华南地区石炭纪海平面波动与沉积效应

根据华南地区上泥盐统一石炭系地层剖面．古生物．岩性岩相及区域性海进海退旋回沉积特征，可划分出四个海平面波动旋回。特别是一、二两个旋回，引起了一系列的沉积效应，如形成含煤岩系，生物演变等；第四个旋回表现相对较弱一些；第三个旋回则表现为广泛的白云岩化。这四个海平面波动旋回与澳洲、欧洲海平面波动旋回相对应．它们均受到晚泥盐世-石炭纪冈瓦纳大陆冰川旋回的影响。这四个海平面波动旋回对华南地区地层古生物，岩相古地理以及沉积矿产具有明显的控制作用。     

江苏的华北型岩石地层主要特征

江苏的徐淮地区 ,大地构造属于华北地台 ,以发育一套巨厚的华北型新元古代—古生代沉积地层为特征 ,基底为华北地台特有的太古宙变质岩群 ,其上为江苏西部地区普遍发育的中、新生代火山沉积盖层。就该区地层发育和出露较齐全的新元古代—古生代的岩石地层序列、岩性岩相特征、古生物组合面貌、海进海退旋回及演化过程进行了系统概述。     

吉林大阳岔上寒武统凤山组—下奥陶统冶里组层序地层和化学地层研究

根据岩相序列、沉积、成岩作用特征,将吉林省大阳岔地区晚寒武世凤山期至早奥陶世冶里期层序地层分为６个三级层序,代表了６个三级海侵—海退旋回;与之相应,该时期碳酸盐岩δ１３Ｃ值变化曲线出现５个低谷,其中凤山期至冶里早期泥晶灰岩δ１３Ｃ值出现４次幅度较大的上升、下降飘移,而冶里中、晚期泥晶灰岩的δ１３Ｃ值是在负值范围内波动。δ１３Ｃ值低谷与层序界面和海退事件基本拟合。牙形类Ｃ．ｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｓ带下部海绿石质凝缩段是寒武纪末—奥陶纪初期最大海泛事件沉积,也是寒武纪与奥陶纪之交等时性的年代地层对比标志。     

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

贵州桐梓松坎剖面中、下三叠统发育齐全,化石丰富,出露良好,是研究上扬子地区海相地层的理想剖面之一。根据地层划分与对比,将其分为下三叠统夜郎组、茅草铺组和中三叠统关岭组。该剖面以碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩为主,其中碳酸盐岩占67％,在夜郞组、茅草铺组和关岭组均有分布;碎屑岩占24％,主要分布于夜郎组。研究表明,松坎剖面中、下三叠统是一套多旋回沉积,其中夜郎组包括2个海进海退旋回,属于潮坪、开阔台地和浅滩沉积环境;茅草铺组包括3个海进海退旋回,属于开阔台地和局限台地沉积环境;关岭组总体上为海退沉积,属于局限台地和潮坪沉积环境。在沉积环境分析的基础上,建立了松坎剖面中、下三叠统的沉积模式,即潮坪-局限台地-浅滩-开阔台地沉积模式。     

安徽宿松上石炭统碳酸盐岩台地沉积物定量分析与海平面变化

安徽宿松地区上石炭统碳酸盐岩发育,厚约100m,化石丰富,属于比较典型的浅海碳酸盐岩台地沉积。定量分析显示,研究区岩石类型主要为颗粒灰岩和泥粒灰岩,颗粒平均含量分别为81.2％和69.6％,以浅海生物碎屑为主;其次为粒泥灰岩和泥晶灰岩,颗粒平均含量分别为26.4％和4.1％。依据岩石学特征,研究区主要发育开阔台地相和潮坪相,并可进一步划分出5种沉积亚相,分别是台内滩、台内盆、台内坪、潮间坪和潮上坪。在研究区上石炭统中共识别出3个长期的海进—海退旋回,其表现出在海平面变化总体呈下降趋势的背景之上叠加了短期的高频海平面波动的特征。这3个旋回与扬子板块其他地区及欧美板块同时代地层中的长期海进—海退旋回相当,表明海平面的变化可能受到晚古生代冈瓦纳大陆冰川的冰期和间冰期交替活动的影响。     

福建龙永煤田顶峰山井田童子岩组沉积环境及其演化

运用沉积学、古生物地层学、层序地层学等方法对福建龙永煤田童子岩组地层及其内主要煤层的沉积特征进行了详细的研究。结果表明童子岩组是一套海陆交互相的沉积,其沉积序列共分为三个沉积旋回,每个旋回都是以海侵开始,以海退结束,每一旋回缓慢海退背景都是由一系列的次级快速海进或海退事件构成。由于不断受到海陆两方面的影响,形成童子岩组中煤层的泥炭沼泽发育呈现出波动式特征,由此导致泥炭沼泽类型呈跳跃式演化,构成了包括碎屑滨岸、障壁岛—潟湖、泥炭坪、潮坪、潮汐三角洲和河控三角洲等沉积相在内的复杂沉积体系。     

珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征

本文根据钻孔资料和沉积分析资料，研究和探讨了珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积特征及其沉积层的形成过程。结果表明，珠江三角洲晚第四纪具有两个陆相－海陆过渡相的沉积旋回；在两个沉积旋回之间，包含了一个海退过程。珠江三角洲晚第四纪沉积层是由晚更新世和全新世两套海进河床充填层序和海退进积层序构成。     

冀北柳江盆地石炭系岩石学特征及沉积环境分析

位于河北北部的柳江盆地石门寨—瓦家山剖面的石炭系包括了本溪组和太原组,虽然区内岩层总厚度很有限,但是其岩石类型多样并发育了多个海进海退旋回。主要的岩石类型包括含砾砂岩、石英砂岩、长石石英砂岩、粉砂岩以及粘土岩。在实测剖面、岩性、沉积构造分析基础上,结合前人的相关研究成果,利用XRD、扫描电镜分析手段对部分样品做更进一步分析,识别出本区的本溪组、太原组都是典型的有障壁海岸沉积。本溪组可以划分出三个海进海退旋回,属于障壁岛、潮道和泻湖沉积环境;太原组可以划分出两个完整的海进海退旋回,属于潮坪和泻湖沉积环境。     

杭州湾晚第四纪沉积与古环境演变

通过对杭州湾第四系钻孔的年代地层学、沉积学、古环境学等多学科综合分析,认为XZK169孔全新世沉积始于孔深17.35m处(年代约为10～9kaBP),其下至孔深86.40m沉积属晚更新世。整个沉积层中可分出3个海进—海退旋回晚更新世早期以陆相沉积为主,出现河湖相—滨海湖泊相—河湖相沉积,气候为温凉干燥—温暖湿润—温凉干燥;晚更新世中晚期出现河湖相—潮滩湖相—浅海相—河口湾相沉积,气候为温凉干燥—寒冷干燥—温凉—暖热湿润—温热湿润;经历了末次冰期侵蚀后,全新世出现浅海相—河口湾相沉积,气候以暖热湿润—温暖湿润为主。约在5kaBP,杭州湾与长江口分离。     

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段岩相古地理及有利区带预测

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段自上而下分为马五1至马五1010个亚段,其中马五1+2、马五4、马五6、马五8、马五10等亚段处于相对海退期,以发育膏盐沉积为特征,马五3、马五5、马五7、马五9等亚段处于相对海进期,以发育灰岩沉积为特征。综合露头剖面、钻井岩心及岩石薄片的观察,结合测井、地震解释及单因素综合方法,在马五段中识别出16种典型的沉积微相序,建立了相应海进期和海退期沉积模式。勾画出古隆起东侧马五段中组合(马五5—马五10亚段)台内颗粒滩分布。恢复了盆地马家沟组五段内10个亚段的岩相古地理。预测了马家沟组上组合(马五1—马五4亚段)风化壳岩溶储层及中组合白云岩储层发育有利相带的平面分布。     

Fischer Plots of Wumishan Cyclothems,Precambrian Records of Third-OrderSea-Level Changes

INTRODUCTIONThe Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Jixian,Tianjin is a succession of 3 300 m thick carbonate strata (Fig.1) where stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms arebest developed. The formation period of Wumishan Formation,about 100 Ma ((310120) Ma, (l 2071 10) Ma. Wang et al.,1995), is categorized as the Ectasian period of the Mesoproterozoic. Varieties of stromatolites in Wumishan Formation,such as Pseudogymnosolen mopanyuense, Scyphus parous,Conophoton conse…     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷中新统韩江组中上部层序结构及深水重力流沉积*

基于地震、测井资料的综合分析开展珠江口盆地白云凹陷中中新世韩江组中上部发育的硅质深水沉积的层序地层、沉积构成和古地理环境研究。韩江组中上部发育1个区域性的二级旋回(CSh),通过不整合面及相应的整合面进一步将该复合层序划分为6个三级层序。一系列陆坡峡谷以及侵蚀作用形成的水道是主要层序界面的重要识别标志,斜坡进积楔、扇朵体的底界面,测井曲线突变以及钙质超微化石的相对低值也可以帮助识别层序界面。盆地的不同位置上层序结构有差异,重力流沉积单元也不同。本次研究在斜坡识别出5种深水沉积单元: 浊流水道复合体、斜坡扇、陆坡峡谷、进积楔和半远洋—远洋沉积,在深海盆地识别出扇朵叶体。将浊流水道复合体划分为5种沉积单元: 滞留沉积、水道天然堤、滑塌及碎屑流沉积、侧向增生体和末期充填沉积。在陆坡、陆隆以及深水盆地分别识别出侵蚀水道、侵蚀加积水道和加积水道。     

贵州江口震旦系陡山沱组沉积层序和沉积环境分析

通过对贵州江口桃映及邻区的坝黄、石竹溪的陡山沱组剖面的沉积序列研究,将陡山沱组划分为2个海侵-海退层序,并根据层序对比认为陡山沱期的生物群均产于陡山沱期第二次海平面开始上升之后形成的沉积中.从晚震旦世陡山沱期的第二次海侵开始是多细胞藻类、后生动物的第一次"爆发".桃映陡山沱组剖面产庙河生物群分子的沉积为局限滞流海盆沉积,进一步证明了庙河生物群型宏体生物的生存、保存环境模式仅限于局限滞流海盆中,为贫氧环境.     

库车坳陷却勒—羊塔井区库姆格列木群底砂岩段高精度层序对比及油气开发意义

高精度层序地层为密集井网开发井区储层精细对比提供了重要手段。库车坳陷却勒—羊塔井区库姆格列木群底砂岩段以相对稳定的水进面为界进行的高精度层序划分、对比和沉积微相分析结果表明,底砂岩段可划分出4个四级层序和6个五级层序,羊塔井区以干盐湖环境河流三角洲前缘沉积为主,形成3~4套分布较稳定、粒度较细的砂体,物源来自东部和东南部的前缘隆起区,是河流长距离搬运的结果。却勒井区砂体厚度变化较大,可识别出3期较大规模的水进—水退旋回,发育3套厚度较大、近物源的辫状河道、三角洲前缘河口坝和水下分流河道砂体,这些砂体由北西向南东方向变薄,碎屑体系分析表明物源来自西部温宿凸起区。古地理再造表明两井区形成于两套沉积体系,之间有一湖湾分隔,层序—沉积体系的差异和分布决定着储层分布和油田布井开发的方案。     

The effects of differential subsidence and coastal topography on high-order transgressive-regressive cycles: Pliocene nearshore deposits of the Val d'Orcia Basin, Northern Apennines, Italy

This study focuses on the lowstand and early transgressive systems tracts of a basin-fill sequence of lower Pliocene nearshore deposits in the Val d'Orcia Basin of the Northern Apennines, Italy. The basin at that time was a semi-enclosed marine embayment, and, in the study area, its margin was subject to highly variable subsidence along the depositional strike, attributed to a decrease in tectonic displacement. The nearshore succession in the more rapidly-subsiding segment of the basin is around 20 m thick, comprising three storeys of laterally-stacked Gilbert-type delta lobes overlain by a shoal-water delta, whereas the nearshore succession in the adjacent, more slowly-subsiding segment, is up to 9 m thick. This succession is characterised by alternation of shoreface and offshore deposits, moderately wave-worked and covered by shoal-water deltaic facies.These coeval nearshore successions consist of several transgressive-regressive cyclothems. The development and lateral variation of the cyclothems was controlled by the local subsidence rate and coastal topographic gradient. Some of the cyclothems are considered to be higher-order sequences and others to be parasequences, with the former passing laterally into the latter in the area where the sea-level fall was countered by fast local subsidence. Some of the bounding surfaces are of limited lateral extent, with two parasequences passing laterally into a single one.Coastal topography controlled particularly the thickness of transgressive deposits. In the low-gradient setting of a delta plain, the relative sea-level rises caused major landward shifts of the shoreline and reduced fluvial sediment supply, with the formation of a transgressive lag in sediment-starved conditions. In the high-gradient coastal setting of the non-deltaic zone, the shoreline shift was minimal and had relatively little impact on local sediment supply, which promoted an accretionary transgression.At the end of the lowstand stage, the rate of sediment accumulation in the non-deltaic nearshore zone was lower, allowing the onset of subsequent transgression to be recorded considerably earlier than in the deltaic nearshore zone. This diachroneity suggests that facies criteria alone may not necessarily be a reliable basis for the recognition of systems tract boundaries.     

天津蓟县雾迷山组高频旋回沉积特征

天津蓟县剖面的中元古界雾迷山组是一套厚达3 300 m的碳酸盐岩地层,其中广泛发育具有近似对称相序组构的雾迷山旋回层,属于特殊的环潮坪型碳酸盐米级旋回层序。在对旋回层内部岩石成因单元的类型及组合分析的基础上,建立了雾迷山旋回层的基本模式和沉积环境模式,并对成因单元的岩石磁化率特征及其对高频旋回的反映进行了探索。认为雾迷山旋回层为沉积环境的水深由较浅—较深—较浅—暴露条件下的沉积,可能代表真正的沉积旋回;其成因单元之间具有明显的有序叠置形态,表明它有可能是与米兰柯维奇旋回具有成因关联的高频率海平面变化所控制的自旋回沉积作用的产物。     

扬子克拉通北缘中元古界神农架群台子组沉积特征*

有关扬子克拉通北缘神农架地区中元古界神农架群台子组沉积环境的认识一直存有分歧,文中基于野外和室内的综合研究讨论了台子组的沉积环境。台子组底部为蛋青色砂砾岩,下部为灰色、肉粉色细粉晶白云岩,中部为灰绿色、浅灰色石英中—细砂岩、粉砂岩与深灰色粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩和泥质粉砂岩组合,上部则是粉砂岩—泥岩韵律。同时,台子组石英砂岩中以发育块状层理和平行层理为主,粉砂岩和泥岩则发育丰富的水平层理和透镜状层理。砂岩粒度概率累计曲线显示斜率较大,跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量低,无滚动组分,其中跳跃组分又以二段或多段式为特征。上述沉积指相标志和粒度分析均表明,台子组形成于滨岸与潮坪沉积环境,同时纵向沉积序列上,碎屑岩沉积物粒度表现为粗—细—粗—细演化特征,沉积相由下部到上部呈现滨岸相—碳酸盐岩缓坡台地相—潟湖相—潮坪相—潟湖相的演替规律,总体上构成由退积—进积—退积—进积的沉积序列。     

Basic Lithofacies-Succession Model for the Wumishan Cyclothems: Their Markov Chain Analysis and Regularly Vertical Stacking Patterns in the Third-Order Sequences

The Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in the Jixian section of Tianjin is a succession of 3300-m-thick carbonate strata formed in a period of about 100 Ma (1310±20 Ma-1207±10 Ma). In this succession of strata, the carbonate metre-scale cyclic sequences belonging to peritidal type with an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-succession are best developed. The wide development of 1:4 stacking patterns shows that these metre-scale cyclic sequences are genetically related to the short-eccentricity cycles, which are called the Wumishan cyclothems that could truly represent sedimentary cycles. Generally, massive and thick-bedded calcareous dolomites and dolomitic limestones of stromatolite biostromes and thrombolite bioherms constitute the central part of the Wumishan cyclothems. The lower and upper parts consist of tidal flat dolostones, sandy-muddy dolostone and the top part is composed of lagoonal facies dolomitic shales with a paleosol cap. Therefore, an approximately symmetrical lithofacies-successio     

Triassic Transgressive-Regressive Sequences in Guizhou-Guangxi Region, South China

Theprimaryobjectofthesequencestratigraphyistorecoghzetherepetitivesequenceswithinstratigraphicsuccession,andtostudythetemporalandspatialdistriblltionofdepositionalsyStemsandstratalgeometries.TherearethreemajorparadigmSwhichcanbeusedtOdelineatethesequences:(1)delineatingdepositionalsequenCeSbyimportantunconfodritiesandtheircorrelatableconformitiesopsarnentierandVail,1988),(2)delineatinggeneticsequencesbymaximum--floodingsurfacesandtheircorrelatableconformities(Galloway,1989);and(3)delineating…     

Sedimentation regime and accommodation space in the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous on the eastern Russian Plate

This study presents new data on transgressive-regressive and accommodation-sedimentation regimes in the eastern Russian Plate during the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous. The proposed generalized scheme illustrating the combined effects of three major factors (eustasy, tectonic “noise”, and depositional gradient) controlling the deposition of sequences with different stratal architecture allowed us to quantify the parameters of sedimentation (5S) and accommodation (5A) for second- and third-order cycles. A distinctive feature of the evolution of the Middle Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous sedimentary basin is the excess of accommodation space over sediment supply, which was not conducive to creation of clinoforms. The difference between stacking patterns in individual time intervals and the estimated values of 5A/5S may be indicative of the presence of unidentified stratigraphic breaks in the Bathonian and Late Tithonian-Berriasian, which were accompanied by erosion and reworking of sand strata. The stepwise regressive-transgressive deepening during the Oxfordian-Early Tithonian and transgressive-regressive shallowing during the Late Tithonian-Berriasian were probably caused by short-term manifestations of local tectonic “noise”, and depositional hiatuses accompanied by the erosion of missing elements in the structure of third-order cycles. The Lower Cretaceous succession exhibits no mismatch between transgressive-regressive and retrogradational-progradational cycling, which provides another supporting evidence for a quiet tectonoeustatic and sedimentation regime during the Early Cretaceous compared to that of Middle-Late Jurassic time.