Heat flow map of the European part of the U.S.S.R.

A heat flow isoline map is presented. Low and relatively constant heat flow has been observed in the old shield areas of the East European Platform (25–40 mW/m²). Increased heat flow (>50 mW/m²) has been found in the Dniepr-Donetz depression. The area south of the East European Platform is characterized by highly variable heat flow (55–100 mW/m²). Some geophysical implications are discussed.     

Ground Water Monitoring in the U.S.S.R.

Ground water monitoring is considered to be a significant component of the geological service in the U.S.S.R. Currently, the total number of ground water monitoring wells exceeds 30,000. They are divided into two categories, which are the first class, or basic observation wells, and the second class, or auxiliary observation wells. The main objectives of both monitoring networks are briefly described. The general scheme of ground water monitoring organization is also presented.     

Multiple reflections between the earth and the ionosphere in V.L.F. propagation

Summary Treating the ionosphere as a sharply bounded ionized medium, sky wave field intensities are calculated by geometrical-optical methods for very low radio frequencies. The reflection coefficients are discussed in some detail and the numerical data are compared with experiment.     

Design Earthquakes in the U.K.

Three sites in the UK are taken, representative of low, medium and high hazard levels (by UK standards). For each site, the hazard value at 10⁻⁴ annual probability is computed using a generic seismic source model, and a variety of ground motion parameters: peak ground acceleration (PGA), spectral acceleration at 10 Hz and 1 Hz, and intensity. Disaggregation is used to determine the nature of the earthquakes most likely to generate these hazard values. It is found (as might be expected) that the populations are quite different according to which ground motion parameter is used. When PGA is used, the result is a rather flat magnitude distribution with a tendency to low magnitude events (\le 4.5 ML) which are probably not really hazardous. Hazard-consistent scenario earthquakes computed using intensity are found to be in the range 5.8–5.9 ML, which is more in accord with the type of earthquake that one expects to be a worst-case event in the UK. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Intensity attenuation in the U.K.

Intensity attenuation is relatively little studied compared with the attenuation of peak ground acceleration, due to the fact that the PGA can be used for engineering design, while intensity cannot. However, intensity has other uses, including the estimation of effects (including damage) of future earthquakes, and hence, at least in a general way, the study of earthquake risk. Knowledge of intensity attenuation is also useful in calibrating hazard models against historical experience. In this study, the attenuation of intensity in the U.K. is thoroughly evaluated from a data set comprising 727 isoseismals from 326 British earthquakes, including both modern and historical events. Best results are obtained by restricting the data set to events contributing at least two isoseismals. The preferred equation is

Statistical validation of GCM-simulated climates for the U.S. Great Lakes and the C.I.S. Emba and Ural River basins

Many researchers use outputs from large-scale global circulation models of the atmosphere to assess hydrological and other impacts associated with climate change. However, these models cannot capture all climate variations since the physical processes are imperfectly understood and are poorly represented at smaller regional scales. This paper statistically compares model outputs from the global circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to historical data for the United States' Laurentian Great Lakes and for the Emba and Ural River basins in the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.). We use maximum entropy spectral analysis to compare model and data time series, allowing us to both assess statistical predictabilities and to describe the time series in both time and frequency domains. This comparison initiates assessments of the model's representation of the real world and suggests areas of model improvement.     

缅怀()原尊礼先生

转眼间,原尊礼先生已经离开我们一周年了.时至今日,每当我走进会长办公室,都会感到先生仿佛就在屏风对面的办公桌前阅读论文,或是在查看地震图;而我,时而向他请教,时而同他谈谈自已的想法,这好像就是昨天的事情.     

On the mode theory of V. L. F. ionospheric propagation

Summary The space between the earth and the ionosphere is considered as a wave-guide with sharply bounded walls. Employing a representation in terms of spherical wave functions of complex order, the field of a vertical dipole source is calculated for very low frequencies. It is shown that the dominant mode for 16 kc is of order one and not zero as has been commonly supposed. Good agreement is obtained with the experimental results ofJ. Heritage.Paper presented at «Colloque International sur la propagation des Ondes Radio électriques» Paris, September 1956.     

Magsat anomaly data over the Kursk region,U.S.S.R.

A new method of reducing Magsat orbits was developed to produce a map of the Kursk magnetic anomaly at satellite altitude. Two different techniques to estimate the direction of magnetization were applied to the components of the anomaly to determine the presence of remanent magnetization. We propose that there is a significant component of remanent magnetization, however, we are unable to determine the importance of remanence relative to induced magnetization.     

盘海营地区农村住宅的抗震性能调查分析

开展农村民居抗震性能调查是国家防震减灾规划的重要组成部分。本文在对辽宁省盘锦、海城、营口地区农村住宅抗震性能调查工作的基础上,从房屋的结构特点、建造年代分布、房屋的大小等方面进行了详细总结,鉴于该区域结构特点和建造年代具有很强的相关性,给出了该调查区域的农村住宅分类方法。提出基于调查中发现的进深与分类之间的相关性,利用高分辨率卫星图片判读能够在保证准确度的情况下有效降低建立农村房屋存量数据库的成本。最后,本文结合震害中农村民居砌体墙破坏模式及《镇（乡）村建筑抗震技术规程》（2008）指出了盘海营地区农村房屋在抗震方面存在的不足。     

Cloudiness and sunshine duration measurements in the U.A.R.

Summary Seasonal variations of cloudiness have been studied for the different zones of the United Arab Republic. It was found to be very low and to decrease more towards lower latitudes.From the records of a Campbell Stokes Sunshine recorder, installed at the Agro-meteorological Station at Giza, during a period of six years from 1956 to 1961, the monthly and daily variations of the hours of sunshine duration, have been also studied in detail and presented in a practical form.     

Solar Activity from the Mid-Second Millennium B.C. to the First Millennium A.D. Based on Radiocarbon Data

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The paper reports the results of reconstruction of the heliospheric modulation potential from radiocarbon data for the time interval from the mid-second millennium B.C....     

Statistical validation of GCM-simulated climates for the U.S. Great Lakes and the C.I.S. Emba and Ural River basins

Many researchers use outputs from large-scale global circulation models of the atmosphere to assess hydrological and other impacts associated with climate change. However, these models cannot capture all climate variations since the physical processes are imperfectly understood and are poorly represented at smaller regional scales. This paper statistically compares model outputs from the global circulation model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to historical data for the United States' Laurentian Great Lakes and for the Emba and Ural River basins in the Commonwealth of Independent States (C.I.S.). We use maximum entropy spectral analysis to compare model and data time series, allowing us to both assess statistical predictabilities and to describe the time series in both time and frequency domains. This comparison initiates assessments of the model's representation of the real world and suggests areas of model improvement.     

Three-dimensional velocity inversion of teleseismic P-wave residuals from the telemetric network of the G.D.R.

Residuals of teleseismic P-wave arrival times at the CIPE network were used to estimate the three-dimensional velocity structure of the upper mantle by means of the inversion procedure described by Aki et al. (1977). Two models with different depth ranges (233 and 500 km, respectively) have been determined. They refer to the upper mantle beneath the Central European part of the Variscian fold-belt and its transition to the East European platform north of it. Both models reveal a lateral velocity increase within the upper mantle. It is directed to the northeast within the lithosphere and at least a part of the asthenosphere, and in a more northerly direction at greater depth. Furthermore, there seems to exist a local inhomogeneity west of Prague at a depth of some 200 km.