云南大平糜棱岩化碱性花岗岩的锆石特征及其地质意义

在哀牢山一金沙江新生代钾质碱性岩浆岩带的南端,云南金平县大平糜棱岩化钠闪石霓石花岗岩中锆石,主要为“变质锆石”和具有老核新壳的“变质复合型锆石”,它们皆具不规则状和圆化的外形,并常高度的富集成堆和显示有一定层位。用ELA-ICP-MS和SHRIMP对锆石定年,结果表明,变质复合型锆石中老核年龄为247．9±6．4Ma,新壳和变质锆石年龄为145．7±3．4Ma。薄片观察发现,在岩体发生糜棱岩化之前还有一次区域变质作用,呈现在糜棱岩化弱的地段岩石发育柱粒变晶结构和花岗变晶结构,而且残留有清楚的层理,由此表明该花岗岩的成因与沉积变质有关。     

江苏东海片麻状碱性花岗岩地质地球化学及其年代学研究—以驼峰、牛山两地为例

本文通过对东海县驼峰和牛山片麻状碱性花岗岩的产状、岩石结构构造、碱性铁镁矿物、元素地球化学和锆石成因及SHRIMP定年等综合研究,得出以下结论:①驼峰和牛山片麻状碱性花岗岩,在造岩矿物和岩石化学成分等方面具有与岩浆成因的钠质碱性花岗岩一致的特点:高硅(SiO2 =74.25％～77.08％)、富碱(Na2O+K2O=7...     

江苏省东海县片麻状碱性花岗岩的成因及年代学研究

江苏省东海地区位于苏鲁造山带的西南缘,区内广泛出露片麻状碱性花岗岩.本文对东海地区磨山、虎山和房山片麻状碱性花岗岩的产状、岩石结构构造、碱性铁镁矿物、元素地球化学和锆石成因及SHRIMP定年等综合研究结果表明：该类岩石具有高硅、富碱、富铁贫镁和含碱性铁镁矿物等特征,说明其为碱性花岗岩;岩体还保留有沉积岩特有的层理（走向北东、倾向南东等一致的产状）,长石等造岩矿物显示在固相条件下结晶的特征,以及继承锫石大部分是不同时代的岩浆或变质锆石碎屑等,均证实其原岩是沉积岩.SHRIMP定年对变质锆石的边部获得两组₂₀₆Pb-₂₃₈U加权平均年龄,分别为224.7±9.4 Ma和209.4±2.5～212±3.5Ma,反映了东海片麻状碱性花岗岩成岩时间属于印支期,相当于晚三叠世,变质锆石的核部₂₀₆Pb-₂₃₈U年龄变化于866～248 Ma,反映原岩时代不会早于晚古生代.     

内蒙古扎兰屯地区印支期二长花岗岩构造演化:来自地球化学特征和桔石U-Pb年龄的制约

扎兰屯地区位于贺根山-黑河构造带中段,区内发育韧性变形叠加的印支期花岗岩.对扎兰屯西北地区印支期糜棱岩化二长花岗岩进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和锆石U-Pb同位素测年,探讨其岩石成因及区域动力学背景.通过LA-ICP-MS锆石测年获得扎兰屯西北地区糜棱岩化二长花岗岩的结晶年龄为242.1±1.8 Ma,形成时代为中...     

广东罗定龙塘碱性花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年及地质意义

龙塘碱性花岗岩位于广东云开大山地区,属罗定泗纶混合岩田区,其中的锆石均为具有老核新壳的变质复合型锆石。SHRIMP定年结果,新壳6个测点加权平均年龄为265±1.8Ma,反映该岩体的成岩年龄,相当于中二叠世,属于海西晚期。老核获得最大的U-Pb年龄为1098Ma,相当于中元古代;457Ma和414Ma可能是新壳和老核的混合年龄。根据锆石的成因类型,结合微观所见的岩石结构(反映沉积变质成因的粒状变晶结构和花岗变晶结构等),表明该碱性花岗岩的成因可能是砂泥质沉积物经变质而成。     

渤中凹陷19--6区太古界潜山变质岩岩石类型及鉴别特征

渤中凹陷19—6区域现有钻井揭示,研究区太古界潜山变质岩岩石类型主要有区域变质岩和动力变质岩2类,常见的7种岩性为变质花岗闪长岩、变质二长花岗岩、花岗闪长质片麻岩、碎裂变质花岗闪长岩、碎裂变质二长花岗岩、长英质碎斑岩和花岗闪长质初糜棱岩。笔者从岩石矿物成分及组合、结构构造等方面详细描述了这7种变质岩及其鉴别特征,在此基础上研究几种变质岩与裂缝之间的关系,结果表明其中的变质二长花岗岩与花岗闪长质片麻岩裂缝密度相差 2倍,研究显示不同岩石矿物成分尤其是暗色矿物的含量与岩石产生裂缝能力有关。     

胶东前垂柳金矿区花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学和地球化学特征及其地质意义

前垂柳金矿为胶东胶莱盆地东北缘地区新发现的金矿床,推断其金资源量为13.5 t,金矿体主要赋存于厚大的构造-蚀变带内。主控矿构造-蚀变带上盘岩石为牧牛山岩体二长花岗岩和荆山群地层,下盘岩石为鹊山岩体糜棱岩化二长花岗岩。构造-蚀变带上下两种花岗岩在变质程度、矿物组合方面存在明显差异,为深入研究两类花岗岩的成因类型及其与金成矿的关系,选取岩心中的两类花岗岩作为研究对象,进行了详细的锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学、锆石Hf同位素研究。牧牛山岩体二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(1 844.1±4.4) Ma,说明其形成于古元古代造山纪;二长花岗岩具有高的SiO₂、Y、Yb含量,较低的MgO、Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,同时具有明显Eu负异常(δEu=0.30~0.48),表现为钙碱性、强过铝质板内花岗岩特征;锆石ε_Hf(t)大部分为负值(变化范围-9.5~3.0),但两颗锆石ε_Hf(t)为正值(0.2和3.0),对应的两阶段Hf模式年龄介于2 492~3 083 Ma之间,指示二长花岗岩是由古老的加厚下地壳熔融形成。鹊山岩体糜棱岩化二长花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为(154.6±1.5) Ma,表明其侵位时代为晚侏罗世,与区域上著名的玲珑岩体、昆嵛山岩体属同期产物。糜棱岩化二长花岗岩全岩地球化学分析显示其具有较高的SiO₂含量,高Sr含量和Sr/Y比值,低MgO、Y和Yb值,以及显著的Eu正异常(δEu=1.61~2.20),属高钾钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩,其地球化学特征与典型的埃达克岩特征类似,具有活动大陆边缘火成岩特点;锆石ε_Hf(t)均为负值(变化范围为-26.6~-14.1),对应的两阶段Hf模式年龄介于2 681~3 860 Ma之间,表明花岗岩可能由古老的多期次加厚下地壳熔融形成,与太平洋板块俯冲导致地壳增厚和地壳重熔有关。上述研究表明两种花岗岩在成岩时代、岩石地球化学特征、构造背景等方面存在显著差异,牧牛山岩体不是鹊山岩体的组成部分。两种花岗岩与主控矿构造空间上关系密切,但时间上与金成矿时间相距较远,因此两种花岗岩与金成矿没有直接成因关系。控矿构造三层结构与鹊山变质核杂岩地质特征一致;前垂柳金矿的发现表明鹊山变质核杂岩周边广泛分布的韧性剪切带和低角度主拆离断层是该区金矿勘查的理想部位,该区找矿潜力十分巨大。     

大别山东段超高压变质带中变质花岗岩的矿物化学和地球化学特征

大别山东段超高压变质带中变质花岗岩富硅、贫钙、贫铝，属偏碱性花岗岩，围岩为含榴辉岩包体的超高压副片麻岩。变质花岗岩稀土元素总量多在（100－200）×10^-6，具有较大的负铕异常，其原岩应为壳源型花岗岩。元素地球化学特征表明变质花岗岩原岩与古造山作用有关。变质花岗岩中存在大量由岩浆型内核和变生型边缘构成的变质增生锆石。结合锆石U－Pb年龄资料认为，变质花岗岩应由古老花岗岩变质形成，而不是超高压变质作用之后部分地壳岩石重熔的产物。岩石中有富锰和贫锰两种石榴子石，通过富锰石榴子石－黑云母、贫锰石榴子石－多硅白云母等矿物对的温压计算可知变质花岗岩在400－500℃、0.6-0.8GPa条件下经历过变质作用。但几种间接证据反映出变质花岗岩可能经历过超高压变质作用。     

阿尔金断裂剪切过程中定向生长锆石的发现及其意义—来自于显微构造和锆石内部矿物包裹体的证据

阿尔金断裂带中段出露一套走滑过程中形成的花岗质和角闪质糜棱岩。从糜棱岩中分选出3种类型的锆石:岩浆成因的长柱状锆石、柱状锆石和变质成因的次浑圆状锆石。这3种锆石的显微结构和构造特征以及它们内部的矿物包裹体均有所区别。其中长柱状锆石在岩石中定向排列,晶体长轴方向与拉伸线理方向一致,并且内部的所有矿物包裹体的长轴方向均与锆石的长轴方向平行,即与拉伸线理方向平行;拉曼研究表明包裹体矿物具熔融相特征;阴极发光图像中反映出这种锆石具有相对均一的内部结构。因此,该长柱状锆石是在韧性剪切过程中部分熔融环境下快速定向生长的,不仅代表了走滑剪切过程中的剪切应变方向,而且其生长年龄代表了走滑剪切的时代。     

新疆天格尔糜棱岩化花岗岩的岩石学及其SHRIMP年代学研究：兼论花岗岩中热液锆石边的定年

出露在新疆中天山天格尔山脉一带的片麻状花岗岩是早志留世花岗岩体被糜棱岩化的结果。呈NWW向展布的天格尔韧性剪切带切割天格尔花岗岩体。本文沿乌库公路完成的实测地质剖面、糜棱岩化花岗岩岩石学以及锆石SHRIMP年代学研究结果表明,糜棱岩化花岗岩中的锆石具有复杂的核-幔-边结构,锆石核形成于470～1788 Ma年前,岩浆锆石幔的SHRIMP表观年龄主要集中在432～453 Ma。糜棱岩化过程中流体交代花岗岩中的岩浆锆石,形成了热液锆石边,这种热液锆石在CL图像中呈暗一深灰色。花岗岩岩体侵位时代依据岩浆锆石幔的SHRIMP测定为441．6±3．8 Ma(MSWD=1．06)。热液锆石边的SHRIMP年龄相对年轻,6个分析结果得到一个加权平均年龄为408．6±1．7 Ma(有可能代表热液锆石边与岩浆锆石幔的混合年龄)。因此,天格尔一带出露的糜棱岩化花岗岩是早志留世早期岩浆侵位的产物,并不是中天山基底的组成部分。本文报道的锆石数据还表明,花岗质岩石在韧性剪切变形过程中能够结晶出热液锆石。对这种热液锆石的深入研究为限定韧性剪切变形的时间提供了一种新的手段。     

中-浅正变质岩锆石SHRIMP法与TIMS法测年结果不一致处理——以滇东南南温河花岗岩为例

变质岩中的锆石大多遭受变质热事件的改造,但中-浅变质岩一般不甚发育新生锆石或变质增生边,不易通过现有的锆石测年技术获得该岩石的变质年龄。中-浅正变质岩的锆石为岩浆锆石与变质增生锆石的混合物,其U-Pb同位素组成可以采用二端元混合模式来表达。利用同位素稀释法(TIMS)可以获得混合锆石U-Pb年龄及对应的同位素组成;结合CL等内部结构分析,利用离子探针法(SHRIMP)可以获得岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄及对应的同位素组成,进而推算出变质增生锆石U-Pb年龄对应的同位素组成。在对滇东南南温河花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学的研究中,我们发现同一样品的SHRIMP与TIMS U-Pb法测年结果不一致,根据上式推算出后期主变质年龄约为230 Ma,与前人利用其它测年方法获得的结果基本一致,符合研究区主变质期为印支期的区域地质背景。该方法为中-浅正变质岩年代学研究提供了一种新思路。     

合肥盆地早侏罗世防虎山组沉积岩碎屑锆石的矿物包裹体及内部结构

防虎山组的下部砂岩地层是合肥盆地最古老的中生代沉积地层,在样品FH4中选出了碎屑锆石,通过显微激光拉曼光谱、电子探针的研究发现,锆石中含有柯石英、绿辉石、多硅白云母等典型的高压-超高压(HP-UHP)矿物包裹体、熔体玻璃包裹体以及磷灰石、石英、斜长石、白云母等矿物包裹体。结合阴极发光图像所揭示的锆石内部结构的分析以及锆石的微区测年数据,对碎屑锆石的物源进行了讨论。HP-UHP矿物包裹体在具有三叠纪年龄的变质碎屑锆石中的发现,进一步证明大别造山带高压-超高压岩石在早侏罗世时期已经出露地表并为合肥盆地提供了重要物源;碎屑锆石内部结构及成因的多样性表明当时作为源区的大别造山带岩石的复杂性。     

Ion-microprobe zircon geochemistry as an indicator of mineral genesis during geochronological studies

This paper considers the distribution of trace elements (including rare earth elements) in zircons dated by the ion-microprobe U-Th-Pb isotope method and its genetic implications. Two problems were addressed on the basis of the investigation of trace element compositions of zircons: (1) genesis of zircons from subalkaline magmatic rocks, sysenites, and sanukitoids and their comparison with tonalites as exemplified by the rocks of the Karelian region, and (2) determination of trace element signatures of zircons from the oldest granulite-facies rocks of the Ukrainian shield. It was shown that the REE distribution patterns of the tonalites, which crystallized in equilibrium with melt, are strictly governed by crystal-chemical laws. The REE distribution patterns show a positive slope with an increase from La to Lu, a positive Ce anomaly, and a negative Eu anomaly. Similar patterns were observed in zircons from the syenites. The trace element contents of zircons are related to those of melts through partition coefficients. Zircons from the sanukitoids show a considerable LREE enrichment, which is inconsistent with the calculated zircon/melt partition coefficients and presumably related to the inherently imperfect zircon structure. Such a structure was formed during zircon crystallization from melt at high temperatures and the anomalous fluid regime that is characteristic, in particular, of sanukitoid melts. The REE distribution patterns of zircons that crystallized under granulite-facies conditions are sharply different from typical distributions in HREE depletion, which was caused by the competitive growth of garnet during zircon crystallization.     

Zircon in gabbroids from the axial zone of the Mid-Atlantic ridge, Markov Deep, 6° N: Correlation of geochemical features with petrogenetic processes

This paper reports the results of detailed petrological-geochemical study of zircons and host rocks that were dredged from the Markov Deep area in the slow-spreading Mid-Atlantic ridge. The rocks are represented by variably cataclased gabbronorite with veinlets of oceanic plagiogranite (OPG) as well as leucocratic gabbro (primitive gabbro) and hornblende Fe-Ti oxide gabbronorite (ferrogabbro) without OPG. The studied zircons differ in morphology, inner structure, set of mineral inclusions (ingrowths), and content of trace elements. Compositional heterogeneity is also observed within individual grains. The REE distribution patterns in zircons are characterized by gentle growth from LREE to HREE, with prominent positive Ce anomaly and negative Eu anomaly, and in general fall in the range of zircons from magmatic rocks. Oceanic zircons clearly differ from continental populations in the U/Yb-Y and U/Yb-Hf discrimination diagrams, primarily, due to their lower U/Yb ratio at wide variations of Y and Hf contents. Zircons that contain inclusions of acid glass and hence, crystallized from OPG melt are relatively depleted in REE, especially HREE. This indicates that OPG was formed by partial melting of gabbro in the presence of concentrated water-salt fluid, which extracted REE from the plagiogranite melt. Zircons from gabbroids devoid of OPG inclusions have higher total REE contents than zircons from OPG. Late hydrothermal alterations of zircon are distinctly established by the formation of neogenic collomorphic (porous) texture and/or by composition of mineral inclusions and accompanied by significant enrichment in La. Heterogeneous distribution of Ti in zircon may be caused not only by a change in its crystallization temperature, but also variations in silica to titanium oxide activity ratios in the rocks during interaction with hydrothermal solution of variable acidity. A complex study of structural-morphological and geochemical features of oceanic zircons and phase composition of host rocks and inclusions provides insight into processes leading to the crystallization and subsequent evolution of this mineral in the rocks of oceanic lithosphere.     

Contrasting geochemistry of magmatic and secondary zircons

The intensity of the redistribution of trace elements in zircons significantly varies depending on the types of secondary processes affecting the magmatic rocks. The Neoarchean alkaline granites of the Keivy structure in the Kola Peninsula are employed as an illustrative example of differences in the variation dynamics of the proportions of certain elements (REE, Th, U, Hf, and others) with the transition from the magmatic to metamorphic crystallization of zircons during Proterozoic amphibolite-facies metamorphism over-printed onto the rocks. Changes are detected in the proportions of LREE and HREE, in the Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ and Th/U ratios, and in other incompatible elements. The data obtained by geochemically comparing the redistribution of certain elements and their pairs in zircons during amphibolite-facies metamorphism and Phanerozoic hydrothermal alteration (literature data) are used to gain insight into the genesis of detrital Hadean zircons. Certain similarities and remarkable differences are detected in the effects of Hadean processes and Phanerozoic-Precambrian magmatism and secondary recrystallization on the behavior of chemical elements.     

变质岩中锆石U—Pb计时问题评述——兼论大别造山带锆石定年

锆石是U－Pb计时的首选对象，对于地质历史复杂的变质岩地区，如大别碰撞造山带的年代学研究，具有不可替代的重要性。变质岩中锆石经历了Pb的扩散丢失作用；晶格损伤导致的蜕晶化作用；增生－混合作用和重结晶作用。这些过程对锆石计时的准确性和有效性带来不同程度的影响。为了使测定的年龄有确定的地质意义，在进行锆石U－Pb定年前，必需对锆石进行成因矿物学和矿物内部结构研究，特别是阴极荧光和背散射电子成像研究，通过内部结构特征确定锆石成因过程。在化学U－Pb法定年时注意普通铅校正和^204Pb测定值对年龄的影响，尽量选择单一成因锆石。特别强调在大别造山带年代学中引入锆石微区离子探针定年技术。     

蒙古戈壁阿尔泰巴音陶勒盖地区二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

蒙古戈壁阿尔泰省巴音陶勒盖地区地处南戈壁-阿尔泰构造带南缘,区内构造活动活跃,中酸性侵入岩比较发育。采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年技术,对区内二长花岗岩中的锆石进行同位素年龄研究。阴极发光图像显示,锆石颗粒多为自形-半自形,且有明显的初始岩浆振荡环带,少见蚀变微区,结合较高的Th/U值(0.65~1.79),断定其为典型的岩浆成因锆石;30颗锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为300.2±0.9Ma,显示二长花岗岩成岩时代为晚石炭世,代表了华力西中期的一次构造-岩浆事件,为约束南戈壁-阿尔泰构造带晚石炭世深成岩浆活动时限提供了新证据。     

Metasomatic replacements and isotope relationships in zircon crystals and crystallogenetic models

Secondary textures formed in natural zircon crystals under the influence of hydrothermal solutions are interpreted as products of metasomatic substitution. Such textures are clearly seen in metamict zircons and zircons enriched in radioactive elements, which are often found in potassic granites, pegmatites, and other rocks with high U and Th contents. Specific secondary textures in zircons contained in microcline granites, metasedimentary and eclogite-like rocks of the Kola Peninsula are reviewed. Detailed mineralogical and geochemical studies of zircons (CL, BSE, microprobe analysis of incompatible elements) have been carried out with the subsequent U-Pb dating of different zircon zones. The mechanism of secondary texture formation is considered in terms of metasomatic isomorphic substitution. Analogy between natural structure of zircon and products of experimental isomorphic substitution makes it possible to obtain additional information on conditions of the natural zircon growth important for interpreting geochronological data. When metamict zircons are substituted without gaining new material and with a decrease in volume, the U-Pb age of initial zircon remains unchanged and the lower intercept of discordia and concordia corresponds to the time of fluid impact. Substitution with a gain in matter is accompanied by excess volume. In this case, the timing of zones of transitional composition is devoid of geological sense.     

火山岩锆石产状及痕量元素对成因的约束

为了探索火山岩产出锆石的成因属性,用CL图像及LA-ICP-MS原位分析痕量元素数据对山西临县紫金山碱性杂岩体内火山喷出相岩石是否产出锆石进行了研究.结果显示：响岩质、粗面质火山角砾岩（爆发相）均没有结晶出锆石,紫红色与灰白色响岩（溢流相）、粗面斑岩（火山颈侵出相）产出少量结构复杂的捕获锆石.对这些锆石进行LA-ICP-MS原位分析,表面年龄呈5段分布,分别为太古宙、古元古代、晚古生代、印支期与燕山期.年龄数据大多数与燕山期岩浆活动年代不符,呈现出大多数为捕获锆石的数据结构特征.CL图像显示大多数具有捕获锆石的岩浆熔蚀及后期改造迹象.痕量元素显示非碱性岩浆结晶的复杂成因特征,稀土元素显示多期次岩浆结晶、改造特征.结果表明：山西临县紫金山杂岩体内爆发相岩浆温度高,Zr元素含量不饱和,不结晶锆石同时将捕获锆石熔化;溢流相与火山颈相岩浆温度稍低,Zr元素含量仅达到饱和临界点,捕获锆石仅发生轻度熔蚀,而没有结晶自生锆石.