青藏高原东北缘共和盆地第四纪磁性地层学研究

共和盆地第四纪剖面磁性地层学研究表明,该剖面包含了四个正极性段,三个负极性段,剖面底部地层年龄约为2.11Ma B.P.。结合剖面的沉积特征和已有的孢粉组合特征分析,可以确定该剖面记录了共和盆地2.11Ma B.P.以来的气候变化,且气候发生转型的主要时期依次为1.92 Ma B.P、1.75Ma B.P.、1.40Ma B.P.、1.02 Ma B.P.和0.87Ma B.P.。其主要原因可能是青藏高原强烈隆升远程效应的结果。共和盆地气候变化时间序列的建立为研究青藏高原隆升及环境效应提供有力证据。      

长江三角洲地区第四纪磁性地层学研究

根据长江三角洲地区18个新老钻孔的古地磁、磁化率、天然剩余磁化强度等磁性特征的综合研究，证明布容正向极性带、松山反向极性带与高斯正向极性带，以及哥德堡、布莱克、贾拉米洛、奥尔杜维极性亚带在本区都存在；结合岩石地层、生物地层和测年数据等资料，与微古、孢粉等分析结果都有一定的吻合性；这对第四纪地层的划分具有重要的参考价值。同时认为，第四纪时长江三角洲地区继接受碎屑沉积物以来，基本表现为一连续沉积区，并无长时间的大规模沉积间断。     

兰田段家坡黄土剖面磁性地层学研究

兰田黄土剖面厚约132m。更新统黄土不整合地覆盖在第三系红粘土层之上。在该削面采集了147组古地磁样品,经古地磁测定,结果显示B/M界限位于L_8之中,贾拉米洛事件位于S_(11)至S_(12)层段,奥尔都维事件位于S_(28)—S_(32)层段,在该剖面首次发现留尼昂亚时。结果表明:更新世黄土与第三纪红粘土的界线同M/Ga界限一致,兰田黄土最早形成于2.45Ma,据此推测兰田陈家窝猿人化石年龄为0.66Ma,公王岭猿人化石年龄为1.15Ma。     

衡阳盆地红层的磁性地层学研究

本文用磁性地层学方法研究衡阳盆地白垩纪－第三忆地层，建立了该地层的磁极性序列。以地磁极性年代表为时间标尺，并辅之岩石的＾３９Ａｒ－＾４０Ａｒ同位素年代测定值，研究了各地层单元的生成年代，为地层时代的确定提供了依据。研究认为，衡阳盆地东北组时代属早白垩世；神皇山时代为早白垩世－晚白垩世；载家坪组时代为晚白垩世；东塘组和霞流市组时代属古新世。     

北京山前冲洪积缓倾斜平原晚新生代沉积物磁性地层学研究

通过北京地区新8钻孔的古地磁样品测试研究,发现其岩心所包含的正负极性段,可与标准极性柱中的布容正极性时.高斯正极性时和松山反极性时具有较好的对比性。建立高精度、可靠的长尺度年代地层格架,为建立北京城市三维地质结构提供了基础,对研究新构遭活动.平原区地质演化历史,工程地质和水文地质条件,具有重要的意义。     

顺5孔的磁性地层学和早松山世的北京海侵

Vertically oriented samples collected from the care S-5 in the county of Shunyi,Beijing Plain, were measured on an astatic magnetometer, after demagnetized with a peak value of 150 or 200 Oe. The results have shown that the loose sediments up to a thickness of 640 m have recorded the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary at the depth of 160m, the Matuyama-Gauss boundary at the. depth of 468 m, and the short events corresponding to the polarity events during each epoch. 28 species of foraminiferal fossils were isolated from the sample at the depth of 428 m, 31% of this fauna is composed of planktonic foraminifera. Such an assemblage in dicates the warm, shallow-water, open-sea palaeoecological environments.According to the ages of magnetostratigraphic sequences, this marina bed composed of silts and sands with foraminiferal fossils marked by classical HyaliNea baltica,has been dated to be about 2.26 re.y, B.P., approximating the age of FAD of Hyalinea baltica in the section at Santa Maria in Italy (about 2.1 m.y.B. P). Its equivalent is also found in the other coree from the Beijing Plain. From these facts, it is postulatsd that during the early Matuyama epoch, an extensive transgression took place on the Beijing Plain. A new datum level of benthonic and planktonic foraminifera marked by the appearance of Hyalinea baltica has been found in Early Matuyama strata in the Beijing Plain. The first appearance of cold forms in the Vrica Section in Italy has been dated to be about 2:4 m.y.B.P. Based upon the up-to-date reports on calcareous nannoplankton, the interval of 2.3--1.6 m.y. is a distinet alternating stage in their evolution history. The climate in the Northern Hemisphere began to become obviously colder at about 2.5 m.y. ago. From the foregoing discussion, it is reasonable to set the Pliocene-Pleistoecne boundary in the Beijing Plain at the basal limit of the Matuyama epoch (2.43 m.y.).     

洛川北韩寨黄土磁性地层学的初步研究

The stratigraphic sequence of the Beihanzhai loess section at Luochuan is similar to that of the typical Heimugou loess secdon of Pleistocene age. Loess samples were collected from the major output of the Beihanzhai section for determining the B/M boundary. The NRM of specimens was measured on a cryogenic fluxgate magnetometer in the Palcomagnetic Lab. of A.N.U. The stepwise TH and AF demagnetization of the specimens were carried out, respectively. The analysis of orthogonal diagrams constructed on the basis of demagnetization data indicates that TH demagnetization is better than AF demagnetization to obtain the characteristic NRM components. The data on inclination, declination and latitude of V.G.P. show that the B/M boundary approximately lies between loess bed L8 and palaeosol bed S7, and the Jalamillo subchron is at least recorded at the portion from S10 to L10. By comparing the magnetic data from the Beihanzhai loess section with those from the Heimugou loess section reported in 1977, it is obvious that the Olduvia subchron is recorded at the second palaeosol complex in the middle part of Early Pleistocene loess at Wucheng, Evidence shows that the Luochuan loess began depositing in Early Matuyama at abont 2.3--2.4 m.y. ago.     

长江三角洲北翼ZKA4钻孔剖面第四纪磁性地层特征及其意义

对长江三角洲北翼南通地区ZKA4钻孔岩心进行了磁性地层学研究,结果表明,302.7 m的岩心记录了布容正向极性时（Brunhes）、松山负向极性时（Matruyama）和部分高斯正极性时（Gauss）。在系统古地磁样品采集、处理和测试的基础上,应用磁性地层、AMS 14C加速器测年等方法,结合岩性特征,对ZKA4钻孔剖面进行了详细地层划分,分别确定了下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的埋深及沉积厚度,其中Q/N界线位于291.72 m处,Qp1/Qp2、Qp2/Qp3、Qp3/Qh界线分别定位于189.39 m、132.44 m和26.14 m处。本项研究结果为该区域第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境演化及岸线变迁等相关研究提供了可靠的地层年代框架。     

北京平原顺义ZK12 2钻孔剖面第四纪磁性地层学研究

对北京平原顺义凹陷内的ZK12-2钻孔岩芯进行了详细的磁性地层学研究,结果表明,719m的岩芯记录了布容正向极性时(Brunhes)、贾拉米洛(Jaramillo)极性亚时、奥尔都维(Olduvai)极性亚时和高斯正极性时(Gauss)。在系统古地磁样品采集、处理和测试的基础上,应用古地磁法、光释光法,结合岩芯特征,对ZK12-2钻孔剖面进行了详细地层划分,分别确定了下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统的分布深度及地质年代,将Q/N定位于706m处,Q1/Q2、Q2/Q3、Q3/Q4分别定位于170m、66.5m、10m处。本项研究结果为该区第四纪地层划分对比、古地理环境、活动断裂相关研究提供了可靠的地层年代框架。     

渤海海峡潮流底应力与沉积物分布的关系

用数值模型方法计算了渤海海峡区潮流引起的最大和平均底应力,以及相应的活动层厚度的空间分布,并根据沉积物参数计算了沉积物临界起动切应力。计算结果的分析表明 :(1)最大潮流底应力和沉积物临界起动切应力的关系与底质分布之间存在着明显的对应,最大潮流底应力大于临界起动切应力的地方,分布着粗颗粒沉积物,若前者小于后者,对应的是细颗粒沉积物,若两者近于相等,则对应着较细颗粒的沉积物;(2 )在山东半岛北部近岸和渤海海峡的东北角,最大潮流底应力小于或接近于临界起动切应力的量值,而对应的沉积物是粉砂和砂,这一例外可能是由于残留沉积的出露,这一假说需要根据全新世海面上升历史、古水动力环境模拟、渤海海峡沉积环境演化等方面的研究来验证;(3)活动层厚度的分布规律与海底沉积物的分布存在着相关性 :即活动层厚度越大,对应的海底沉积物越粗;活动层厚度越小,对应的沉积物越细。     

渤海海峡跨海通道地区海洋地质调查研究进展

通过高分辨率浅地层剖面、小道距高分辨率多道地震、侧扫声呐、表层地质取样、地质钻探等调查手段,查明渤海海峡跨海通道区海底地形地貌、底质类型及分布、地层结构、活动断裂、地震活动性、地应力等基础地质特征,归纳总结海底浅表层地质灾害、第四纪地层格架与古环境演化、阐述渤海海峡跨海通道区地壳稳定性评价的主要进展成果。渤海海峡活动断裂较为发育,新构造运动活跃,地壳稳定性评价属于不稳定区域,东侧北黄海盆地区域地壳稳定性相对较好,西部渤海盆地区域和海峡区南部区域稳定性较差。渤海海峡最新调查成果为跨海通道工程建设提供基础资料和决策依据,为国家重大涉海工程提供防灾减灾服务,为渤海地区古气候与环境演变提供新的认识。     

渤海湾北岸晚第四纪沉积物物理力学性质及其对地面沉降的影响

对渤海湾北岸晚第四纪沉积物进行详细的沉积学、年代学和物理力学性质分析研究发现,渤海湾北岸50 m以浅自上而下分为九个单元,依次为第一海相层、滨海湖、末次冰消期湖沼、末次冰消期初期沼泽、盛冰期硬粘土、河床、第二海相层、末次冰期间冰阶湖沼和末次冰期泛滥堆积。自然压缩固结引发的地面沉降与沉积物的含水率、孔隙比、黏聚力和压缩系数等物理力学性质关系密切。第一海相层的各项指数均较高,其次为第二海相层和末次冰消期的泛滥沉积,最小为盛冰期的硬粘土和末次冰期泛滥沉积。以孔隙比和压缩系数为指标,假设第一海相层压缩固结到沉积环境相似的第二海相层,需要压缩固结196.2 cm;末次冰消期泛滥沉积压缩固结到沉积环境相似的末次冰期泛滥沉积,需要压缩固结114 cm。30 m以浅地层的自然固结压缩速率最大为0.04 mm/a,远远小于目前的地面沉降速率。     

Late Quaternary contourites and glaciomarine sedimentation in the Fram Strait

Two sites in the eastern Fram Strait, the Vestnesa Ridge and the Yermak Plateau, have been surveyed and sampled providing a depositional record over the last glacial‐interglacial cycle. The Fram Strait is the only deep‐water connection from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic and contains a marine sediment record of both high latitude thermohaline flow and ice sheet interaction. On the Vestnesa Ridge, the western Svalbard margin, a sediment drift was identified in 1226 m of water. Gravity and multicores from the crest of the drift recovered turbidites and contourites. ¹⁴C dating indicates an age range of 8287 to 26 900 years BP (Early Holocene to Late Weichselian). The Yermak Plateau is characterized by slope sediments in 961 m of water. Gravity and multicores recovered contourites and hemipelagites. ¹⁴C ages were between 8615 and 46 437 years BP (Early Holocene to mid‐Weichselian). Downcore dinoflagellate cyst analyses from both sites provide a record of changing surface water conditions since the mid‐Weichselian, suggesting variable sea ice extent, productivity and polynyas present even during the Last Glacial Maximum. Four layers of ice‐rafted debris were also identified and correlated within the cores. These events occurred ca at 9, 24 to 25, 26 to 27 and 43 ka, asynchronous with Heinrich layers in the wider north‐east Atlantic and here interpreted as reflecting instability in the Svalbard/Barents Ice sheet and the northward advection of warm Atlantic water during the Late Weichselian. The activity of the ancestral West Spitsbergen Current is interpreted using mean sortable silt records from the cores. On the Vestnesa Ridge drift the modern mass accumulation rate, calculated using excess ²¹⁰Pb, is 0·076 g cm^?2 year^?1. On the Yermak Plateau slope the modern mass accumulation rate is 0·053 g cm^?2 year^?1.     

Influencing factors and evaluation application of regional crustal stability in the Bohai Strait

Due to the extremely complex geological conditions in the Bohai Strait, active faults is very developed and earthquake activity occurs frequently. It is of great importance to evaluate the regional crustal stability for the planning and construction of the Trans-straits Passage. In this study, the authors carry out the evaluation by means of buffer analysis, topology analysis and overlay analysis based on ArcGIS software. The evaluation mainly analyzed six assessment factors of Bohai Strait including neotectonic activity, active faults distribution, seismicity, tectonic stress fields, Bouguer gravity anomaly and geological disasters. In brief, the crustal stability of the eastern North Yellow Sea Basin is best, while that of the Bohai Basin and southwest Bohai Strait is poor. Meanwhile, small and frequent earthquakes in the southern Strait and geological disasters developed in the northern and central Strait such as tidal ridge and shallow gas which may adversely impact on the Trans-straits Passage construction.     

第四纪钻孔基本属性管理系统的AO实现方法研究

第四纪钻孔与基础地质、水文地质钻孔有所不同，常有更为复杂的测试和实验资料。从第四纪钻孔的基本特征出发，讨论了ArcGIS平台下利用ArcObjects(AO)进行第四纪钻孔属性管理系统的开发，简要说明了系统具有的功能及特色。实践表明，AO具有开发简单、快速、高效、易于扩展等特点，是在ArcGIS上进行相关信息系统研制的有效工具。     

郯庐断裂带渤海段第四纪活动规律探讨

郯庐断裂带渤海段也称为营潍断裂带。文中利用一系列地震剖面,对营潍断裂带第四纪活断层的几何学特征、活动方式与时间、应力场及活动性进行了综合分析,探讨其第四纪活动规律。结果表明,该断裂带第四纪以来活动广泛而强烈,基本上继承了新近纪的断裂格局,由东、西两支主干断裂构成,各自呈左阶雁列式展布。其主干断裂在第四系内陡立的断面、常见的第四系背斜构造及区域上NEESWW向挤压应力状态,皆表明该断裂带第四纪以来呈逆右行平移活动。大量的地震剖面揭示,该断裂带渤中地区为全新世活断层,而潍北-莱州湾和辽东湾地区呈现为全新世、晚更新世与第四纪活断层相间出现的现象。地震分布表明,该断裂带近代在中段渤中地区活动性最强,而南、北段活动性较弱。     

河北海兴小山CK3孔磁性地层与第四纪火山活动记录*

基于对渤海湾西岸河北省海兴小山火山丘附近500 25 m 深CK3孔进行的磁性地层学研究,确认该钻孔揭示了吉尔伯特(Gilbert)极性时科奇蒂(Cochiti)亚时以来的地层,底部层位年龄约为4 38 Ma;结合 ¹⁴ C 测年和地层关系,可见本孔中所见4期火山活动分别发生在2.12 Ma、1.34 Ma、35～70 ka 和10～15 ka;与渤海湾滨海平原几个质量较高的钻孔古地磁研究成果对比显示,黄骅坳陷第四纪期间整体向NE方向倾斜,沉积物平均粒径变化与测井曲线有较好的对比关系和同步性。依据沉积物特征、沉积构造以及测井相、粒度分析资料综合分析,确定全孔揭露地层大多发育泛滥平原沉积,即使是分支间湾亚相也少见湖泊-湖沼相沉积,沉积物多呈氧化状态。晚更新世以来3期海侵地层皆为潮坪沉积,其底板埋深与整个渤海湾西岸所见相符,可以按海洋氧同位素分期划分。