实施“科教兴海”战略 发展海洋经济

1 丰富的资源优势 福建省是我国的海洋大省之一,海域辽阔,海洋资源丰富。海域面积13.6万平方公里,海岸线总长3 051公里,拥有大小岛屿1 202个,大小港湾125个,有可建天然深水良港6个,滩涂面积2 068平方公里。近海分布着五大渔场,有海洋生物3000余种,已知鱼类752种,其中     

山东海洋经济持续发展

山东省濒临黄海、渤海,陆域面积15.67万平方公里,1997年人口8785万人。共辖17个市地、139个县市区,其中沿海有7个市地、36个县市区。海岸线北起与河北省交界的大口河口,南到与江苏省交界的锈针河口,全长3121公里,约占全国海岸线总长的1/6。沿岸有326个海岛,岛陆面积136平方公里,岛屿岸线总长737公里。毗邻海域面积近15万平方公里,与陆地面积相当;其中水深一20米以内浅海面积2.9万平方公里.滩涂(潮间带)面积3200平方公里。全省有县属以上海洋科研单位39个,其中国家级7个。拥有海洋科技人员1万多名,约占全国的40％。丰富的海洋资源和雄厚的海洋科技实力是山东发展海洋经济的两大优势。     

河北省海洋开发的潜力及前景

河北省东临渤海,沿海有唐山、秦皇岛、沧州、黄骅等4个市,以及丰南、滦南、乐亭、唐海、昌黎、抚宁、海兴等7个县,陆域面积11 081平方公里,滩涂面积1168平方公里,0～25米等深线浅海域面积9 141平方公里,大陆海岸线长487公里,共有岛屿132个,陆域面积8.43     

山东科技兴海建起“半壁江山”

海洋是山东国土的特色和潜在优势。山东濒临黄渤海。海岸线长3121公里,占全国的1/6;海域面积近15万平方公里,与陆地面积相当;有岛屿326个,总面积136平方公里,岛岸线总长737公里;水深20米等深线以内的浅海面积29000平方公里,潮间带滩涂面积     

发展海洋经济,强化海洋管理

发展海洋经济强化海洋管理王曙光山东省海洋与水产厅山东省濒临黄渤海，海岸线长３１２１公里，占全国的１／６；海域面积近１５万平方公里，与陆地面积相当；沿岸有３２６个海岛，总面积１３６平方公里，岛岸线总长７３７公里；水深２０米以内的浅海面积２．９万平方公里...     

加快海洋综合管理 建设海洋经济强县

苍南县是浙江省的海洋大县,拥有陆地海岸线168．8公里,管辖海域面积5600平方公里,岛屿近百个,渔、港、涂等传统海洋产业历史悠久。海洋赋予苍南得天独厚的区位优势和丰富的资源。加强海洋综合管理,建设海洋经济强县,已现实地摆在苍南人民面前。     

大力开发海洋资源 创建海洋经济强市

烟台市位居“黄金海湾”,是环渤海圈内的重要城市,海洋资源十分丰富,仅15米等深线内的海域面积就达6560平方公里,总体面积比陆地的1.35万平方公里还多。全市海岸岛岸线长900多公里,12个县市区中有11个属沿海县市区,拥有大小岛屿70多个,近海经济价值较高的海洋生物达200多种。因此,市委、市     

巴西近岸海域资源利用和环境保护的趋势

海岸带及其近岸海域资源可持续利用和环境保护,是全世界面临的一个重大问题。我们有幸考察了巴西在这方面的一些情况。 巴西位于南美洲东部,濒临大西洋,面积8511965平方公里,是南美洲面积最大的国家,海岸线长达7408公里,全国人口约1.55亿。 我们重点考察了巴拉那州。巴拉那州位于巴西的南部,面积199554平方公里,海岸线总     

加强海洋综合管理 建设海洋经济强县

苍南县是浙江省的海洋大县,拥有陆地海岸线168.8公里,管辖海域面积5600平方公里,岛屿近百个,渔、港、涂等传统海洋产业历史悠久。海洋赋予苍南得天独厚的区位优势和丰富的资源。加强海洋综合管理,建设海洋经济强县,已现实地摆在苍南人民面前。 1 苍南海洋资源开发利用和保护现状     

海洋经济大国——21世纪初年中国发展的重大目标之一

我国是一个拥有300万平方公里海域、6 500多个岛屿和32 000多公里海岸线岛岸线的濒海大国。15米等深线以内的浅海和滩涂有2.1亿亩,具有油气开发前景的海域面积有100多万平方公里。在我国陆上资源、空间潜力愈来愈小的情况下,更大规模地开发利用海洋对于解决资源短缺、环境恶化等重大难题、促进中国经济走向世界具有重大意义。我国国民经济将会以8％～9％年增长率持续发展,到2000～2010年间进入世界经济大国;与此同时,也应当把我国建成为海洋经济大国。     

Model of the post-Cenozoic evolution of the cryolithozone of the shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea

The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level.     

Investigation of the mechanism of the long-term evolution of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem of the Sevastopol bay

We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.     

Contemporary state of the investigation of the influence of the discharge of rivers on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea

We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Modelling of the ecosystem of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube

We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev     

Dynamics of the ice cover and peculiarities of the ice transportation of the sediments at the tidal flats of the Kandalaksha Gulf of the White Sea

Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m³ from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m³ on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.     

Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east

A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.     

Variability of the nutrient runoff of the rivers of the Arctic Basin

The spatiotemporal variability of the hydrochemical composition of the riverine runoff in nearmouth areas is presented using the example of selected rivers of the Arctic Basin. The temporal dynamics of the riverine nutrient runoff are mainly determined by the seasonal and interseasonal variations in the drainage basins. The spatial variations in the chemical composition of riverine waters in the near-mouth areas are mainly caused by the dynamics of the water flow and the river bed relief and, to a lesser degree, by biochemical processes. It is shown that the variations in the nutrient composition of the waters in near-mouth areas are comparable in magnitude to those at the river-sea geochemical barriers.     

Parameters of the sediments of the deep-water basin of the Black Sea

The methodology and the first results of the computations of the volumes, masses, and growth rates of the sedimentary body of the buried Black Sea basin are presented. Their temporal evolution reflects the regional paleogeodynamics, in particular, the reorientation of the vector of the relative movement of the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates and the related intensification of their collision in the late Miocene-Pliocene.     

Modelling of the ecosystem on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea

Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.     

Evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea

The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates.