金龙山地区滑坡研究

金龙山地区位于四川省雅砻江二滩水电站库首左岸。区内海拔1000—2700米;重点研究区海拔<1730米,面积近1.3平方公里。本区滑坡顺层发育,以蠕滑方式为主,成条成群分布,新老俱全,厚度各异(巨厚—表层),规模不一。控制坡体蠕滑和滑动的主要是层面(或似层面)、层间错动带和中缓倾角裂隙。据滑坡活动状况的不同,将全区分为三个滑坡区:Ⅰ区是多级古滑坡区(方量约200万立方米);Ⅱ区是蠕滑区(方量约2000万立方米);Ⅲ区是浅-表层残坡积层滑坡区。     

土质滑坡滑带土取样方法的新尝试

土质滑坡勘查中,滑带土的取样工作极其重要。能否高质量地采取滑带土样,关系到室内试验的准确性,而试验结果又是滑坡稳定性评价和滑坡治理工程设计的重要依据,试验结果稍有偏差,就可能对滑坡稳定性作出不同的结论,计算出滑坡推力也相差很大。所以,高质量采集滑带土样是做好试验的前提条件,是正确勘察、评价滑坡的重要环节。 由于土质滑坡活动的特殊性,滑带土厚度一般很薄,根所我们对数十个滑坡的调查统计,滑带土厚度大多在几毫米到几厘米,正在活动或者活动时间不久的滑坡,其滑带土大部份为软塑状的粘土、粉质粘土,受滑动碾磨,颗粒很细。滑带土厚度薄、力学性质软弱的特点使取样工作难度极大。 按照常规取样方法,从钻孔中取样试验几乎不大可能,一是钻孔口径的限制使取出的样品数量不够,常规钻孔的口径在100mm上下,不能满足剪切试验土样的数量要求;二是受钻进方法的制约,如果用回转干钻,钻头摩擦生热常常使岩心固结失水,取出的岩心已经干硬,加之岩心之间的相对同心转动,滑带土常常被破坏,失去了实验意义。如果用大口径冲击钻进,能相对较好地保存岩心的原始状态,但这种钻进方法又常常受地层制约,遇到块碎石土时难以钻进。 根据实践经验,在探坑和浅井中对滑动面的揭露比较直观,勘探效果比钻孔理想,这种     

滑坡综合预报方法研究

滑坡综合预报是基于对滑坡发育状态的形成条件类比分析和滑坡位移历时分析的综合方法,从滑坡形成条件、变形状态、诱发因素的方式和影响程度的动态分析入手,结合滑坡加速变形破坏阶段的位移历时特征,建立滑坡预报模型,实现对滑坡的预报.与其他滑坡预报方法相比,滑坡综合预报方法的综合性强,能较好的确定滑坡的发育状态,分析滑坡发生剧烈滑动的可能性,能对不同发育阶段的滑坡做出准确判别.     

浅论拱溃型顺层岩质滑坡

近年来才开展研究的拱溃型顺层岩质滑坡,是一类独特的滑坡。它的滑动方向总是沿层面顺坡下滑,这属推动式滑坡。滑坡所在的斜坡岩层倾向与斜坡坡向大体一致;坡脚处岩层逐层拱起,并开裂脱层,发展成抗滑段,其与沿岩层层面发育的主滑段相贯通,由此呈现崩溃与滑动。滑坡经历蠕滑→滑动→剧滑三个阶段。     

基于丰宁满族自治县六道沟排土场滑坡灾害特征及治理方案研究

针对丰宁满族自治县六道沟排土场滑坡灾害对热力公司产生的安全威胁,本文对滑坡灾害特征和诱发因素进行了研究,进而提出了治理措施。结果表明：滑坡为人为堆积形成的推动式土质滑坡,前部滑坡区的崩滑、张拉裂缝发育,后部变形区的张拉裂缝发育,平台沿裂缝形成多级滑坡台阶。采用传递系数法计算可知,不同剖面滑坡的稳定系数均<1,说明该排土场处于不稳定状态;根据滑坡的危害对象,对滑坡的治理采用“坡面修整+砌筑挡土墙+砌筑截水沟+绿化”的综合工程治理措施。     

昌马断裂带地震滑坡的展布特征

根据大量的野外地质调查和测量资料分析，讨论了地震滑坡沿昌马断裂带走向和倾向的展布特征。研究认为昌马断裂带地震滑坡主要发生在山坡坡度３０°－５０°的部位和山坡地形高差１００－３００ｍ的部位；地震滑坡规模、数量的分布特征与断裂活动强度的分布变化有密切的关系，这是地震滑坡与降水滑坡、人为滑坡和融冻滑坡的最大区别；最后讨论了地震滑坡最大水平滑距的规律，对地震滑坡灾害预测有很现实的意义。     

河北省滦平县第一中学新校区南侧山体滑坡的治理方案研究

针对滦平县第一中学新校区建设工程南侧的滑坡灾害对学校产生的安全威胁,本文对滑坡灾害特征和诱发因素进行了研究,进而提出了治理措施.结果表明:滑坡变形特征较为明显,前部滑坡区的崩滑、张拉裂缝发育,后部变形区的张拉裂缝发育处于基本稳定状态;根据滑坡的危害对象,对滑坡的治理采用"预应力锚索抗滑桩+格构梁坡脚支挡、锚杆加固岩层坡...     

云浮市新兴县太平镇山塘村滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析

云浮市新兴县太平镇山塘村滑坡为粤西山区典型的残坡积层滑坡,总结该滑坡的发育特征并分析评价其稳定性,对于粤西山区同类滑坡具有借鉴意义。本文从滑坡空间形态、滑坡物质组成及结构特征、滑坡变形特征、滑坡成因机制分析等多个方面揭示了山塘村滑坡的基本特征,并采用抗滑稳定性计算模式对其稳定性进行计算。     

滑体的运动变形及观测要点

滑体运动变形特征是建立滑坡观测系统的主要依据。前者受控于滑面类型。1.直线型滑面上的滑体作整体运动,运动具等效效应;内部变形微弱,观测重点在地表位移;2.折线型滑面上的滑体亦作整体运动,变形较强,观测重点在深部位移和变形;3.凹弧型滑面上的滑体作整体旋转运动,变形较弱,观测重点在后缘和前缘;4.凸弧型滑面上的滑体作破碎旋转运动,变形较明显,观测重点在地表(尤其是剪出口处);5.复合型滑面上的滑体作分级分块运动,变形强烈,宜作综合观测。     

陕北洛川塬黄土崩滑及谷坡扩展模式

陕北洛川黄土塬是水土流失严重的地区。通过野外调查发现黄土崩滑作用是造成该区水土流失的主要之一，发育于黄土塬-沟谷过渡地带。该区黄土崩滑首次被划分为单面崩滑及栅格崩滑两种基本类型。黄土单面崩滑主要分布于冲沟、切沟地貌环境，而栅格崩滑主要分布于级别较高的沟道之中，活跃于区域Ⅲ、Ⅳ级沟道，显示出黄土崩滑与区域水文网之间的对应关系。根据地貌景观和沟谷几何特征第一次提出洛川黄土塬河道谷坡以陡倾加宽和鱼鳞状后退扩展为模式。黄土崩滑是蚕塬的重要方式，在水土保持过程中，就加强不同类型崩滑的针对性研究、预报和防护治理，促进水保效益的提高。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,