共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
G. Thuillier G. Schmidtke C. Erhardt B. Nikutowski A. I. Shapiro C. Bolduc J. Lean N. Krivova P. Charbonneau G. Cessateur M. Haberreiter S. Melo V. Delouille B. Mampaey K. L. Yeo W. Schmutz 《Solar physics》2014,289(12):4433-4452
Onboard the International Space Station (ISS), two instruments are observing the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) at wavelengths from 16 to 2900 nm. Although the ISS platform orientation generally precludes pointing at the Sun more than 10?–?14 days per month, in November/December 2012 a continuous period of measurements was obtained by implementing an ISS ‘bridging’ maneuver. This enabled observations to be made of the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) during a complete solar rotation. We present these measurements, which quantify the impact of active regions on SSI, and compare them with data simultaneously gathered from other platforms, and with models of spectral irradiance variability. Our analysis demonstrates that the instruments onboard the ISS have the capability to measure SSI variations consistent with other instruments in space. A comparison among all available SSI measurements during November–December 2012 in absolute units with reconstructions using solar proxies and observed solar activity features is presented and discussed in terms of accuracy. 相似文献
2.
Y. Ogawara 《Solar physics》1982,113(1-2):361-370
The Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS) is developing a satellite dedicated to high-energy observations of solar flares. The Solar-A will be launched in August–September, 1991, from the Kagoshima Space Center on board a M3S-II vehicle. The instrument complement emphasizes hard X-ray and soft X-ray imaging, and contains instruments supplied in part by U.S. and U.K. experimenters. This paper describes the instrumentation and the tentative observing program. 相似文献
3.
The Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS) is developing a satellite dedicated to high-energy observations of solar flares. The Solar-A will be launched in August–September, 1991, from the Kagoshima Space Center on board a M3S-II vehicle. The instrument complement emphasizes hard X-ray and soft X-ray imaging, and contains instruments supplied in part by U.S. and U.K. experimenters. This paper describes the instrumentation and the tentative observing program.
相似文献4.
Y. Ogawara T. Takano T. Kato T. Kosugi S. Tsuneta T. Watanabe I. Kondo Y. Uchida 《Solar physics》1991,136(1):1-16
The SOLAR-A spacecraft is to be launched by the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan (ISAS) in August, 1991. As a successor of HINOTORI, this mission is dedicated principally to the study of solar flares, especially of high-energy phenomena observed in the X- and gamma-ray ranges. The SOLAR-A will be the unique space solar observatory during the current activity maximum period (1989–1992). With a coordinated set of instruments including hard X-ray and soft X-ray imaging telescopes as well as spectrometers with advanced capabilities, it will reveal many new aspects of flares and help better understand their physics, supporting international collaborations with ground-based observatories as well as theoretical investigations. An overview of this mission, including the satellite, its scientific instruments, and its operation, is given in this paper. Also the scientific objectives are briefly discussed.After the launch the name of SOLAR-A has been changed to YOHKOH. 相似文献
5.
The European Space Agency, ESA, is currently studying 3 high-energy astronomy missions that use the International Space Station
(ISS). These are Lobster-ISS, an all-sky imaging X-ray monitor, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) which will study
the highest energy cosmic rays by using the Earth's atmosphere as a giant detector and XEUS — the X-ray Evolving Universe
Spectroscopy Mission, a potential successor to ESA's XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. These first 2 missions will he attached
to the external platforms on the Columbus module, while XEUS will visit the ISS to attach additional X-ray mirrors to enlarge
the original 4.5 m diameter mirrors to the 10 m diameter required to observed redshifted iron lines from massive black holes
in the early Universe.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
The European Space Agency, ESA, is currently studying 3 high-energy astronomy missions that use the International Space Station
(ISS). These are Lobster-ISS, an all-sky imaging X-ray monitor, the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) which will study
the highest energy cosmic rays by using the Earth's atmosphere as a giant detector and XEUS — the X-ray Evolving Universe
Spectroscopy Mission, a potential successor to ESA's XMM-Newton X-ray observatory. These first 2 missions will he attached
to the external platforms on the Columbus module, while XEUS will visit the ISS to attach additional X-ray mirrors to enlarge
the original 4.5 m diameter mirrors to the 10 m diameter required to observed redshifted iron lines from massive black holes
in the early Universe.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
W. Curdt 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2003,324(4):334-337
Recent results from space missions like YOHKOH, SOHO or TRACE as well as ground‐based observations clearly indicate that physical processes of most solar phenomena take place on small scales, which are still below the resolution of the instruments employed. There is an urgent need for observations at higher resolution and also for their extension to multi‐wavelength regimes. Space‐borne as well as ground‐based instruments have limitations of the present‐day technology, although in a different way. In this communication, an overview of space instruments currently in operation or in the preparation phase is presented and references to more detailed information are given. 相似文献
8.
J. Camp S. Barthelmy L. Blackburn K. G. Carpenter N. Gehrels J. Kanner F. E. Marshall J. L. Racusin T. Sakamoto 《Experimental Astronomy》2013,36(3):505-522
The International Space Station offers a unique platform for rapid and inexpensive deployment of space telescopes. A scientific opportunity of great potential later this decade is the use of telescopes for the electromagnetic follow-up of ground-based gravitational wave detections of neutron star and black hole mergers. We describe this possibility for OpTIIX, an ISS technology demonstration of a 1.5 m diffraction limited optical telescope assembled in space, and ISS-Lobster, a wide-field imaging X-ray telescope now under study as a potential NASA mission. Both telescopes will be mounted on pointing platforms, allowing rapid positioning to the source of a gravitational wave event. Electromagnetic follow-up rates of several per year appear likely, offering a wealth of complementary science on the mergers of black holes and neutron stars. 相似文献
9.
E. Schatzman 《Solar physics》1967,1(3-4):411-419
Some ideas are developed concerning solar flares which have been presented earlier by the author (Schatzman, 1966a). Emphasis is laid on the problem of energy transport; from the energy supply to the region of the optical flare, on the storage of low energy cosmic ray particles in a magnetic bottle before the beginning of the optical flare, and the mechanism which triggers both the optical flare, and the production of high-energy cosmic rays. The relation between solar and stellar flares is considered.Lecture given at Goddard Space Flight Center, November 4, 1966. 相似文献
10.
Thomas P. Sparn Gary Rottman Thomas N. Woods Brian D. Boyle Richard Kohnert Sean Ryan Randall Davis Robert Fulton William Ochs 《Solar physics》2005,230(1-2):71-89
The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment, SORCE, is a satellite carrying four scientific instruments that measure the total
solar irradiance and the spectral irradiance from the ultraviolet to the infrared. The instruments were all developed by the
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado, Boulder. The spacecraft carrying and accommodating
the instruments was developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation in Dulles, Virginia. It is three-axis stabilized with a control
system to point the instruments at the Sun, as well as the stars for calibration. SORCE was successfully launched from the
Kennedy Space Center in Florida on 25 January 2003 aboard a Pegasus XL rocket. The anticipated lifetime is 5 years, with a
goal of 6 years. SORCE is operated from the Mission Operations Center at LASP where all data are collected, processed, and
distributed. This paper describes the SORCE spacecraft, integration and test, mission operations, and ground data system. 相似文献
11.
The auroras on Jupiter and Saturn can be studied with a high sensitivity and resolution by the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) ultraviolet (UV) and far-ultraviolet Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) instruments. We present results of automatic detection and segmentation of Jupiter's auroral emissions as observed by the HST ACS instrument with the VOronoi Image SEgmentation (VOISE). VOISE is a dynamic algorithm for partitioning the underlying pixel grid of an image into regions according to a prescribed homogeneity criterion. The algorithm consists of an iterative procedure that dynamically constructs a tessellation of the image plane based on a Voronoi diagram, until the intensity of the underlying image within each region is classified as homogeneous. The computed tessellations allow the extraction of quantitative information about the auroral features, such as mean intensity, latitudinal and longitudinal extents and length-scales. These outputs thus represent a more automated and objective method of characterizing auroral emissions than manual inspection. 相似文献
12.
The aurora and other phenomena in near Earth space are becoming a considerable part of the science curriculum in upper secondary school (high school) in Norway. Introducing scientific methods to the young students is an important objective of the education, but experimental experience is mainly restricted to simple laboratory exercises under controlled conditions; observations of uncontrollable natural phenomena are generally left to academic scientists and researchers. The Space Physics Group and The Science Education and Outreach Group at The Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, are constructing a Space Science Suitcase with a set of simple versions of instruments for monitoring solar and geophysical activity in near Earth space. The instruments will be lent to physics classes in upper secondary schools. 相似文献
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15.
M.A. López-Valverde M. López-Puertas G. Gilli P. Drossart V. Formisano 《Planetary and Space Science》2011,59(10):988-998
The MIPAS instrument on board Envisat, in Earth orbit, the PFS and OMEGA instruments on Mars Express, and VIRTIS on board Venus Express are currently providing a dataset of limb measurements of the CO2 atmospheric fluorescence emission at 4.3‐μm from the upper atmosphere of the three planets. These measurements represent an excellent dataset to perform comparative studies between the terrestrial planets’ upper atmospheres, and also to test our theoretical understanding of these emissions. In order to exploit these datasets, we apply a set of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (non-LTE) models developed at the IAA/CSIC, in Granada, Spain, to a selection of data. In general, the models can explain the main spectral features of the measurements, and also the altitude and solar zenith angle variations. However, the simulations for Mars and Venus give an incorrect ratio of the emissions at two wavelengths, 4.4 and . In order to explain this deficiency, a revision of the most uncertain non-LTE energy transfer parameters has been performed. The quenching rate of ν3 quanta of high-energy CO2 states by CO2 itself could reduce the model-data discrepancy if increased by a factor 2-4, still within its current uncertainty range. This factor, however, is subject to the uncertainty in the thermal structure. A number of simulations with the non-LTE models were also used to study and compare the role of radiative transfer in this spectral region in the three terrestrial planets. Sensitivity studies of density and temperature are also presented, and they permit an analysis of how the differences between the planets and between the three instruments affect their sounding capabilities. 相似文献
16.
Human space flight represents a heady mix of bravery and drama which can be inspirational to nations and to humankind but
at huge economic cost. Due to the current high launch costs only a handful of people have ventured beyond low Earth orbit
and walked on the Moon, propelled by aspirations related more to the Cold War than to science. Problems with reusable launch
vehicle development mean that severe launch cost limitations will exist for some time. Meanwhile, cheaper robotic probes have
visited all the planets except Pluto, flown by comets, landed on Mars, Venus and an asteroid, have probed Jupiter's atmosphere
and studied the Universe beyond our own solar system with telescopes. Using these data we are determining mankind's place
in the Universe. Public interest in the historic Eros landing eclipsed a simultaneous space walk at the fledgling International
Space Station and the Mars Pathfinder landing generated hundreds of millions of website hits in a few days. Given the fact
that hundreds of Mars missions could be flown for the still-escalating cost of the International Space Station, the unsuitability
of human bodies for deep space exploration, and the advances in 3-d and virtual reality techniques, we discuss whether human
exploration needs a place in a realistic, useful and inspirational space programme.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Michael Hosack J. Kevin Black Philip Deines-Jones Brian R. Dennis Joanne E. Hill Keith Jahoda Albert Y. Shih Christian E. Urba A. Gordon Emslie 《Experimental Astronomy》2011,32(2):101-125
We describe the design of a balloon-borne Imaging X-ray Polarimeter for Solar flares (IXPS). This novel instrument, a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for photoelectric polarimetry, will be capable of measuring polarization at the few percent level in the 20?C50 keV energy range during an M- or X-class flare, and will provide imaging information at the ??10 arcsec level. The primary objective of such observations is to determine the directivity of nonthermal high-energy electrons producing solar hard X-rays, and hence to learn about the particle acceleration and energy release processes in solar flares. Secondary objectives include the separation of the thermal and nonthermal components of the flare X-ray emissions and the separation of photospheric albedo fluxes from direct emissions. 相似文献
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The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) is the first of a series of European satellite instruments monitoring global ozone and other relevant trace constituents in the UV/visible spectral range. On 20 April 1995, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the GOME from Kourou, French Guyana, aboard the second European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-2). In order to obtain the geometric albedo from the backscattered terrestrial radiance measurements, a solar irradiance measurement sequence in the spectral range between 240 nm and 790 nm is carried out once every day. The GOME solar irradiance is recorded at a moderate spectral resolution (0.2–0.4 nm), thus providing an excellent opportunity to contribute to the long-term investigation of solar flux variation associated with the 11-year solar activity cycle from space, which started in 1978 with SBUV (Solar Backscatter UV Experiment) observations on Nimbus-7 and covers solar cycles 21 and 22. This paper briefly describes the GOME spectrometer and measurement mode which are relevant to the solar viewing. Preliminary results from the solar irradiance measurements between 1995 and 1997 and comparisons to SSBUV-8 (Shuttle SBUV) in January 1996 are presented. Solar activity indices used as proxies for solar flux variation are often used to find a correlation with observed variation in atmospheric quantities, for instance, total ozone. Initial results from the GOME Mgii (280 nm) and Caii K (393 nm) solar activity index calculation are presented and discussed. The coupling of solar irradiance variability to global change is a current source of scientific and public concern. This study shows that GOME/ERS-2 (1995–2001) and the next generation of European remote sensing instruments, SCIAMACHY and GOME/METOP, have the potential to provide continuity in the measurements of solar irradiance from space well into the next century. 相似文献
20.
David Black John Dyer Kenji Nishioka Jeffrey Scargle Charlie Sobeck Eugene Levy Robert McMillan Michael Castelaz George Gatewood Andrew Buffington 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1991,177(1-2):307-313
Summary The Astrometric Telescope Facility (ATF) proposed for use on NASA's planned Space Station is similar in form and data output to ground-based long focus astrometric instruments. With a focal plane scale of 12.7 arc seconds/mm, the strawman design has a field size of 10 arc min square and a limiting visual magnitude fainter than 16. Output from an observation includes the X and Y coordinates of each star and its relative brightness. The targeted precision for the AFT is 0.00001 arc seconds.Portions of the observing program will be made available to members of the astronomical community. 相似文献