Nature and origin of Mesozoic granitoids and associated mineralization in the Sanjiang Tethys Orogeny,SW China: the Xiuwacu complex example

ABSTRACT

The magmatic generation for the Late Triassic–Early Jurassic (~215–200 Ma) and Early Cretaceous–Late Cretaceous (~108–79 Ma) post-collisional granites in the Sanjiang Tethys orogeny remain enigmatic. The Xiuwacu complex, located in the southern Yidun Terrane, consists of biotite granite with a weight mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 199.8 ± 2.5 Ma, aplite granite of 108.2 ± 2.3 Ma, monzogranite porphyry of 80.8 ± 1.0 Ma, and diorite enclaves of 79.2 ± 0.9 Ma and 77.9 ± 0.8 Ma. The Late Triassic biotite granites show I-type granite affinities, with high SiO₂ contents, high Mg^# values, high zircon δ¹⁸O values, and negative whole-rock ?Nd(t) values, indicating a predominant ancient crustal source with the input of juvenile materials. Their fractionated REE patterns and concave-upward middle-to-heavy REE patterns require garnet-bearing amphibolite as the melt source. The Cretaceous highly fractionated aplite granites and monzogranite porphyries have relatively high SiO₂ contents, high (Na₂O + K₂O)/CaO ratios, high zircon δ¹⁸O values, and enriched whole-rock Sr–Nd isotopic signatures, suggesting that their parent magmas were likely originated from the ancient middle- to lower crust. Their significant negative Eu anomalies and obvious depletions in Nb, Sr, and Ti demonstrate that the Cretaceous granitic magmas had experienced more fractionation than the Late Triassic felsic magmas. The Late Cretaceous diorite enclaves show low SiO₂ contents, high Mg^# values, and high zircon δ¹⁸O values, suggesting that they were probably derived from the partial melting of subcontinental lithospheric mantle enriched by the Late Triassic subduction. The Late Triassic–Early Jurassic and Early Cretaceous–Late Cretaceous magmatism witnessed the post-collisional setting and intraplate extensional setting in response to the slab break-off and lithospheric-scale transtensional faulting, respectively. The partial melting of subduction-modified lithospheric mantle or/and residual sulphide cumulates within the lower crust during the origination of Late Cretaceous magmas could have provided metals for the formation of Xiuwacu deposit.     

The Relationship between Jurassic Coal Measures and Sandstone-type Uranium Deposits in the Northeastern Ordos Basin, China

Outcrop and drill hole data show that the Jurassic coal measures in the northeastern Ordos Basin are composed mainly of the Yan'an Formation and the lowstand system tract of the Zhiluo Formation,and there is a regional unconformity between them. The Dongsheng uranium deposit is associated with the Jurassic coal measures. Research data indicate that the Jurassic coal measures in the study area have a certain hydrocarbon-generating capacity,although the metamorphic grade is low(Ro=0.40%–0.58%). In the Dongsheng region alone,the accumulative amount of generated coalbed methane(CBM) is about 2028.29 × 108 –2218.72 × 108 m~3; the residual amount is about 50.92 × 108 m~3,and the lost amount is about 1977 × 108 m~3. Analysis of the burial history of the host rocks and the evolutionary history of the Dongsheng uranium deposit suggests that the Jurassic coal measures generated hydrocarbon mainly from Middle Jurassic to Early Crataceous,which is the main mineralization phase of the Dongsheng uranium deposit. By the Late Cretaceous,a mass of CBM dissipated due to the strong tectonic uplift,and the Dongsheng uranium deposit stepped into the preservation phase. Therefore,the low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid in the Jurassic coal measures not only served as a reducing agent for the formation of sandstone-type uranium deposits,but also rendered the second reduction of paleo-interlayer oxidation zone and become the primary reducing agent for ore conservation. Regional strata correlation reveals that the sandstone-type uranium reservoir at the bottom of the Zhiluo Formation is in contact with the underlying industrial coal seams in the Yan'an Formation through incision or in the form of an unconformity surface. In the Dongsheng region with poorly developed fault systems,the unconformity surface and scour surface served as the main migration pathways for low-mature hydrocarbon-containing fluid migrating to the uranium reservoir.     

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic Coals in North China

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was done to determine the abundances of rare earth elements (REE) of 58 samples of Late Palaeozoic Carboniferous-Permian coals and related rocks in North China. Detailed study of REE geochemistry shows that the ∑REE of most coals studied in this paper is in a normal range between 30×10-6 and 80×10-6 with a mean of 56×10-6. The REE in the Taiyuan Formation in the northern part of North China are much richer than those in the southern part. This is due to the shorter distance to the source area in the north. Moreover, the IREE is in positive correlation to coal ash, especially closely related to the content of clay minerals <2μm in size. This reveals that most REE were carried by terrigenous clastic materials, especially fine clay minerals. In the coals the light REE (LREE) are much richer than the heavy REE (HREE), and the LREE/HREE ratio in coals generally varies from 2 to 8. The LREE/HREE ratio of high-ash, low-sulphur coals is higher than that of lo     

安徽铜陵铜官山矿区中生代侵入岩的形成过程——岩浆底侵、同化混染和分离结晶

对安徽铜陵铜官山矿区的小铜官山岩体进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年,并对天鹅抱蛋山岩体及其辉长岩和闪长岩包体进行了全岩主量元素和稀土元素以及锶 钕同位素分析,结合对区内老庙基山和小铜官山岩体及其辉长岩和闪长岩包体的岩石学和地球化学资料的综合整理,讨论了这些岩体及其包体的成因。小铜官山岩体的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(139.5±2.9 ）Ma,表明它属于长江中下游晚侏罗世-早白垩世岩浆作用的产物。辉长岩和闪长岩包体具有低w(SiO₂)(52.03%~54.61 %）、w(Al₂O₃)(12.87%~14.43 %)和全碱含量w(Na₂O+K2O)(5.26%~6.30 %）, 但高w(MgO)(5.41%~11.66 %）的特征;寄主岩与此相反,具有高w(SiO2)(59.97%~64.44 %）、w(Al₂O₃)(16.43%~17.59 %）和全碱含量(6.67%~8.25 %）,但低w(MgO)(1.52%~2.50 %）的特征。辉长岩和闪长岩包体的稀土元素总量为165.70×10^-6~190.40×10^-6,寄主岩的稀土元素总量为166.12×10^-6~185.95×10^-6,二者十分相近,它们的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式也十分相似。但辉长岩和闪长岩包体的轻、重稀土比值为3.39~4.27,明显小于寄主岩的轻、重稀土比值(4.86~5.94）。辉长岩和闪长岩包体具明显的正铕异常,而寄主岩具有弱负铕异常。从辉长岩到寄主岩,ε Nd (t) 从-4.9~-9.9减小到-11.4~-11.9,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_o 从0.706 4~0.707 3增加到0.707 2~0.708 4。上述资料表明,铜陵铜官山矿区晚侏罗世-早白垩世侵入岩及其辉长岩和闪长岩包体可能是由基性到中酸性岩浆通过幔源岩浆底侵、同化混染和分离结晶过程形成的,而基性到中酸性岩浆则是由底侵的玄武岩浆与不同量的中下地壳物质发生一系列复杂的相互作用形成的。     

中国东部大规模成矿时限及其动力学背景的初步探讨

通过对以往金属矿床同位素年龄数据的收集、整理和分析 ,初步厘定中国东部大规模成矿作用发生的时限为 1 60× 1 0 6～ 1 1 0× 1 0 6 a。提出西秦岭地区金矿床出现于中国两大古陆后碰撞的伸展环境 ;与花岗岩有关的铜钼矿床发育于早中侏罗世由挤压向伸展环境过渡时期 ,钨锡铅锌银锑汞金铀出现于晚侏罗世—早中白垩世岩石圈大规模拆沉或减薄期间。尽管不同类型矿床形成过程有所不同 ,都与大规模构造圈热侵蚀密切相关。     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the Zhongcang ophiolite,northern Tibet: implications for the evolution of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean

Ophiolites are widespread along the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone, northern Tibet. However, it is still debated on the formation ages and tectonic evolution process of these ophiolites. The Zhongcang ophiolite is a typical ophiolite in the western part of the Bangong-Nujiang suture zone. It is composed of serpentinized peridotite, cumulate and isotropic gabbros, massive and pillow basalts, basaltic volcanic breccia, and minor red chert. Zircon SHRIMP Ue Pb dating for the isotropic gabbro yielded weighted mean age of 163.4 ± 1.8 Ma. Positive zircon ε Hf(t) values(+15.0 to +20.2) and mantle-like σ~(18)O values(5.29 ±0.21)% indicate that the isotropic gabbros were derived from a long-term depleted mantle source. The isotropic gabbros have normal mid-ocean ridge basalt(N-MORB) like immobile element patterns with high Mg O, low TiO_2 and moderate rare earth element(REE) abundances, and negative Nb,Ti, Zr and Hf anomalies. Basalts show typical oceanic island basalt(OIB) geochemical features, and they are similar to those of OIB-type rocks of the Early Cretaceous Zhongcang oceanic plateau within the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean. Together with these data, we suggest that the Zhongcang ophiolite was probably formed by the subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Ocean during the Middle Jurassic. The subduction of the Bangong-Nujiang Tethyan Ocean could begin in the Earlye Middle Jurassic and continue to the Early Cretaceous, and finally continental collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes at the west Bangong-Nujiang suture zone probably has taken place later than the Early Cretaceous(ca. 110 Ma).     

滇西勐满金矿床成矿物质来源分析及矿床成因探讨——来自年代学、矿物学及地球化学的证据

勐满金矿床位于云南省勐海县境内,地处临沧-景洪褶皱束之临沧-澜沧复背斜南部,截至2005年探明金矿资源量17t,主矿体属于地表红土型氧化矿,平均品位为0.60×10-6。文章基于对勐满金矿床矿区内新元古界曼来组片岩和中侏罗统花开左组碎屑岩及矿区外围东部的临沧花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测定,探讨了曼来组片岩和花开左组碎屑岩地层的物质来源,追溯母岩的物质源区,并结合矿区普遍发育的硅化岩和硅质脉体的地球化学特征,分析了金成矿的物质来源。勐满金矿床曼来组中主要碎屑锆石年龄为(957.0±9.8)Ma,属新元古代早青白口纪;中侏罗系花开左组主要碎屑锆石年龄为(224.2±2.8)Ma,与临沧花岗岩基中2件黑云母二长花岗岩的年龄(分别为(228.7±2.8)Ma和(229.4±2.0)Ma)一致,表明花开左组地层的物质来源可能与临沧花岗岩有关。微量元素测试结果显示,矿区硅化岩与硅质脉体具有相似的稀土元素配分模式与微量元素组成,均表现为富集U、Th、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta等高场强元素,轻稀土元素明显富集,重稀土元素亏损,中-弱的Eu负异常,Ce异常不明显,与矿区围岩及临沧花岗岩体南部的黑云母花岗岩具有相似的变化趋势。硅化岩稀土元素总量为42.3×10-6~311.0×10-6,平均为131.8×10-6;硅质脉体稀土元素总量为5.0×10-6~280×10-6,平均为56.8×10-6,显示硅化岩相对于硅质脉体具有更高的稀土元素总量。硅质脉体((La/Yb)N为4.3~133.4,平均36.7)相对于硅化岩((La/Yb)N为2.1~26,平均为8.5)具有更高的轻、重稀土元素分馏特征。硅化岩的地球化学特征变化介于围岩与硅质脉之间,表明硅化岩既继承了围岩特征,又有经热泉活动改造的痕迹。综合锆石年代学结果与沉积物源分析,认为矿区花开左组砂岩主要为临沧岩体经受风化搬运沉积的产物,曼来组向花开左组提供金的量不足以形成花开左组中的碎屑岩型矿体,热泉活动产生的流体是金成矿的另一重要物质来源,同时是导致金后期富集的重要因素。据此推断,花开左组是赋矿层位,而并非矿源层。结合低硫型矿床标志性矿物冰长石的出现,提出勐满金矿属于典型的与热泉活动有关的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿。     

藏南定日白垩纪火山岩岩石学与地球化学初步研究

本文描述了西藏定日白垩纪火山岩的地质、岩石学、岩石地球化学特征和构造造背景。该火山岩岩石类型有蚀变英安岩和蚀变安山岩,其岩石化学成分特征表明岩石为二氧化硅过饱、铝过饱和类型,属亚碱性拉斑玄武岩系列。岩石稀土元素配分曲线呈强烈右倾的轻稀土富集型;微量元素配分模式图呈锯齿状“多隆起”型,类似于岛弧火山岩的微量元素配分模式。综合判定该期火山岩形成于大陆边缘造山带岛弧构造环境。     

Petrochemistry of Granitoids Along the Loei Fold Belt,Northeastern Thailand

Petrochemical characteristics of Permo‐Triassic granitoids from five regions (i) Mung Loei, (ii) Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep, (iii) Phetchabun, (iv) Nakon Sawan – Lobburi, and (v) Rayong – Chantaburi along the Loei Fold Belt (LFB), northeastern Thailand were studied. The LFB is a north–south trending 800 km fold belt that hosts several gold and base‐metal deposits. The granitoids consist of monzogranite, granodiorite, monzodiorite, tonalite, quartz‐syenite, and quartz‐rich granitoids. These are composed of quartz, plagioclase, and K‐feldspar with mafic minerals such as hornblende and biotite. Accessory minerals, such as titanite, zircon, magnetite, ilmenite, apatite, garnet, rutile, and allanite are also present. Magnetic susceptibilities in the SI unit of granitoids vary from 6.5 × 10⁻³ to 15.2 × 10⁻³ in Muang Loei, from 0.1 × 10⁻³ to 29.4 × 10⁻³ in Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep, from 2.7 × 10⁻³ to 34.6 × 10⁻³ in Petchabun, from 2.4 × 10⁻³ to 14.1 × 10⁻³ in Nakon Sawan – Lobburi, and from 0.03 × 10⁻³ to 2.8 × 10⁻³ in Rayong – Chantaburi. Concentration of major elements suggests that these intermediate to felsic plutonic rocks have calc‐alkaline affinities. Concentration of REE of the granitoids normalized to chondrite displays moderately elevated light REE (LREE) and relatively flat heavy (HREE) patterns, with distinct depletion of Eu. Rb versus Y/Nb and Nb/Y tectonic discrimination diagrams illustrate that the granitoids from Muang Loei, Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep, Phetchabun, Nakon Sawan – Lobburi, and Rayong – Chantaburi formed in continental volcanic‐arc setting. New age data from radiometric K‐Ar dating on K‐feldspar from granodiorite in Loei and Nakhon Sawan areas yielded 171 ± 3 and 221 ± 5 Ma, respectively. K‐Ar dating on hornblende separated from diorite in Lobburi yielded 219 ± 8 Ma. These ages suggest that magmatism of Muang Loei occurred in the Middle Jurassic, and Nakon Sawan – Lobburi occurred in Late Triassic. Both Nb versus Y and Rb versus (Y + Nb) diagrams and age data indicate that Nakon Sawan – Lobburi granitoids intruded in Late Triassic at Nong Bua, Nakon Sawan province and Khao Wong Phra Jun, Lobburi province in volcanic arc setting. Muang Loei granitoids at the Loei province formed later in Middle Jurassic also in volcanic arc setting. The negative δ³⁴S_CDT values of ore minerals from the skarn deposit suggest that the I‐type magma has been influenced by light biogenic sulfur from local country rocks. The Au‐Cu‐Fe‐Sb deposits correlate with the magnetite‐series granitoids in Phetchabun, Nakon Sawan – Lobburi and Rayong – Chantaburi areas. Metallogeny of the Au and Cu‐Au skarn deposits and the epithermal Au deposit is related to adakitic rocks of magnetite‐series granitoids from Phetchabun and Nakon Sawan areas. All mineralizations along the LFB are generated in the volcanic arc related to the subduction of Paleo‐Tethys. The total Al (^TAl) content of biotite of granitoids increases in the following order: granitoids associated with Fe and Au deposit < with Cu deposit < barren granitoids. X_Mg of biotite in granitoids in Muang Loei indicates the crystallization of biotite in magnetite‐series granitoids under high oxygen fugacity conditions. On the other hand, low X_Mg (<0.4) of biotite in magnetite‐series granitoids in Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep and Rayong – Chantaburi indicates a reduced environment and low oxygen fugacity, associated with Au skarn deposit (Phu Thap Fah) and Sb‐Au deposit (Bo Thong), respectively. The magnetite‐series granitoids at Phu Thap Fah having low magnetic susceptibilities and low X_Mg of biotite were formed by reduction of initially oxidizing magnetite‐series granitic magma by interaction with reducing sedimentary country rocks as suggested by negative δ³⁴S_CDT values.     

陈家山矿煤中微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征

通过对陈家山煤矿中下侏罗统延安组4#主采煤层中微量元素和稀土元素的测试分析,发现煤中富集亲花岗岩的钨钼族元素W、Mo、Bi、Sn、Ba、Sr和Li,说明该区煤系形成期间的陆源碎屑主要来自花岗岩和花岗片麻岩等中、酸性岩石。4#煤中ΣREE平均值为98.2×10-6,稀土元素分布模式十分相似,呈左高右低的宽缓“V”型曲线,Eu负异常明显,反映出稀土元素与陆源碎屑岩关系密切,成煤期间稀土元素来源一致,陆源物质的供应相对稳定。      

青岛八仙墩海相碎屑岩的岩石地球化学特征及其油气研究意义

青岛八仙墩剖面出露了一套海相陆源碎屑沉积层序。这套碎屑岩受崂山花岗岩侵入已经发生变质,岩性以硬砂岩为主,夹有页岩、含锰细砂岩、长石砂岩,富含白云质。这套地层保留了各种原生的沉积构造,发育有浊积岩的底模构造,同沉积变形,水平层理、微粒序层理。岩石地球化学分析结果表明:碎屑岩的SiO_2含量在59.6%～71.6%之间,含量的多少与岩性无相关性;而黑色页岩的Al_2O_3含量变化于12.31%～16.39%之间,多在15%以上,高于灰白色砂岩的含量(普遍小于14.5%)。镜下特征和Al203含量都表明砂岩的成熟度低。除一个样品外,碎屑岩的∑REE含量高,在146.75×10~(-6)～245.78×10~(-6)之间,La在30.35×10~(-6)～61.39×10~(-6)之间,对球粒陨石标准化的(La/Yb)_N在8.68×10~(-6)～21.89×10~(-6)之间。对PASS标准化碎屑岩的(La/Ce)_N值为1.07～1.18,显示了陆源碎屑物质的主要贡献。该地层弱的Ce/Ce*负异常和富含白云质岩层指示了海相沉积环境。主量元素判别图解和微量元素判别图解表明这套碎屑岩具有活动大陆边缘背景和大陆岛弧的共同特征,但高的∑REE含量、La和Ce丰度支持了活动大陆边缘的沉积环境,但有待于采用更准确的重矿物分析来确定其物源区的大地构造性质。这套碎屑岩的出露指示了南黄海盆地深部应有奥陶统盆地相浊积沉积体系的存在,可能具有良好的浊积砂岩油气储层。     

Rare-earth elements as source indicators of Pan-African granites from Obudu Plateau,Southeastern Nigeria

The rare-earth element （REE） concentrations of representative granite samples from the southeast of the Obudu Plateau, Nigeria, were analyzed with an attempt to determine the signatures of their source, evolutionary history and tectonic setting. Results indicated that the granites have high absolute REE concentrations （190×10^-6-1191×10^-6; av.=549×10^-6） with the chondrite-normalized REE patterns characterized by steep negative slopes and prominent to slight or no negative Eu anomalies. All the samples are also characterized by high and variable concentrations of the LREE （151×10^-6-1169×10^-6; av.= 466×10^-6）, while the HREE show low abundance （4×10^-6-107×10^-6; av.=28×10^-6）. These are consistent with the variable levels of REE fractionation, and differentiation of the granites. This is further supported by the range of REE contents, the chondrite-normalized patterns and the ratios of LaN/YbN （2.30-343.37）, CeN/YbN （5.94-716.87）, LaN/SmN （3.14-11.68） and TbN/YbN （0.58-1.65）. The general parallelism of the REE patterns, suggest that all the granites were comagmatic in origin, while the high Eu/Eu＊ ratios （0.085-2.807; av.=0.9398） indicate high fo2 at the source. Similarly, irregular variations in LaN/YbN, CeN/YbN and Eu/Eu＊ ratios and REE abundances among the samples suggest behaviors that are related to mantle and crustal sources.     

大兴安岭─燕山地层分区中、新生代地层

对大兴安岭和燕山北部的中生代地层，进行了系统的总结。侏罗纪早中期为含煤地层，晚期为以兴安岭群为代表的火山堆积；白垩纪早期为火山－沉积含煤地层，晚期为红层。第三纪以二连盆地合大量哺乳动物群的杂色沉积为特征。     

辽宁省丹东地区“前震旦纪”侵入岩的锆石U-Pb 年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

本文对辽东南丹东地区部分原定前震旦纪侵入岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学研究,以便对其岩石成因和区域构造演化给予制约.详细的岩石学和岩相学研究表明,四个侵入岩体岩性分别为二长花岗岩、角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩、黑云母二长花岗岩和角闪辉长岩.所选样品中锆石均呈半自形-自形晶形、阴极发光图像显示具有成分生长环带或条痕状吸收特点,结合其高的Th/U比值(0.53 ～2.40)和亏损轻稀土元素(LREEs)、相对富集重稀土元素(HREEs)以及负Eu异常和正Ce异常等特征,表明其典型岩浆成因特点.锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明,它们均形成于早白垩世(峰期为126Ma).岩石学和地球化学分析结果显示,研究区早白垩世侵入岩具有双峰式岩浆作用特点,其中花岗质岩石SiO2=66.99％～73.13％,K2O=3.52％～4.67％,K2O/Na2O=1.01～1.43,MgO=0.45％～2.61％,Mg#值为29～56,Al2O3=13.97％ ～ 14.92％,富集LREEs和大粒子亲石元素(LILEs),亏损HREEs和高场强元素(HFSEs),暗示其具有I型花岗岩特点,岩浆应起源于下地壳的部分熔融;而角闪辉长岩SiO2=50.22％,MgO=10.61％,Mg#值为69,Cr(196×10-6)、Co(44.8×10-6)、Ni(73.4×10-6)含量较高,富集LREEs和LILEs,亏损HREEs和Nb、Ta、Ti等HFSEs,暗示其岩浆应起源于受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔楔.结合区域地质资料表明,辽东南丹东地区早白垩世侵入岩应形成于类似弧后盆地的伸展环境,其形成应与古太平洋板块北西向向欧亚大陆之下的俯冲作用相联系.     

陈蔡岩群下河图斜长角闪岩年代学、地球化学特征及其构造意义

浙江诸暨市下河图村的陈蔡岩群中出露一套斜长角闪岩,空间上与块状大理岩相伴产出。地球化学研究表明,下河图斜长角闪岩SiO_2含量为43.22%~46.56%,MgO为3.23%~7.87%,TiO_2为1.90%~2.98%,与碱性洋岛玄武岩特征类似。稀土元素总量为114.47×10~(-6)~192.39×10~(-6),(La/Yb)N为5.93~12.13,稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型;原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图表现出向上隆起的富集形态,微量元素特征表明其可能形成于洋岛构造环境,陆壳物质对其混染的可能性较小,岩石成分主要受熔融源区控制。推测下河图斜长角闪岩原岩很可能形成于靠近消减带的海山环境,来源于洋壳俯冲过程中增生的海山碎片,陈蔡岩群很可能为一套俯冲增生杂岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法获得斜长角闪岩变质年龄为420.6±1.8 Ma,可能代表了扬子和华夏两大地块碰撞拼合的时代。     

Origin of natural sulfur-metal chimney in the Tangyin hydrothermal field,Okinawa Trough: constraints from rare earth element and sulfur isotopic compositions

For the first time, we present the rare earth element (REE) and sulfur isotopic composition of hydrothermal precipitates recovered from the Tangyin hydrothermal field (THF), Okinawa Trough at a water depth of 1206 m. The natural sulfur samples exhibit the lowest ΣREE concentrations (ΣREE= 0.65×10^–6–4.580×10^–6) followed by metal sulfides (ΣREE=1.71×10^–6–11.63×10^–6). By contrast, the natural sulfur-sediment samples have maximum ΣREE concentrations (ΣREE=11.54×10^–6–33.06×10^–6), significantly lower than those of the volcanic and sediment samples. Nevertheless, the δEu, δCe, (La/Yb)_N, La/Sm, (Gd/Yb)_N and normalized patterns of the natural sulfur and metal sulfide show the most similarity to the sediment. Most hydrothermal precipitate samples are characterized by enrichments of LREE (LREE/HREE=10.09–24.53) and slightly negative Eu anomalies or no anomaly (δEu=0.48–0.99), which are different from the hydrothermal fluid from sediment-free mid-oceanic ridges and back-arc basins, but identical to the sulfides from the Jade hydrothermal field. The lower temperature and more oxidizing conditions produced by the mixing between seawater and hydrothermal fluids further attenuate the leaching ability of hydrothermal fluid, inducing lower REE concentrations for natural sulfur compared with metal sulfide; meanwhile, the negative Eu anomaly is also weakened or almost absent. The sulfur isotopic compositions of the natural sulfur (δ³⁴S=3.20‰–5.01‰, mean 4.23‰) and metal sulfide samples (δ³⁴S=0.82‰–0.89‰, mean 0.85‰) reveal that the sulfur of the chimney is sourced from magmatic degassing.     

内蒙古宝日拉锦乌拉钠闪石花岗岩特征

宝日拉锦乌拉钠闪石花岗岩岩体位于大兴安岭中段东坡,形成于早白垩世晚期或更晚些.钠闪石花岗岩富SiO₂（含量为71.63%~77.35%）,富碱（ALK=4.94%~9.17%）,贫铝、镁、钙.钠闪石花岗岩的稀土元素总量极高,其中钠闪石钾长花岗岩的稀土总量在271.77×10^-6~701.77×10^-6之间,而钠闪石二长花岗岩中的稀土元素总量在2938×10^-6~6933.2×10^-6之间.轻、重稀土元素比值在1.63~7.49之间,大部分在2~5之间,稀土配分曲线为略呈右倾的“V”字形,说明轻、重稀土元素的分馏程度较差.δEu值极低,在0.016~0.035之间,说明该岩石的Eu负异常极为明显.研究区出露的钠闪石花岗岩形成于板块内部非造山的相对稳定的构造环境.     

内蒙古乌兰沟埃达克岩锆石U-Pb年龄及构造环境

内蒙古中部贺根山缝合带的梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩中,新发现乌兰沟埃达克岩,岩性为花岗闪长岩。LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb测年结果表明,乌兰沟埃达克岩的侵位年龄为279.3±1.4Ma,其形成时代为早二叠世。乌兰沟埃达克岩SiO_2含量为65.92%~69.65%,MgO为1.34%~2.16%,Al_2O_3为15.30%~17.33%,Na_2O/K_2O值为3.95~14.09,Sr=359.60×10~(-6)~734.00×10~(-6),Yb=0.83×10~(-6)~2.02×10~(-6),Y=6.65×10~(-6)~12.84×10~(-6);富集K、Rb、Sr等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素;稀土元素总量为32.18×10~(-6)~65.41×10~(-6),明显较低,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,(La/Yb)N值为2.84~7.56,无明显Eu异常,显示出高硅埃达克岩(HSA)的地球化学特征。该埃达克岩具有岛弧型岩浆岩特征,形成于俯冲带岛弧环境,可能为洋内俯冲洋壳+俯冲深积物部分熔融并与上覆地幔楔橄榄岩反应成因。根据乌兰沟埃达克岩与梅劳特乌拉蛇绿岩的时空分布与演化特征,贺根山缝合带在早二叠世可能存在洋内俯冲作用。     

Types of Enclaves and Their Features and Origins in Intermediate-Acid Intrusive Rocks from the Tongling District, Anhui Province, China

Enclaves in intermediate-acid plutons from Tongling can be divided into three types: xenoliths, relics and magmatogenic enclaves. The magmatogenic enclaves consist of cumulates, micrograined dioritite mixtite and dioritic chilled border enclaves. Petrologically, relics with eyed and meta-poikilitic texture are characterized by high content of biotite (>80%) and low content of cordierite and grossular. The cumulates with accumulate texture consist of a great amount of pyroxene, hornblende and minor spinel and phlogopite. The micrograined dioritic mixtite is composed of more hornblendes and feldspar and less needle apatites and an ellipsoid basic core included in plagio-clase. The chilled border enclaves have the same mineral association, but more dark minerals than the host rocks consisting of plagioclase, quartz, alkaline feldspar, hornblende and biotite. Geochemically, the relics exhibit high REE content (455.8×10-6) and high ratio of LREE/HREE, more obvious Eu negative anomaly and are rich in Cr and     

青海不同矿区软玉地球化学特征及Ar-Ar定年研究

为了探讨青海软玉的成矿物质来源、成矿环境及成矿年代,对三岔口矿点、拖拉海沟矿点及大灶火矿点的样品进行了主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及Ar-Ar法定年的测试。结果显示,软玉样品的主量元素变化不大,与透闪石的理论值相符;微量元素差异较大,说明不同矿点成矿环境不同;稀土元素总量较低(0.29×10-6~40.72×10-6),Eu中度负异常(0.49~0.84),除大灶火青玉样品具左倾的重稀土元素富集模式[(La/Yb)N=0.16~0.61]外,其他样品都具有右倾的轻稀土元素富集模式,(La/Yb)N=2.87~6.34。三岔口矿点、拖拉海沟矿点软玉样品的稀土元素分配曲线与纳赤台基性辉长岩相似,大灶火矿点黄玉的稀土元素分配模式与二长花岗岩相似,而青玉的分配模式与斜长花岗岩相似。样品的~TAl~(3+)、~CAl~(3+)和Ti含量变化表明,翠青玉的成矿温度最高、压力最大,黄玉成矿温度较高、压力较大;烟青玉和青玉成矿温度较高、压力较低;白玉、青白玉和糖玉成矿温度较低、压力较低。翠青玉和黄玉中明显较低的Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta和Sr/Ba值提示其成矿环境酸性明显加强。3个矿点样品的成矿年代301.38~237.28 Ma介于晚石炭世—中三叠世之间,属于印支-海西运动阶段。成矿年代均晚于侵入岩形成年代,说明矿体经历了多次热液交代过程。