桂东地区金矿硫同位素地质特征及找矿意义

桂东地区发育三种成因类型的金矿,各类金矿的硫同位素组成有明显差异。本文计算了共生硫化物沉淀时的同位素平衡温度,并根据各类金矿的硫同位素组成特征,探讨了硫的来源,认为硫源应以深源重(同)熔岩浆热液为主,部分来自地层。同时还研究了硫同位素组成的空间变化规律及对矿床深部及外围的找矿意义。     

中国典型金矿集区硫同位素组成及相关问题思考

在过去十年找矿突破战略行动上,金矿勘查在我国取得了重大的进展,展现出了巨大的金找矿潜力。矿化剂元素硫与金矿的形成密切相关,已有国内外学者证明硫是矿床形成过程中最重要的元素。硫同位素被广泛用于示踪金矿中的矿质来源,不同的金矿具有不同的地质背景,硫同位素的组成特征受不同硫源控制,金矿中的硫同位素可以反映成矿的地质背景。矿集区尺度的硫同位素在时间—空间分布特征上具有理论意义,在指导找矿勘查方面也具有重要作用。我国的金矿资源可以划分为42个金矿集区,其中胶东、小秦岭、滇黔桂3个金矿集区最为典型,梳理和总结3个典型金矿集区硫同位素特征的异同,可为今后的金矿找矿勘查提供理论和方法支撑。     

牛心山金矿床的硫同位素组成及其地质意义

根据含金石英脉和蚀变岩金矿中黄铁矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿样品的测试结果,讨论了牛心山金矿床的硫同位素组成特征,计算了共生硫化物沉淀时的同位素平衡温度和溶液中总硫同位素组成,并据此进行了地质解释。     

内蒙古乌拉山石英-钾长石脉金矿床铅和硫同位素研究

内蒙古乌拉山金矿床是近年在我国北方发现的大型金矿之一。矿床主要由赋存在太古界乌拉山群变质地层中一系列石英－钾长石脉和石英脉组成，矿区范围内晚古生代一中生代花岗岩类分布广泛并且同金矿化具密切时，空分布关系。本文对乌拉山金矿床。大桦背花岗岩体和变质岩地层的硫，铅同位素比值进行了系统测定，并解释了不同地质体硫，铅同位素变化特征。研究表明：金成矿作用生发在２４０×１０＾６ａ，成矿物质主要来自大桦背华岗岩体     

小秦岭-熊耳山地区金矿硫同位素地球化学特征

小秦岭—熊耳山地区是我国第二大金矿产地,通过对该区金矿硫同位素地球化学特征的分析,可以看出:①不同成因类型的金矿床其总硫同位素组成亦不尽相同,一般石英脉型金矿床总硫同位素组成值应界于-5‰～5‰,证明其具有幔源硫的性质,而蚀变岩型金矿床其总硫同位素组成值则＜-5‰,其原因是由于在成矿过程中物化条件发生变化产生硫同位素分馏作用所引起;②利用剩余热液硫同位素组成发生变化的现象,推断出矿物组成及其晶出的顺序;③利用γ0（摩尔数比值）指示金矿流体的流动方向.金矿床硫同位素的特征变化是研究矿床内在成矿过程中的客观因素,得出的部分结论在找矿实践过程中可加以完善.     

内蒙古乌拉山石英－钾长石脉金矿床铅和硫同位素研究

内蒙古乌拉山金矿床是近年在我国北方发现的大型金矿床之一。矿床主要由赋存在太古界乌拉山群变质岩地层中一系列石英－钾长石脉和石英脉组成。矿区范围内晚古生代—中生代花岗岩类分布广泛并且同金矿化具密切时、空分布关系。本文对乌拉山金矿床，大桦背花岗岩体和变质岩地层的硫、铅同位素比值进行了系统测定，并解释了不同地质体硫、铅同位素变化特征。研究表明：金成矿作用发生在２４０×１０￣６ａ，成矿物质主要来自大桦背花岗岩体及有关的岩脉，乌拉山金矿床形成过程中，亦有部分非岩浆物质混入。     

辽西二道沟金矿成矿物质来源：来自S Pb同位素的证据

辽西二道沟金矿位于华北克拉通北缘中段,矿化类型为石英脉型,矿脉产状受断裂严格控制。对该矿床的典型矿脉进行了详细的硫、铅同位素研究,探讨了该矿床的成矿物质来源。分析表明：二道沟金矿成矿热液的总硫同位素组成接近地幔硫的值(δ34S≈0‰),反映了成矿热液的硫主要来自深部岩浆;铅同位素206Pb/204Pb、 207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别变化在17047~17292、15319~15555和36991~37855之间,得出矿石铅主要来源为地幔,且有下地壳铅的混入;二道沟金矿矿石的硫、铅同位素特征与西对面沟岩体的硫、铅同位素组成特征基本一致,说明成矿物质的来源与西对面沟岩体(或这次岩浆作用)有密切联系。这些证据都证明了二道沟金矿成矿物质来源于深源岩浆。     

早子沟金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其地质意义

早子沟金矿位于西秦岭同仁—夏河—岷县金成矿带,矿区赋矿地层为三叠纪中统古浪堤组一段细碎屑岩,中性岩脉大量发育。矿体产于地层、脉岩及其接触带中,严格受断裂构造控制。本文通过对不同期次、不同矿石类型的黄铁矿进行分布、形态、矿物组合、元素组成以及硫同位素的研究,发现不同矿石类型的黄铁矿形成于不同的深度和地质环境;主成矿期黄铁矿以五角十二面体为主,常具碎裂结构;严重亏铁亏硫,ω(Au)/ω(Ag)=5.54,ω(Co)/ω(Ni)=4.2,类似于卡林型金矿特征,又兼有岩浆型矿床的特征;矿体中黄铁矿硫同位素δ34S‰变化范围-7.43‰～-8.62‰,与围岩黄铁矿硫同位素组成接近,说明硫主要来源于沉积地层,同时由于构造活动和岩浆侵入作用对硫同位素分馏产生了一定影响,使重硫有所富集。     

苏丹哈马迪金矿地球化学特征及成因探讨

苏丹哈马迪金矿区矿石与岩石稀土配分曲线的相似性表明二者具有同源性;矿石硫同位素组成δ(34S)值为较小的负值,表明区内硫来源单一,且硫质应为深源物质;而矿石中的氢、氧同位素特征则表明金矿热液应来源于变质热液.众多事实表明,哈马迪金矿与泛非造山运动及其后的区域变质作用关系密切,成矿热液来源于围岩,属受剪切作用控制的变质热液型金矿床.     

乌拉山金矿带成矿物质来源的初步研究

通过原岩的含金建造,岩石含金性讨论,微量元素、稀土元素、包裹体特征及硫、氢、氧、碳、铅同位素的研究,对乌拉山金矿带成矿物质来源作了探讨。认为上有太古界乌拉山群是金矿形成初始矿源层,铅、硫等成矿物质主要来自地壳及下层富含金的某些强烈活动带,而成矿流体主要为渗流加热大气降水,部分来自变质—岩浆水的混合水。原岩属幔源分熔的基性—中基性火山沉积建造,幔源物质经后期大陆增生,沉积壳叠加改造,由幔源变成壳源物质,后期地质事件产生能源,使矿源层中的成矿物质活化,转移,富集成矿。     

甘肃省礼县中川地区李坝式金矿床载金矿物地球化学特征及矿床成因意义

中川地区载金矿物硫同位素、氢氧同位素和碳氧同位素特征说明成矿作用与沉积建造有较大的亲缘性。载金矿物流体包裹体中大量的 Cl- 、SO4 2 - 和 Ca2 、Na 高含量及其特征比值显示出大气降水带入了大量的建造中的物质成分。热液期黄铁矿微量元素标型特征体现地下热卤水溶滤成因特征 ,同时也显示了岩浆活动对成矿作用影响的痕迹     

Minor elements in sphalerite and galena from Binnatal

The trace element contents of 23 sphalerites and galenas from Binnatal, Switzerland, have been determined. Most of these samples have been previously studied in respect to lead and sulphur isotope abundances. Coloration of sphalerites — varying from yellow to black for nearly identical iron contents — seems to be strongly influenced by the manganese content. A linear relationship between sulphur isotope composition and copper content in sphalerites was found. Trace elements in galenas show a significant inverse relationship between silver and copper. With the determination of the bismuth content, it is possible to distinguish several galena types; a similar grouping has been found by lead isotope determinations. The results of the trace analyses are discussed in connection with the occurrence of a large number of very rare and special Pb-As-sulphosalt minerals in the Binnatal dolomites.     

云南个旧锡矿床铅、硫同位素研究

对个旧锡矿床的铅、硫同位素进行了研究,研究结果表明,矿石中的铅、硫同位素主要来自基性岩,少量来自花岗岩,矿床的形成经历了印支期的基性火山成矿作用(铅模式年龄200-280Ma)和燕山期花岗岩的叠加改造成矿作用(铅模式年龄80-160Ma).进一步表明,个旧锡矿床为一个多成因多物质来源的矿床.     

The genesis of the slab window-related Arzular low-sulfidation epithermal gold mineralization （eastern Pontides, NE Turkey）

The Arzular mineralization is one of the best examples of epithermal gold deposits in the eastern Pontides orogenic belt.The mineralization is hosted by the subduction-related basaltic andesites and is mainly controlled by E-W and NE-SW trending fracture zones.The main ore minerals are galena, sphalerite,pyrite.chalcopyrite.tetrahedrite and gold.Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions are between 130 and 295℃ for quartz and between 90 and 133℃ for sphalerite.Sulphur isotope values obtained from pyrite,galena and sphalerite vary between 1.2‰ and 3‰.indicating that sulphur belongs to magmatic origin and was derived from the Lutetian non-adakitic granitic intrusions in the region.Oxygen isotope values are between 15.0‰ and 16.7‰ and hydrogen isotope values are between -87‰ and -91‰ The sulphur isotope thermometer yielded temperatures in the range of 244-291℃ for the ore formation.Our results support the hypothesis that the Arzular mineralization is a low-sulfidation epithermal gold deposit associated with non-adakitic subduction- related granitic magmas that were generated by slab window-related processes in a south-dipping subduction zone during the Lutetian.     

内蒙古金厂沟梁金矿床稳定同位素组成和矿床成因讨论

稳定同位素的研究对于分析矿床成因、阐明成矿物质来源等具有重要意义。金厂沟梁金矿成矿流体的同位素组成与本区变质岩、岩浆岩的同位素组成具有非常密切的关系,成矿流体的H、O、C、S同位素特征继承了本区变质岩、岩浆岩的H、O、C、S同位素特征,它们的δ18O、δD、δ13C、δ34S值具有相似的变化范围,其同位素的变化规律表明变质岩是本区成矿物质的母岩。本区岩浆构造活动频繁,为成矿物质活化提供了动力条件。成矿模式为本区太古宙变质岩经过多次活化,使成矿物质逐步聚集,到了燕山晚期,岩浆期后热液活动将成矿物质带到构造有利部位聚集形成了金矿床,因此,该矿床属重熔岩浆热液型矿床。      

青海双朋西金铜矿床成矿模式研究

双朋西金铜矿床位于西秦岭同仁-泽库成矿带,矿体呈透镜状、似层状产于印支期花岗闪长岩与石炭—二叠纪甘家组碳酸盐岩的外接触带矽卡岩中,是典型的矽卡岩型金铜矿床。矿石金属矿物以磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、黄铜矿和褐铁矿为主;脉石矿物以石英、方解石、透闪石和透辉石为主。成矿作用经历了矽卡岩期、石英-硫化物期和表生作用期。稳定同位素研究表明:δD为-56‰～-49‰,δ18O为+9.2‰～+9.4‰,成矿流体为岩浆水,δ34S为+5.1‰～+6.6‰,显示S主要来源于深部岩浆。δ13C为-8.9‰～-8.4‰,代表δ13C主要来源于深部岩浆。依据矿床地质特征,结合同位素地球化学特征,初步建立了双朋西矽卡岩型金铜矿成矿模式,对该地区找矿评价工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Contents and sulphur isotope composition of trace sulphate and sulphide in various rock types

The in vacuo Kiba extraction technique for trace sulphate and sulphide has been extended to a variety of rocks including some altered granites provided by the Canadian Nuclear Fuel Waste Management Programme. Although the technique requires considerable development, it shows promise for determining the redox conditions, temperature, and the sulphur isotope composition of dissolved species in fluids involved in initial mineralization and subsequent alteration processes. This may in turn be used to identify sources of sulphur in fluids and provide information about long term weathering of resistant rocks. Preliminary concentration and sulphur isotope data for altered granite samples from the Underground Research Laboratory, Whiteshell, Manitoba suggest that sulphur of other than igneous origin is minor or absent.     

Laser microprobe sulphur isotope analysis of arsenopyrite: experimental calibration and application to the Boliden Au–Cu–As massive sulphide deposit

Metamorphic remobilization of arsenopyrite-rich ores is a globally important process which can lead to significant concentrations of gold. In order to understand this and related processes, relations of sulphur isotopes can give a number of important clues. To resolve such relations in detail, we have successfully calibrated and applied a laser combustion system for in situ analysis of sulphur isotopic compositions of arsenopyrite. Experimental calibration of the laser fractionation factor (+0.4‰) was obtained by using compositionally and isotopically homogeneous natural samples from ore deposits at Boliden (Sweden) and Freiberg (Germany); subsequent to detailed microscopic study, the S isotope ratios of these samples were measured by conventional and laser combustion techniques.The present application to different types of arsenopyrite in the Palaeoproterozoic metamorphosed VHMS ores of the Boliden Au–Cu–As deposit, Skellefte district, northern Sweden, shows that the sulphur isotope composition of arsenopyrite is essentially unmodified during medium-grade metamorphic recrystallization and remobilization. Here, massive arsenopyrite ore is crosscut by later veins that carry a complex quartz–sulphosalt–sulphide assemblage. The latter ore type is markedly Au-rich compared to the host ore, and thus of significant economic interest. We find that both ore types exhibit very similar sulphur isotope compositions, ca. +2‰ to +3‰ (V-CDT), which is similar to most massive sulphide deposits in the Skellefte district. Thus, the crosscutting Au-rich vein ore has inherited the sulphur isotope composition from sulphur liberated by metamorphic reactions affecting the massive ore, and most likely also inherited the Au through this mechanism. The latter finding clearly has important implications both for the general discussion on, and the prospecting for, similar high-grade Au ores in this world-class mining region.     

Carbon-sulphur-iron-variations and sulphur isotope patterns of Silurian Graptolite Shales

ABSTRACT Black shale horizons (Graptolithenschiefer) in Silurian and Lower Devonian strata of the Franconian-Thuringian Highlands (Frankenwald-Thüringer Wald) of Germany have high metal concentrations (e.g. U,V,Mo). Organic carbon, sulphur and iron contents, degree of pyritization (DOP) and sulphur isotope ratios from the Lower Graptolite Shales, along with faunal and sedimentological evidence show that the depositional environment was anoxic. Although some data (e.g. C/S plots) do not suggest completely euxinic conditions, the DOP versus C plot indicates a Black Sea-type environment. From the sulphur isotope data the environment fluctuated between'open'and'closed'with respect to sulphate supply, with higher carbon contents reflecting an increased bacterial reduction of the available sulphate. Diagenetic effects were responsible for somewhat unusual plots of C/S ratios, though iron availability may have been influential.     

西岔、金厂沟金矿床地质特征及成矿机理研究

西岔、金厂沟金矿床是层控破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,其成矿时代为印支期至燕山早期。地层岩石中元素丰度及其演化资料表明,本矿床成矿物质来源具双重性,即有来源于地层,也可能有部分来自岩浆岩。稳定同位素研究结果西岔金矿床δ³⁴S=1.9‰-7.4‰;黑厂沟金矿床δ³⁴S=3.3‰-5.1‰,二矿床疏同位素组成基本相近,表明硫源相似。δ³⁴S_H²o值=5.3‰-6.4‰;δ¹³C=-6.1‰流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体主要为氯化物水型。成矿温度集中于142-290℃。由此推断矿液水可能是岩浆水与大气降水的混合水。矿液中碱可能来源于地层。