. These difficulties and techniques to estimate extreme wave heights using satellite measurements are discussed. Significant wave heights for a 50-year return period are estimated using GEOSAT measurements for several regions around North America. Techniques described here may be used for estimation of wave heights associated with any specified return interval in regions where buoy data are not readily available.     

一类变密度分层介质的反射系数

平面波在变密度分层介质中的反射情况,已有很多著者作过研究^[1,2],但由于数学上的困难,故一般选用的介质模型,不是计算烦琐就是实际情况有较大出入.本文利用了Ψσ之间有某种数学对称性这一特点,选择了一个比较简单,既富有广泛代表性又便于计算的介质模型,理论分析表明:①在高低频极限情况下,反射系数趋于菲涅尔公式.②密度参数不仅影响反射系数,而且还使折射率有所变化.     

Breaking wave impact on vertical and sloping coastal structures

The results of laboratory experiments on the maximum and bottom impact pressures from waves breaking directly on vertical and sloping faced coastal structures are presented. Direct wave breaking on a wall is classified as early, late, and perfect breaking. Although the present study is aimed at dealing with the type of impact resulting from the perfect breaking, to some extent the occurrence of early and late breaking are unavoidable. The wave impact pressures, therefore, have a random nature of variation from impact-to-impact under the same conditions. The maximum and bottom impact pressures on walls are treated statistically. The effects of the wall angle and foreshore slope on these two quantities are examined. The results show that for practical applications, the still-water level can be taken as the acting place for the maximum impact pressure on the wall. Simultaneous impact pressure distribution below and above still-water level may be approximated as parabolic and linear, respectively. Finally, using a wall deflection criterion, a water depth region in front of the wall is defined, where the breaking wave forces may reach a critical level.