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1.
Analysis of stress state of faults is helpful to understand crustal mechanical properties and seismicity. In the paper, we invert the horizontal crustal stress field in the southeastern Tibetan plateau using focal mechanism solutions of small and medium-size earthquakes, and apply them to estimate the stability of regional major faults.
Firstly, we collect focal mechanism solutions of small and medium-sized earthquakes in the southeastern Tibetan plateau. The dataset includes more than 1 000 focal mechanism solutions in the past twenty years. Magnitudes of these earthquakes vary from M3.0 to M6.0. Most of the focal mechanism solutions were determined using waveform inversion technique. Although most of focal mechanism solutions in the southeastern Tibetan plateau are strike-slip faulting, their spatial pattern is different in sub-regions. Normal faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the western Sichuan region, reverse faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the boundary zone between the Tibetan plateau and the South China craton, and strike-slip faulting earthquakes mainly occurred in the central and southern Yunnan region.
Next, we settle on a mesh with grid spacing of 0.5° in longitude and latitude in the region and invert the horizontal crustal stress field at each grid point. Spatial variation of the maximum principal stress axis in the southeastern Tibetan plateau shows a clockwise rotation around the eastern Himalaya syntax. The azimuth of maximum compressional stress axis is about 88.1° in the western Sichuan region, about 124.6° in the South China craton, and about 21.6° in the western and southern Yunnan region. The azimuth of regional maximum compressional stress is nearly parallel to the direction of terrain elevation gradient, and that of the minimum compressional stress is nearly parallel to the tangential direction of the topographic elevation contours. The spatial pattern reflects the control role of gravity spreading of the Tibetan plateau on the regional horizontal stress field.
Finally, we analyzed regional fault stability based on these collected focal mechanism solutions. The fault instability parameter (I) is defined based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and indicates the degree of fault approximating to rupture. The instability parameters on fourteen major faults in the southeastern Tibetan plateau were calculated. Our results show that the stability of the Lianfeng-Zhaotong Fault is the lowest before 2014 in the region, which indicates the fault zone is close to rupture at that time. Our results provide a new useful tool to assess regional seismic potential using dense focal mechanism solutions. 相似文献
2.
基于搜集到的2000—2018年滇西北地区MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解,运用线性叠加反演法进行应力场反演,分析了滇西北地区现今的构造应力状态,进一步探讨了应力张量方差的时空分布与地震活动的关系。结果显示:(1)滇西北地区地震的震源机制解类型复杂,主要以走滑型(46%)为主,正断型(27%)次之;(2)研究区的构造应力场具有整体的一致性和局部的非均匀性,呈现为NNW向挤压和ENE向拉张的走滑型应力结构,说明研究区受到来自NNW向的水平挤压作用,对该地区上地壳运动和断裂活动起主导作用;(3)滇西北地区的应力张量方差大都小于0.2,除北部一些地区外,应力场基本处于均匀状态。根据应力张量方差随时间的变化和后续地震可知,中强地震大都发生在应力张量方差值低于0.2的情形,且主要发生在应力张量方差减小即震源机制解趋于一致的过程中。空间上这些地震基本都发生在应力张量方差的低值分布区及其边缘,这一结果有助于判定发震地点和了解区域应力集中增强过程。 相似文献
3.
Based on analysis of background of geological tectonic movement and strong earthquake activity, we first obtained the focal mechanism solutions using amplitude ratio and CAP method, then determined the characteristic of average stress field of the study area by inversion of the stress field. On this basis, we selected the source mechanism consistency parameter as the inspection index to obtain the latest changes of stress field in Hetao seismic zone based on its temporal and spatial analysis. Two methods were used in the stress field inversion for comparison and analysis, which are average stress axis tensor and LSIB(Linear stress inversion bootstrap, LSIB). According to the geological tectonic movement and focal mechanism solutions of M S≥4.0 earthquakes from 1970, we judge that the stress field evolution process of Hetao seismic belt is controlled jointly by vertical difference movement and horizontal shear movement, resulting in that the normal fault and strike-slip fault mechanisms are dominating.Taking into account the station layout of the study area, and in order to ensure the accuracy of calculation, we calculated 224 earthquakes focal mechanism solutions by using amplitude ratio and CAP method, including 164 earthquakes with 2.8≤M L<3.5, 42 earthquakes with 3.5≤M L<4.0, and 18 earthquakes with M L≥4.0; The statistical results on type of focal mechanisms show that, there are 142 strike-slip earthquakes(63.4%), 50 normal fault earthquakes(22.3%)and 32 thrust fault earthquakes(14.3%). In this study period(from 2001 to 2012), most earthquakes had a strike-slip mechanism in Hetao seismic belt, this is one of the inherent characteristics of the stress field.The result of average stress axis tensor and LSIB shows that, the azimuth of maximum compressional stress is 47°~52°, direction is NE-SW; The azimuth of minimum compressional stress is 313°~322°, direction is NW-SE; This indicates that, the stress field characteristics of Hetao seismic belt and its sub-block are not completely consistent. Linhe Basin exhibits coordinated stress field characteristics with Hetao seismic belt, but Hubao Basin exhibits regional differences, direction of compressive stress has clockwise deflection in Baotou area, and the compressive stress direction is NEE. This heteropical character of stress field is also confirmed by horizontal projection distribution of stress axis of historical strong earthquakes and recent moderate and small earthquakes. Since 2003, the temporal sequence curve of consistency parameter of Hetao seismic belt had a downward trend, this change was caused by focal mechanism consistency parameter of Linhe to Wuhai area, which indicates that this structural position is possible to be a priority area for stress accumulation and accelerated release in future. 相似文献
4.
采用前人反演得到的云南禄劝地震的地震矩张量和主震及部分余震的震源机制解,以该主震震中为中心在全球CMT目录中查询到的部分地震的震源机制解,先将地震矩张量转化为震源机制解,运用精细网格搜索反演方法将震源机制解反演得到禄劝地震和其周边地区的应力场。对反演得出的两个应力场进行差异性对比研究,结果表明禄劝地震震源处主压应力场为NNW—SSE向,主压应力与主张应力相当,周边地区的主压应力方向为NW—SE,断层破裂面倾角大,以走滑正断层为主,主压应力占优势。但是由于云南地区主要由NNW—SSE和NW—SE方向的主压应力控制,并受本文所选的周边地区的经纬度及所处地区的控制,所以该区域在总体上受NW—SE方向的压应力控制,局部地区受NNW—SSE方向的压应力控制。该结果可以用来分析该地区的地震地质背景和断层形成条件,对地球动力环境的研究有一定的意义。 相似文献
5.
基于国家测震台网数据中心提供的波形资料,采用gCAP方法反演2020年5月18日云南巧家M5.0地震及研究区域51次地震震源机制解,并收集研究区域震源机制解50个。采用网格搜索法反演区域构造应力场,并对研究区域采用不同划分进行应力场反演。获得以下结论:(1)主震震源机制解节面Ⅰ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为175°、 67°和-19°,节面Ⅱ的走向、倾角和滑动角分别为273°、 73°和-156°,矩震级为4.97,矩心深度为8.8 km。表明主震属于兼具逆冲分量的走滑型地震;(2)震后区域应力场主压应力轴方位为NWW,倾角接近水平,主张应力轴方位为NNE,倾角接近水平,属于走滑型应力状态,与周边地质构造运动状态相吻合;(3)对研究区域采用不同划分所得应力场结果相差不大,表明该区域应力场比较稳定,受深大断裂带和震源机制解类型影响较小。 相似文献
6.
南北地震带作为中国大陆地应力场一级分区的边界,其构造应力场的研究对理解大陆强震机理、构造变形和地震应力的相互作用具有重要意义.本文收集南北地震带1970—2014年的震源机制解819条,按照全球应力图的分类标准对震源机制解进行分类,发现其空间分布特征与地质构造活动性质比较吻合.P轴水平投影指示了活动块体的运动方向,T轴水平投影在川滇块体及邻近地区空间差异特征最为突出,存在顺时针旋转的趋势.南北地震带的最大水平主应力方向具有明显的分区特征,北段为NE向走滑类型的应力状态,中段为NEE—EW—NWW向的逆冲类型,南段为SE—SSE—NS—NNE向走滑和正断类型,在川滇块体的北部和西边界应力状态为EW—SE—SSE的正断层类型,表明来自印度板块的NNE或NE向的水平挤压应力和青藏高原物质东向滑移沿大型走滑断裂带向SE向平移的复合作用控制了南北地震带的岩石圈应力场.川滇块体西边界正断层类型应力状态范围与高分辨率地震学观测得到的中下地壳低速带范围基本吻合,青藏高原向东扩张的塑性物质流与横向边界(丽江—小金河断裂带)的弱化易于应变能的释放,在局部地区使NS向拉张的正断层向EW向拉张正断层转变.反演得到的应力状态基本上与各种类型地震的破裂方式比较吻合,也进一步验证反演结果的可靠性,可为地球动力学过程的模拟和活动断层滑动性质的厘定提供参考. 相似文献
7.
Using the focal mechanism solutions of 24 moderately strong earthquakes in the northern Tianshan area, we carried out system cluster and stress field inversion analysis. The result indicates that, the focal mechanism solutions of moderately strong earthquakes are mainly dipslip reverse faulting in the northern Tianshan area. The principal rupture planes of earthquakes are NW-oriented. It is basically consistent with the strike of earthquake structure in its adjacent area. The direction of the principal compression stress P axis is nearly NS, and its inclination angle is small; while the inclination angle of the principal extensional stress T axis is large. It shows that the regional stress field is mainly controlled by the near-NS horizontal compressive stress. The direction of the maximum principal stress shows a gradation process of NNE-NS-NW from east to west. 相似文献
8.
On October 17, 2014, a M S6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo M S6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with M L ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature. 相似文献
9.
乌鲁木齐地处天山中段.震源机制解研究表明,北天山中段区域主压应力方向为N10°E左右,且具有自西向东逐渐东偏的特点.在乌鲁木齐地区,由中强地震震源机制解反演的主压应力方向为N15°-20°E;由断层滑动资料反演的乌鲁木齐周边构造应力场的主压应力方向为N17°W-N2°E.上述两种资料反演的乌鲁木齐构造应力场主压应力方向... 相似文献
10.
在利用伽师及周围58次中强地震震源机制解对这一地区的构造应力场进行分析的基础上,结合系统聚类和应力场反演计算结果,对不同时期、不同区域应力场的变化特征进行了分析。该区域地震以走滑错动为主,柯坪块体逆冲作用更为明显。区域最大主压应力方向近SN,但不同构造背景下的主压应力方向存在着较明显的差异。乌恰-喀什地区P轴基本近SN向,但存在着由NW—SN—NE的随时间变化的过程;柯坪块体内部长期以来受较为一致的NW-SE向压应力作用;伽师震区P轴方向为NE-SW。1996年区域应力场方向开始发生明显的变化,P轴方位向NE偏转,倾角增大。结果表现出不同构造环境下应力场分布格局的特征或变化 相似文献
11.
利用1970年以来至今青藏块体东北部大量的震源机制解,分时间统计其主压应力方位并求其归一化分布。根据P轴的优势分布方位,推测其主压应力方向。同时,借助有限元方法,利用GPS大地水平形变观测资料,把1999年以来青藏块体东北部大量的GPS资料经过解算,计算其最大主应变率场及最大剪切应变率场。将震源机制解P轴的主压应力方向和GPS计算的最大主应力方向进行对比,分析青藏块体东北部构造应力场随时空的变化特点及时空差异性,探讨震源机制解P轴的优势分布方位、GPS资料的最大主应力方向与地震孕育之间的关系。 相似文献
12.
文中给出了根据地震释放的总地震矩求解平均应力场的方法,并使用加入随机误差的人工合成震源机制解数据和唐山余震区震源机制解数据对其进行检验。由检验结果可知,该方法可以应用于区域平均应力场的求解。使用的震源机制解资料越多,所得结果越稳定,且更接近真实的区域应力场。该方法的优点是: 用每个地震的震级作为权重,能够较好地反映出大小地震在应力场反演中的不同贡献; 并且在计算过程中不需要知道震源机制解2个节面中哪个节面为地震断层面。 相似文献
13.
本文基于云南地震台网数据, 对2021年6月10日云南双柏地震序列进行重新定位, 并对序列中4次MS≥3.5地震的震源机制解和震源区构造应力场进行了反演, 研究了双柏地震序列时空分布特征和发震构造.地震重定位结果显示, 双柏地震序列空间上呈NNE-SSW向优势分布, 发震断层较为陡立, 震源深度集中分布于5~15 km范围内, 震源深度表现为南浅北深的特征.MS5.1地震后余震序列在时空上呈现出不对称的双侧发展模式, MS4.6地震前后余震沿SSW向存在往返迁移现象.反演得到的序列震源机制解类型均为走滑型, 都具有与序列优势分布一致的NNE走向、高倾角SEE倾向节面.构造应力场反演表明震源区受到NNW向水平挤压和NEE向水平拉张的构造应力作用.结合重定位结果和序列震源机制分析认为, 双柏地震序列与附近的楚雄—建水断裂等无关, 其发震构造为一条NNE走向、SEE倾向的高倾角左旋走滑断裂, 构造形成受控于川滇菱形块体SSE向整体运动产生的NNW向挤压构造应力作用. 相似文献
14.
利用1965~2002年强震震源机制资料,对昆明及附近地区现代构造应力场空间分布、地震震源破裂特征进行了分析,认为昆明地区区域现代构造应力场以水平作用为主,主压应力优势方位为SSE-SE,主张应力优势方位为NE—NEE。 相似文献
15.
基于山东地区1970—2012年5月387次中小地震震源机制解数据,使用Gephart和Forsyth的 FMSI方法计算了该区的平均构造应力方向; 使用区域应力张量阻尼反演方法,结合共轭梯度法求解了应力张量的阻尼最小二乘最优化问题,并根据Lund和Townend推导给出的由构造应力张量计算最大水平主应力方向的公式,反演计算了山东地区构造应力场的空间分布特征,并讨论了该区构造应力场的变化及其与郯庐断裂带的关系. 相似文献
16.
利用四川及邻区数字地震台网2013—2018年的波形资料, 基于CAP和HASH方法反演得到锦屏一级水电站(以下简称锦屏水库)库区及周边ML≥2.5地震的震源机制解, 根据DRSSI方法计算得到库区局部应力场信息, 结合该区域的地质资料, 从震源机制参数和局部应力场变化等方面讨论了水库加卸载对该区域地震活动的影响.取得的主要认识如下: (1)库区地震活动类型以走滑型为主, 不同加卸载阶段震源机制类型存在一定差异, 库区蓄水前期震源机制类型呈现多样性, 蓄水后期与区域背景场趋于一致; (2)库区应力场最大主应力方向以NNW-SSE向为主, 分时段结果显示, 蓄水后期局部应力场最大主应力方向由NNW向逐渐发生偏转至NW向; (3)库区周边的地质构造和岩性条件有利于库水的渗透, 蓄水后重力载荷和流体渗透的共同作用导致岩体断层面库仑应力的变化, 从而呈现出库区蓄水前后中小地震活跃程度的显著差异特征. 相似文献
17.
四川盆地荣县—威远—资中地区属于历史弱震区,然而2019年相继发生多次破坏性地震事件.本文基于四川区域地震台网宽频带地震仪记录波形资料,利用CAP(Cut and Paste)波形反演方法,获得了2016年以来发生在荣县—威远—资中地区的26个MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解、震源矩心深度和矩震级,对该区域发震构造几何结构与变形特征及构造应力场特征进行了初步分析.主要获得如下认识:(1)26个MS≥3.0地震的震源矩心深度在1.5~5 km之间,平均深度3.4 km,表明事件发生在上地壳浅部沉积层内;震源深度分布揭示发震断层面倾向SE、缓倾角.(2)26个地震的震源机制全部为逆冲型,表明发震构造整体为逆断层性质.节面优势方位NNE-NE,结合走向与倾角统计结果,本文推测发震构造可能为威远背斜南翼一系列倾向SE、走向NNE-NE的缓倾角盲冲断层.(3)P、T、B轴优势方位单一,表明研究区域处于相对简单的构造应力环境.区域应力场反演获得的最大主压应力轴σ1方位NW-SE,近水平,与目前已知的该区域构造应力场水平主压应力方向一致,反映区内构造活动主要受区域构造应力场控制;其明显有别于四川盆地南缘2019年6月17日长宁MS6.0地震余震区NE-SW向的最大主压应力轴方位也揭示出四川盆地构造应力场具有明显的分区特征.(4)26个地震整体的应变花表现为NW-SE向挤压白瓣形态,表明区内发震构造整体呈NW-SE向纯挤压变形模式,明显有别于2019年长宁MS6.0地震序列NE-SW向挤压兼具小量NW-SE向拉张分量的构造变形模式,进一步表明四川盆地构造变形模式也具有明显的分区特征. 相似文献
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基于2009年1月至2017年11月首都圈地区发生的8 061个地震事件的23 293条P波初动极性数据,采用改进的格点尝试法计算了首都圈地区单次地震的震源机制解和小震综合断层面解。在初步分析这些数据的基础上,利用计算得到的单次地震的震源机制解和搜集到的已有历史地震的震源机制解数据,运用线性反演法对首都圈地区构造应力场的时空变化特征进行了研究。结果显示:① 研究区的地震震源机制解类型以走滑型为主,正断型次之,这些地震震源机制解的 P轴方位大都为ENE向和近EW向,与该地区的构造应力场方向基本一致,仅有个别地震的 P轴方位为NNW向;② 首都圈地区的构造应力场具有较好的一致性和连续性,最大主应力轴方位由西部的ENE向至东部的近EW向呈现顺时针旋转的趋势,应力类型整体上为走滑型,这与以往的研究结果相一致;③ 通过与已有研究结果相比较认为:京西北地区现今构造应力场是相对稳定的,最大主应力轴未呈明显改变;唐山地区和北京地区的构造应力场(最大主应力轴)在1976年唐山地震前后可能发生了变化,唐山地震后一年至今(1977—2017年)是否发生变化,依据现有的计算结果尚不得而知,需要更多的研究来进一步验证. 相似文献
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地壳应力场对探讨区域构造动力过程和形变机制有重要意义.为了获得云南及邻区精确的构造应力场以及确定先前研究中存在差异地区的构造应力场,本研究首先在搜集研究区已有震源机制解的基础上,使用gCAP方法反演了近年来发生的地震震源机制解,共获得研究区震源机制解1302个; 其次,在应力场反演时,提出了定量设置反演网格大小的方法,并删除阻尼和无阻尼反演应力场结果性质存在差异的网格.最终,基于大量震源机制解资料获得研究区精确的应力场:(1)云南及邻区震源机制解类型以走滑型为主,遍布整个研究区,逆走滑和逆冲型地震集中分布在云南与四川盆地交界地区,正断型和正走滑型地震较少,主要分布在滇西和滇西北地区; 研究区震源机制解的多样性,在一定程度上反映了研究区构造活动和应力场的空间差异性.(2)云南及邻区整体应力场表现为:主压应力轴方位迹线呈以西北角为中心的扇形分布,主张应力轴方位迹线呈以西北角为中心的弧形分布,总体上反映青藏高原物质向东南的运移作用对研究区应力场具有控制作用.(3)研究区应力场类型以走滑型为主,局部地区出现逆冲和拉张型应力场,所得结果与前人应力场研究结果总体上一致.(4)腾冲火山区地壳应力场为走滑型,与腾冲地区断裂以走滑型为主相一致,一定程度上揭示出现今火山活动对浅部地壳应力场的影响较小. 相似文献
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利用成都、昆明遥测数字地震波形记录资料,研究大量小震震源机制解和视应力值,分析了区域应力场动态和视应力值的时-空分布.给出川青地块平均应力场方位的时间变化.川青地块平均主应力场的方位在汶川8.0级地震前出现明显扰动,同时,地块力轴张量的倾角变化也很明显.得出2006~2007年川青块体逆冲型地震比例偏高,汶川8.0级地震前区域中小地震震源错动类型发生变化的结果,与区域地形变的分析结果是一致的.根据地震波形全波段计算辐射能量,求得的视应力σapp值揭示区域视应力值的微动态起伏过程与区域主压应力场方位的转折类似,可用于地块蕴震物理过程的探索.从汶川8.0级地震前的中短期视应力σapp值的空间分布看,震中所在的龙门山断裂带是低应力分布区,而相对高视应力则分布在外围地区.这些图像可能揭示了汶川8.0级地震前中短期发震构造附近呈现的闭锁现象. 相似文献
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