苏北海岸带潮成辐射砂脊群的形成及其古地理意义

南黄海潮成辐射砂脊群的面积约为20000km2，以160° 的角度从弓京港向海展开。它与以弓京港为顶点的辐聚辐散潮流场相伴而生。60余个钻孔揭示，毗邻海区辐射砂脊体系的江苏沿岸平原上存在一个面积约3000 km2潮成砂区，其顶点位于东台，同样呈扇形以130°的角度向东展开。在潮成砂区内潮成砂质沉积单元位于冰后期海侵型砂坝-湖沉积层之上，二者之间具明显的冲刷面。砂坝-湖沉积层位于晚更新世基底硬粘土层之上，二者之间有较长的沉积间断。潮成砂沉积层上覆潮坪沉积层，二者呈渐变关系。以潮成砂层底部的侵蚀面为界，其下为海侵序列，其上为海退序列。古潮流的研究揭示，潮成砂区内同样存在辐聚辐散的古潮流场，其顶点位于东台附近。由此推断，沿海平原的潮成砂区内也是辐射状潮成砂脊体系，它形成于全新世海退时期。由于长江和黄河三角洲的前展，以东台为顶点的潮成砂脊体系逐渐暴露成陆。陆上和海域潮成辐射砂脊群形成于相同的潮汐动力环境，但处在不同的发育阶段，前者形成于全新世中期，后者发育于全新世晚期。矿物分析揭示，陆上和海区的潮成辐射砂脊体系主要由长江和黄河沉积物组成，其中长江沉积物由南向北运移，且时间较早；黄河沉积物由北向南运移，时间较迟，这种泥沙的运移趋势一直延续至今。随着海平面上升趋于减缓，长江三角洲增长，江苏海岸线向外推进，苏北潮成砂区逐渐出露成陆。1128年黄河由苏北入海，大量的黄河沉积物的加入，加快了本区海岸线的推进速度。潮成辐射砂脊体系与辐聚辐散的潮流场相伴而生，全新世最大海侵以来，辐聚辐散的潮流场的位置曾经历三次变化，第一次以长江古河口湾为顶点，第二次位于现今陆上潮成砂区，第三次位于以弓京港为顶点的现代海域，代表了潮成辐射砂脊体系发育的三个阶段。只是长江古河口湾的潮成辐射砂脊体系由于河流的巨大改造作用，可能未很好保存，至今未发现典型的辐射砂脊体系。     

沉积分异作用与河口海洋沉积

沉积分异作用在解释表层沉积现象时具有重要意义。在水流辐聚或辐散区域,表层沉积物将因辐聚和辐散运移而分别呈细化和粗化状态。河口区细颗粒沉积区的形成,是因为河口区存在底层余流辐聚的滞流区现象;东中国海涡旋区泥质沉积现象的形成,是因为涡旋区存在指向涡旋中心的底层辐聚流;浙闽沿岸泥质沉积现象是近岸的浙闽沿岸流和远岸的台湾暖流之间存在余流辐聚带;英吉利海峡宽度最窄处的沉积物粗化现象,是因该处沉积物在水流作用下呈分离运移趋势所引起。     

南黄海辐射沙脊群形成演变的动力地貌过程数值模拟

江苏沿海辐射沙脊群在国内潮成沙体中较为罕见,有关辐射沙脊形成的动力机制已有定论,但对其形成时间和物质来源说法不一。运用长时间尺度动力地貌过程数学模型复演了辐射沙脊群形成演变过程,结果表明:江苏岸外辐聚辐散的流场不依赖于局部海底地形而独立存在;不同初始地形下只要泥沙供给充足,经过150年左右潮流动力对地形不断塑造,辐射状"水道-沙脊"相间的地貌格局都能基本形成;辐射沙脊群是废黄河北归约150年后,随着废黄河水下三角洲不断被侵蚀,辐聚辐散的潮流对不同来源物质重新塑造的结果,是动力-泥沙-地形相互作用的产物。     

苏北弶港现代潮坪沉积

对现代砂泥质潮坪研究,不仅有益于弄清潮汐沉积作用,而且为探讨古潮坪沉积,寻找有关矿产提供依据。近年来我们对弶港潮坪调查研究表明,该潮坪是以古长江和旧黄河组成的三角洲为基础,并在两股强潮流以弶港为顶点辐聚辐散控制下所形成的滩面宽阔,潮沟发育,向海开敞的潮坪。本文着重探讨潮坪不同地貌单元沉积物的特点和相标志。不妥之处,望祈指正。     

辫状河三角洲水下分流河道储层构型研究

以苏北盆地海安凹陷泰一段为例,发育典型的辫状河三角洲沉积,砂体内部结构尚不明确。综合考虑岩性、沉积特征等因素,并从测井资料提取反映构型要素的电性、物性特征参数,进行特征值交会图分析,建立构型要素由定性到定量的识别模型。研究认为,可将水下分流河道厚砂体分成三种级次:水下分流河道复合砂体、单一水下分流河道砂体、河道砂体内部的增生体;两种构型要素:河道主体和河道侧缘,建立了辫状河三角洲水下分流河道内部构型模式。     

长江口及邻近海域现代沉积速率及其对长江入海泥沙去向的指示意义

对长江口及附近海域的16根重力柱样进行了210Pb沉积速率测试, 结合以往成果, 揭示了该区现代沉积速率分布格局, 对其控制因素以及其对认识长江入海泥沙去向的指示意义进行了探讨.沉积速率最高值分布在南支口外、杭州湾口群岛北部的前三角洲地区, 最高可达6.3m/a, 总体上在3cm/a以上; 次高值分布在杭州湾北部, 约1.7~3.0cm/a, 南部略低, 约0.4~1.0cm/a; 长江口水下负地形北部海域存在小片沉积速率较高的区域, 最高值达2.58cm/a; 低值主要分布在苏北辐射沙洲、过渡沉积区以及浅海陆架的大片区域, 基本保持在1cm/a以下.研究表明, 长江泥沙出口门后主要在水下三角洲地区进行了堆积, 其次有相当部分在涨潮流顶托下进入杭州湾, 进入杭州湾南部的泥沙又在落潮流作用下经杭州湾南侧向舟山海域方向输运; 长江入海物质向外海的扩散基本被控制在123°E以西, 苏北辐射沙洲、过渡沉积区以及浅海陆架的大片区域缺乏现代长江物质供应; 长江悬浮泥沙对研究区东北部陆架区影响较小, 废黄河口被侵蚀物质和黄海悬浮物质为其较高沉积速率的主要贡献者.      

高邮凹陷黄珏-马家嘴地区戴南组重力流沉积及其成因

苏北盆地勘探开发重点正逐步由寻找构造类油气藏向寻找隐蔽油气藏转变,重力流沉积形成的岩性砂体对隐蔽油气藏的勘探显得日益重要.以岩心、测-录井、地震反射特征等资料对苏北盆地高邮凹陷西南端黄珏-马家嘴地区戴南组沉积砂体及其成因进行研究,结果表明:该区戴南组一段沉积时期主要发育了近岸水下冲积扇、滑塌-浊积扇沉积;戴南组二段沉积时期主要发育了扇三角洲沉积、滑塌-浊积扇沉积.这些沉积砂体的发育与独特的构造样式、活跃的构造背景、外力活动等因素有着密切的联系;滑塌-浊积扇的发现为进一步的油气勘探提供了依据和思路.      

沉积物粘土混浊水电导率与pH值相关性研究——以渤海湾西岸平原XZ、MD钻孔为例

对渤海湾西岸平原XZ、MD钻孔样品的粘土混浊水电导率(以下简称EC)和pH测定值进行相关分析,结果显示EC与pH都呈高度负相关,两孔的相关系数分别为-0.830(P＜0.01)和-0.765(P＜0.01).整体上EC与pH呈反比特征.进一步根据EC测定值将两钻孔沉积物分为海相、海陆过渡相和陆相分带,并对各分带中的EC和pH作相关性分析,结果表明除XZ孔海相沉积带(Ⅰ带)相关性偏低(r=0.089,P＞ 0.05)外,其他各沉积带均显示较明显的负相关.但负相关性也有所不同,XZ孔海陆过渡相沉积带(Ⅱ带,r=-0.740,P＜0.01)负相关性最为明显;MD孔海陆过渡相沉积带(Ⅰ带,r=-0.434,P＜0.01)、XZ孔陆相沉积带(Ⅲ带,r=-0.403,P＜0.05)和MD孔陆相沉积带(Ⅱ带,r=-0.482,P＜0.05)也有较明显的负相关性.这表明沉积物EC与pH相关程度的差异,亦可在一定程度上反映出其沉积环境的不同.     

广西凌云早二迭世沉积灰岩脉和沉积灰岩体的发现及其在古构造研究上的意义

本文介绍了广西凌云县深洞一带发现的沉积灰岩脉和沉积灰岩体。它们形成于早二迭世茅口期,但穿插在泥盆纪灰岩中,沉积灰岩体内还含石炭纪灰岩角砾,这样不同时代的化石往往在同一露头上出现。沉积岩脉和沉积岩体赋存的空间是古构造裂隙和古岩溶,它们不仅说明有过沉积间断,而且确凿地反映了一场古构造的活动,它们在古构造研究上具有重要的意义。     

基于岩石电性参数频散特性的储层参数评价方法

基于岩石电性参数频散特性的物理机理,构建了新的岩石电频散特征参数——频散率P,通过模拟油藏条件下的储层岩石和人工岩样对比电频散实验分析,建立起频散率P与饱和度、孔隙度、渗透率、阳离子交换量Qv等储层参数的响应关系。研究表明:频散率P与含水饱和度、孔隙度具有较好的线性关系,频散率P与渗透率、阳离子交换量Qv具有较好的幂律关系。与模值频散率PZ和实部频散率PR相比,相位频散率Pφ和虚部频散率PL能够更好的表征岩石的电频散特征;频散率P和储层参数具有良好的相关性和指示性,可作为电频谱测井的储层评价参数。     

Transgression of an estuarine channel and tidal flat complex: the Lower Triassic of Barles, Alpes de Haute Provence, France

The Lower Triassic succession of Barles, Alpes de Haute Provence, France, comprises an unconformable quartz arenite sand body of 90m thickness. The succession may be informally divided into (i) lower channellized cross-bedded member overlain by (ii) an upper fining upward member. The lower member comprises vertically stacked, subtidal channel units separated into five major sand bodies by thin developments of fine grained channel margin and shoal deposits. Subtidal channel fill deposits are dominated by varying scales of cross bedding. These scales vary systematically from the base to the top of the member, with large scale planar sets dominating the lowest channel sand body (sand body 1), medium scale planar and trough cross bedding characterizing sand bodies 2-4, the largest scale planar sets in the highest sand body (sand body 5). This upward change in cross bedding scale is concomitant with a decrease in both the relief of major channel sand body erosion surfaces, and the proportion of preserved interchannel shoal deposits. The succeeding fining upward member comprises small scale tidal channel units overlain by channel shoal and tidal flat deposits. Tidal flat sequences are characterized by parallel laminated, wave and current rippled sandstones separated by bioturbated, fine grained siltstones and mudstones. The vertical variation in facies of the Lower Triassic succession suggests two main periods of deposition. The lower member is considered to preserve successively more seaward components of a transgressive estuarine complex. The overlying upper member records the seaward progradation of tidal channel, shoal and tidal flat environments. The unconformity bounded nature of the lower member, combined with its systematic variation in facies, suggests it may represent an incised valley-estuarine fill developed in response to an early Triassic relative sea level fall and subsequent rise. Succeeding tidal channel and tidal flat deposits forming the upper fining upward member reflect a change in sediment supply and/or rate of relative sea level rise comparable with a progradational shoreline. It is unclear whether this final depositional episode represents a period of highstand progradation or a later lowstand shoreline system developed following a further period of relative sea level fall and rise.     

Sedimentary facies of the central part of radial tidal sand ridge system of the eastern China coast

A unique radial tidal sand ridge system (RTSRS) has developed under a complex tidal current field on the eastern China coast between the Yangtze River delta to the south and the abandoned Yellow River (Huanghe) delta to the north. The present study examines the sedimentary evolution of a ridge-channel pair in the central RTSRS. Three cores, with two on the ridges and one in the channel, were drilled to reveal the late Pleistocene-Holocene deposits of the system. Five sedimentary facies were distinguished, i.e. ridgeshallow subtidal facies, ridge-deep subtidal facies, nearsurface channel bottom facies, middle tidal flat facies and low tidal flat facies. The ridge-shallow subtidal facies consists of sandy strata with ripple cross beddings, horizontal lamina, and massive beddings. Bioturbation seldom occurs. The ridge-deep subtidal facies is primarily characterized by sandy and muddy interlayers with common flaser and lenticular bedding structures. Bioturbation appears abundantly. Massive and graded sediment sequences of storm origin are present as characterized by rich shell fragments. The nearsurface channel bottom facies consists of loose, soft, clayey silt deposits with deformed sedimentary layers. This facies occurs in the deeper part of the active channels. The middle tidal flat and lower tidal flat facies composed of silt-clay couplets prevailed primarily in the tidal flats. Incomplete sedimentary successions show that coastal plain deposits dominate in the study area during 12–13 ka B.P. The sandy ridge and channel facies became dominant during 4–6 ka B.P. when the sea level receded temporarily. Tidal ridge and channel in the study area became active during the last four decades. Sediment reworking due to typhoon and sandy ridge migration plays a key role in shaping the present radial ridge system.     

贵州盘县晚二叠世潮坪相沉积特征

通过对贵州盘县上二叠统钻井资料的研究分析,基于沉积岩石学、沉积学、古生物地史学及沉积地球化学等相标志识别出潮坪沉积以陆源碎屑沉积为主,可细分为砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪和潮沟等5种微相。分析认为:潮坪沉积发育海退型进积层序,沉积物粒度整体较细,分选性较好,发育潮汐层理;混合坪、泥坪、泥炭坪微相泥岩中V/(V+Ni)、Sr/Ba、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co、Ceanom等地球化学参数指示了各微相沉积水体的缺氧-贫氧-氧化状态、贫氧-氧化状态和还原-贫氧-缺氧-氧化状态,与地质背景吻合性好。     

海侵背景下风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚砂体研究——以塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段为例

塔中志留系下沥青砂岩段发育海侵背景下受风暴控制的滨岸-陆棚沉积体系,沉积砂体的类型有滨岸砂、浅海砂坝和陆棚砂。风暴作用改造并控制着陆棚砂、浅海砂坝等砂体,使其发育规模增大。海侵时期形成的上述三种砂体的储集性优于海退时期形成的潮道砂体。滨岸砂、浅海砂坝和陆棚砂体区域上尖灭与陆棚泥岩组合,可形成较好的岩性地层圈闭。     

塔河油田南部石炭系卡拉沙依组沉积相研究

综合应用沉积学、古生物学、地球化学等多学科理论,通过岩心观察描述,结合测井、录井、古生物、地球化学等资料综合分析认为:塔河油田南部石炭系卡拉沙依组上部砂泥岩段砂岩中发育羽状交错层理、波状层理、透镜状层理,砂泥岩薄互层,低砂地比,半咸水生物或广盐度生物大量发育,反映了一种潮坪环境;平面上,研究区北部偏粗、含砾,反映存在河流注入,为具有河口湾性质的潮坪沉积体系,卡拉沙依组砂泥岩段主要处于潮间带,发育潮道、砂坪、砂泥混合坪、泥坪、河口坝等微相。下部的上泥岩段为深灰色、灰褐色、棕褐色泥岩,偶夹薄层泥质粉砂岩、灰质泥岩条带,发育平行层理,为泻湖相沉积。     

大别山北麓竹竿河黄土—古土壤的磁组构特征及其古环境意义

大别山北麓竹竿河黄土—古土壤样品的磁组构特征显示,研究剖面0～1480cm层段的平均Pj、F值小于1.02,而底部Pj、F大于1.02。F—L、Pj—q组合关系图反映磁化率椭球体为压扁状,磁面理较磁线理发育。磁化率椭球体主轴方位显示0～1480cm层段样品的椭球体轴向分布分散,长轴的倾角大于60°,短轴的倾角小于15°,而底部的分布聚集,长轴的倾角一般小于10°,短轴的倾角大于80°,上述特征综合揭示了0～1480cm层段属于典型风成沉积而底部属于典型水成沉积。磁化率椭球体最大主轴的偏角暗示风成沉积的主导风向为NW—SE方向,而水成沉积的古流向为SW—NE方向,与现代竹竿河水系的方向基本一致。磁化率各向异性最大轴方向的优选方向可能与大别山抬升等构造运动有关。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东南部石炭系本溪组沉积微相特征及其对天然气富集控制作用

综合利用钻井、测井资料,结合邻区露头调查,深入分析鄂尔多斯盆地东南部天然气主要勘探层系石炭系本溪组沉积微相及其砂体分布特征,认为鄂尔多斯盆地东南部本溪组主要发育障壁海岸沉积体系及陆棚沉积体系,并进一步划分出砂坪、混合坪、泥坪、泥灰坪、障壁砂坝、泻湖泥、泥质陆棚7种沉积微相;障壁砂坝及砂坪砂体是天然气储集的骨架砂体,其发育完全受控于沉积相带的展布;本溪组主要产气层"晋祠砂岩"为障壁砂坝及潮汐砂坪成因,障壁主砂坝呈北北东—南南西展布;小砂坝则零星分布,砂坪呈北北西—南南东展布,2类砂体发育区是本溪组天然气勘探有利目标区。     

滨浅海泥流沟谷识别标志、类型及沉积模式——以莺歌海盆地东方1-1气田为例

在滨浅海沉积环境中有一类特殊的重力流水道沉积,名为泥流沟谷（mud flow gully）。泥流沟谷以泥岩充填为主,呈正韵律,厚度中等,往往切割其下部的砂体。在垂向上表现为泥流沟谷之下多为临滨或滨外的砂坝与滩砂,其上多为滨外泥沉积。泥流沟谷主要形成于滨浅海地形转折之处,由于构造事件的影响,导致塑性的尚未固结成岩的泥质沉积产生滑动,形成一种形态上类似下切河道的沟谷,在地形平缓之处,这些泥流又发生汇聚形成前端连片分布的特征。按泥流冲沟切割砂体的规模,可细分为“深”、“中”、“浅”三种类型,其中“深沟谷”表现为“深而宽”的特征,发育在地形坡折带,下切程度强;而“浅沟谷”呈现“浅而窄”的特点,发育在地形上游平缓带,下切程度弱;“中沟谷”下切深度介于“深”、“浅”两种沟谷之间,下切程度中等。泥流沟谷是储集砂体的侧向渗流屏障,浅沟谷往往分布在砂体中心部位,深沟谷分布在砂体边缘,中沟谷处于二者之间。受泥流沟谷的影响,砂坝砂体呈孤立状分布,同时由于夹层的影响使得砂体横向及垂向连续性与连通性变差。     

A trough cross-stratified glaucarenite: a Cambrian tidal inlet accumulation

The upper part of the Riley Formation, Cambrian of central Texas, is primarily composed of a sequence of thoroughly trough cross-stratified deposits. The dominant lithologies range from fossiliferous glaucarenite to highly glauconitic bio-sparrudite. These cross-stratified deposits accumulated within a tidal inlet and associated lagoonal tributary and distributary channels. Tidal inlet-fill strata are underlain by shallow, open marine oosparites and biomicrites and are overlain by parallel bedded glaucarenites which accumulated as part of a barrier island complex. The parallel bedded deposits exhibit large scale, gently inclined strata, ripple cross-stratification, and a minor amount of vertical burrows. Some glaucarenite units within the tidal inlet-fill have local concentrations of skeletal material, primarily trilobite carapaces. These concentrations are most abundant in the bottoms of troughs. Cementation by bladed to fibrous spar between the carapaces has resulted in the nodular appearance of these skeletal accumulations. Calcite clasts, with relict evaporite textures, occur within the carbonate nodules and surrounding glaucarenite. These clasts were eroded from the shallow subsurface of the barrier island as the tidal inlet migrated. The presence of the former evaporite clasts attest to an arid climate at the time of their formation.