基于温度植被干旱指数（TVDI）的甘肃省农业干旱监测方法研究

改进温度植被干旱指数（Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index,TVDI）并明确TVDI的农业干旱等级阈值,对提高TVDI指数监测农业干旱能力有重要意义。利用近19 a的MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer,MODIS)遥感数据,基于单时次和多时次方法构建NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)-LST(Land Surface Temperature,LST)、EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI)-LST、RVI(Ratio Vegetation Index,RVI)-LST、SAVI(Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index,SAVI)-LST等几种特征空间,讨论TVDI计算方法,分析TVDI在甘肃省农业干旱监测中的适用性,并明确甘肃省夏季TVDI农业干旱分级标准。结果表明：（1）基于多时次方法构建的SAVI-LST特征空间TVDI更适合甘肃省农业干旱监测,其对土壤相对湿度（...     

标准化降水指数与广义极值分布干旱指数在西北地区应用的对比分析

从气象干旱的角度出发,对比分析了基于广义极值分布理论构建的新干旱指数GEVI(Generalized Extreme Value Index)和我国广泛应用的SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)指数,详细讨论了SPI和GEVI指数在西北地区干旱监测中的适用性.结果表明,SPI和GEVI指数在计算原理上具有相似性,在一定程度上衡量某一地区干旱程度和反映干旱范围方面具有一致性和可替代性.但因两者采取不同的分布形态,对干旱等级的衡量效果不尽相同.GEVI指数在拟合降水量分布函数时更为详尽、客观.在西北5省(区)的干旱监测中,对地处干旱半干旱区的甘肃来说,GEVI指数在于旱强度判定方面优于SPI指数;对年降水量最少的新疆地区来说,GEVI指数比SPI指数在干旱监测方面更为适用.     

基于SPI指数的当前及未来中国东北地区干旱时空演变特征分析

基于降水量历史观测数据和气候模式预估数据,采用标准化降水量指数(Standandized Precipitation Index,SPI)识别干旱事件,从干旱发生的频率和强度特征分析其危险性,研究东北地区当前及未来不同气候变化情景下干旱时空变化特征.结果显示:(1)bcc-csm1-1 对东北地区降水的模拟效果较好;(...     

准全球陆表干旱严重程度的多传感器遥感监测方法研究

在全球气候变暖的背景下,持续的干旱事件将对生态系统和人类社会产生不利影响。尽管存在多源卫星遥感资料及多种干旱指数,然而区域和全球尺度干旱事件的监测仍具有挑战。采用TRMM（Tropical RainfallMeasuring Mission）数据量化降水异常、MODIS（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer）归一化植被指数（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI）和陆表温度（Land Surface Temperature,LST）数据表征植被生长异常,构建了一种兼顾降水异常和植被生长状况异常的多传感器陆表干旱严重程度指数（Multi-sensorsDrought Severity Index,MDSI）。结果表明:MDSI 能够准确检测准全球范围（50°S～50°N,0°～180°～0°）的气象干旱事件,如亚马逊流域2005 和2010 年干旱、中国川渝地区2006 年干旱、中国云南2010 年干旱、非洲东部2011 年干旱、2012 年美国中部干旱等;MDSI 与PDSI（Palmer Drought Severity Index）呈现出大致相同的干湿空间格局,并且MDSI 有助于湿润地区干旱程度的检测。     

区域干旱预警标准研究Ⅱ:区域旱涝强度等级划分及其在干旱预警中的应用研究

基于区域气象干旱指数的基本概念和构建方法,计算了中国11个一级气象地理区划的逐日标准化区域气象旱涝强度指数(Regional meteorological Drought Intensity Index,RDI)及标准化区域气象旱涝空间分布差异指数(Regional meteorological Drought variance Index,RDVI),并给出各区域的逐日标准化RDI的旱涝等级划分规则,进一步将区域逐日的RDI和RDVI指数综合使用,对区域气象干旱过程进行较好的分析和判断。通过分析区域RDI和RDVI指数逐日演变,将干旱预警分为三个等级,即红色预警(一级)、黄色预警(二级)和橙色预警(三级),对应于当前时刻的区域RDI指数达到"特别干"、"严重干"和"中等干"等级且未来一周气象干旱等级不会下降,给出了相应的RDVI指数的识别依据,研究了各级区域干旱预警标准,从气象干旱角度进行研究得到的气象干旱预警标准可以为干旱的监测、预警提供科学依据。     

近60年华北春季干旱特征及其与北大西洋海表温度的关系

利用观测资料统计分析和CAM5.3数值模拟相结合的方法,基于标准化降水蒸散指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI),分析了1955-2018年华北地区春季干旱特征,并重点探讨了对北大西洋产生的影响.华北春季干旱的主要空间分布型为全区一致型,...     

基于标准降水指标的新疆干旱特征演变

运用标准降水指标 (Standardized Precipitation Index, SPI) 对新疆地区53个雨量站1957—2009年日降水量资料进行全面分析,研究了不同干旱等级发生概率的空间分布变化规律。同时,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析了各月份标准降水指标值、干旱强度和干旱历时的变化趋势,探讨了新疆地区干旱时空演变特征。结果表明:北疆易发生中等及以上干旱,而南疆易发生轻度干旱。总的来说,北疆干旱强度有下降的趋势,干旱历时趋于缩短,南疆南部干旱强度和干旱历时有轻微上升,东疆中部干旱情况显著恶化。具体来说,北疆冬季干旱程度有减弱趋势,而对于农业生产较重要的春、夏、秋季,西部干旱加剧;南疆夏季干旱有减弱趋势;东疆中部四季干旱程度有轻微加剧趋势。     

基于SPEI的陕西近40年干旱时空特性分析

根据1971—2012年陕西省96个气象观测站月降水、气温数据计算出标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index),运用经验正交函数分解EOF(empirical orthogonal function)、线性趋势分析及Morlet小波分析等方法,分析了近40a来陕西省干旱时空演变特征、干旱化趋势、变率及周期性特征,结果表明:(1)陕西地区具有整体干旱变化特征一致的特点,总体呈现出干旱化趋势增强的特征,其中西安地区增强最明显,关中及陕北干旱变率最大;(2)干旱呈现明显的区域分布特征,以秦岭为界将陕西省分为秦岭以南和秦岭以北两大区域,两区域干旱呈现南北相反的分布特征,突变分析表明这种相反分布特征在1994年之后加剧;(3)从周期上看,整个陕西地区干旱呈准10a震荡,且关中与陕北地区呈现干旱特征相反的震荡步调。     

基于SPEI的陕西近40年干旱时空特性分析基于SPEI的陕西近40年干旱时空特性分析

根据1971—2012年陕西省96个气象观测站月降水、气温数据计算出标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index),运用经验正交函数分解EOF(empirical orthogonal function)、线性趋势分析及Morlet小波分析等方法,分析了近40 a来陕西省干旱时空演变特征、干旱化趋势、变率及周期性特征,结果表明：（1） 陕西地区具有整体干旱变化特征一致的特点,总体呈现出干旱化趋势增强的特征,其中西安地区增强最明显,关中及陕北干旱变率最大;（2）干旱呈现明显的区域分布特征,以秦岭为界将陕西省分为秦岭以南和秦岭以北两大区域,两区域干旱呈现南北相反的分布特征,突变分析表明这种相反分布特征在1994年之后加剧;（3） 从周期上看,整个陕西地区干旱呈准10 a震荡,且关中与陕北地区呈现干旱特征相反的震荡步调。

     

基于SPEI和SPI指数的西江流域干旱多时间尺度变化特征

利用1959 2016年西江流域34个国家气象站的月降水和月平均气温资料,计算了西江流域近57年来不同时间尺度(1个月、3个月、6个月和12个月)的标准降水指数(Standardized Precipitation Index,SPI)和标准降水蒸发指数(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index,SPEI)。在此基础上,对比分析了干旱的时空演变特征及干旱指数的表征差异。结果表明:(1)在12个月尺度上,近57年来西江流域大部分地区干旱强度呈现极显著的加重趋势,干旱频率也呈现极显著的上升趋势。(2)在3个月尺度上,西江流域春旱和秋旱较为频繁,影响范围广,而夏旱和冬旱频率低,影响范围小。在12个月尺度上,2000年以后,干旱频率最高,影响范围也更广。(3)干旱频率高、易旱区范围最广的时期为20世纪80年代,其次分别为2010 2016年、20世纪60年代和21世纪00年代,在20世纪70年代和90年代易旱区影响范围较小,干旱频率较低。在12个月的尺度上,SPEI和SPI指数旱涝评价结果整体比较接近。(4)在1个月、3个月和6个月的尺度上,SPEI指数整体上低于SPI指数。尤其在冬季和春季各月SPEI指数远远低于SPI指数。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.