Ore-forming fluids associated with granite-hosted gold mineralization at the Sanshandao deposit, Jiaodong gold province, China

The Sanshandao gold deposit, with total resources of more than 60 t of gold, is located in the Jiaodong gold province, the most important gold province of China. The deposit is a typical highly fractured and altered, disseminated gold system, with high-grade, quartz-sulphide vein/veinlet stockworks that cut Mesozoic granodiorite. There are four stages of veins that developed in the following sequence: (1) quartz-K-feldspar-sericite; (2) quartz-pyrite±arsenopyrite; (3) quartz-base metal sulfide; and (4) quartz-carbonate. Fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite in vein/veinlet stockworks contain C-O-H fluids of three main types. The first type consists of dilute CO₂–H₂O fluids coeval with the early vein stage. Molar volumes of these CO₂–H₂O fluid inclusions, ranging from 50–60 cm³/mol, yield estimated minimum trapping pressures of 3 kbar. Homogenization temperatures, obtained mainly from CO₂–H₂O inclusions with lower CO₂ concentration, range from 267–375 °C. The second inclusion type, with a CO₂–H₂O±CH₄ composition, was trapped during the main mineralizing stages. These fluids may reflect the CO₂–H₂O fluids that were modified by fluid/rock reactions with altered wallrocks. Isochores for CO₂-H₂O±CH₄ inclusions, with homogenization temperatures ranging from 204–325 °C and molar volumes from 55 to 70 cm³/mol, provide an estimated minimum trapping pressure of 1.2 kbar. The third inclusion type, aqueous inclusions, trapped in cross-cutting microfractures in quartz and randomly in calcite, are post-mineralization, and have homogenization temperatures between 143–228 °C and salinities from 0.71–7.86 wt% NaCl equiv. Stable isotope data show that the metamorphic fluid contribution is minimal and that ore fluids are of magmatic origin, most likely sourced from 120–126 Ma mafic to intermediate dikes. This is consistent with the carbonic nature of the fluid, and the cross-cutting nature of those deposits relative to the host Mesozoic granitoid.Editorial handling: R.J. Goldfarb     

胶东三山岛金矿床黄铁矿As富集机制及其对金成矿作用的指示

胶东是中国最大的金矿集区,其金矿成因目前还存在较大争议.作为最重要的载金矿物,黄铁矿显微结构及元素-同位素组成能够很好地示踪成矿物质来源和成矿过程.利用SEM、EPMA和LA-ICP-MS微区原位分析方法对胶东代表性蚀变岩型金矿—三山岛金矿的黄铁矿开展详细的BSE显微结构以及As含量和S同位素耦合关系研究,发现矿区至少...     

胶西北水旺庄金矿床3000 m深度找矿预测

水旺庄金矿床位于胶西北招平断裂带北段玲珑金矿田东南缘,累计探明金资源量逾180 t,已控制矿体最大垂深2200 m。目前,胶西北主要金矿田深部找矿的深度均已达2000 m,正确认识3000 m深度的找矿前景,既是该区域进一步开展深部找矿的现实需要,也对全国深部找矿具有重要的示范意义。通过对矿床地质特征、矿化富集规律、深部地球物理探测等研究,预测了水旺庄金矿床的深部找矿前景,并进行了深部钻探验证。同时,对区内深部金资源潜力进行了讨论。研究表明,水旺庄金矿床主要矿体严格受控于NNE—NE走向招平断裂带,具有NE向侧伏和SE向倾伏的特征,沿侧伏和倾伏方向金矿化具有分段富集的规律,预测在5号勘探线以东、-2200 m标高以深会出现新的矿化富集区。大地电磁测深剖面显示,招平断裂带向深部延伸稳定,沿倾向具有波状起伏的特征,于-2500~-3000 m标高范围倾角明显变缓,由27°变为18°,指示该区域具有良好的深部找矿前景。根据预测结果,实施了3000.58 m钻孔进行验证,于2831.15~2832.65 m深度探获厚1.50 m、品位达6.85 g/t的金矿体。进一步分析认为,招平断裂带北段深部找矿潜力巨大,初步预测在-2000~-3000 m深度存在第三矿化富集带,预测金资源量可能超400 t。     

胶东三山岛金矿床构造-热历史:~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar和裂变径迹年代学制约

胶东金成矿省目前已探明黄金资源储量超过4000t,是世界上最大的花岗岩容矿的单金成矿省之一。三山岛金矿床位于该金成矿省西北部,是产于早白垩世郭家岭型花岗中的世界级金矿床。锆石U-Pb数据表明该矿床内赋矿围岩郭家岭花岗岩侵位于~128Ma,其后郭家岭花岗岩快速冷却并普遍经历了亚固态韧性变形。已有绢云母Rb-Sr数据表明,该矿床大规模金成矿作用和脆性变形发生于约117Ma。本次获取的1件~99Ma白云母~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄揭示了主期成矿后一期微弱的构造-流体活动。4件锆石裂变径迹年龄中相对较老的单颗粒锆石年龄组分90±10Ma说明,该矿床大致于该时间段冷却至锆石裂变径迹封闭温度240±50℃。13件磷灰石裂变径迹年龄分布于69.8±7.2Ma~46.1±4.8Ma之间;8件磷灰石裂变径迹长度集中于13.1±0.2~12.3±0.2μm,并且呈单峰型略带负偏态的分布,说明该矿床大致于70~50Ma单调缓慢冷却通过磷灰石裂变径迹部分退火带125~60℃。最终,该矿床缓慢冷却剥露至现今近地表温度。相对缓慢的成矿后冷却和剥蚀以及新近深部钻探成果说明,三山岛及其周缘金矿床主断裂下盘脆性变形和热液蚀变作用叠加部位成矿潜力巨大,为有利的找矿靶区。     

Geology and mineralization of the Duobaoshan supergiant porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit (2.36 Mt) in Heilongjiang Province,China: A review

The reserves of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Au-Mo-Ag deposit(also referred to as the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit) ranks first among the copper deposits in China and 33rd among the porphyry copper deposits in the world. It has proven resources of copper(Cu), molybdenum(Mo), gold(Au), and silver(Ag) of 2.28×10⁶ t, 80×10³ t, 73 t, and 1046 t, respectively. The major characteristics of the Duobaoshan porphyry Cu deposit are as follows. It is located in a zone sandwiched by th...     

胶东三山岛金矿中深部成矿流体对比及矿床成因

三山岛金矿位于胶东西北部,属于典型的破碎蚀变岩型金矿。流体包裹体研究表明该矿床为中温、中低盐度H₂O-CO₂-NaCl±CH₄流体;中深部成矿流体对比研究表明,在纵深超过2000m范围内,成矿流体具有较一致的成矿流体介质条件,主成矿均一温度为170~330℃,成矿压力为50~255MPa。H、O、C同位素表明,深源流体参与了成矿作用,很可能是与金矿床伴生的基性幔源岩浆脱水形成的岩浆水,在地壳浅部遭受到大气降水的混合,而S同位素研究进一步揭示了成矿物质具有多源性,矿区浅表在成矿晚期可能受到了表生硫影响而导致δ³⁴S偏高。水岩反应、成矿应力场转变及表面吸附电化学还原反应等导致金沉淀成矿。     

胶东三山岛超巨型金矿床三维地质模型及深部矿体与断裂的耦合关系

近年在胶东三山岛地区的深部和北部海域找矿取得重大进展,已成为中国深部找矿的典型案例。对三山岛金矿床进行三维可视化分析,对指导深部找矿具有重要的实际意义。基于311个钻孔资料建立了三山岛超巨型金矿床的三维地质模型,剖析了金矿床的三维空间特征,指出了沿控矿断裂深部找矿的重点区段。三维可视化分析发现,研究区以往认为各自独立的数个金矿床,主要矿体向深部相互连接,构成资源量超过1000 t的超巨型金矿床;赋矿的三山岛断裂产状起伏变化明显,浅部倾角较陡,向深部逐渐变缓,呈铲式阶梯状。对主要矿体厚度、品位变化与断裂面倾角变化的耦合关系分析表明,矿体品位和厚度沿走向和倾向均呈现高低相间变化的特点,两者呈正相关。金矿体主要赋存于断裂表面坡度较缓段,在三山岛北部海域,三山岛断裂在2000 m深度范围内有2个倾角明显缓倾的台阶,分别赋存了浅部和深部金矿体。其中,浅部台阶位于-20~-600 m标高,断裂表面坡度平均值为48.21°,矿体赋存部位的断裂表面坡度平均值为44.72°;深部台阶位于-940~-1760 m标高,断裂表面坡度平均值为44.56°,矿体赋存部位的断裂表面坡度平均值为42.75°。综合分析认为,断裂的缓倾角段是深部找矿的重点区域。     

胶西北寺庄金矿床红化蚀变过程及其对金成矿贡献

胶东是我国最重要的金矿集区,其内金矿床均赋存于沿NE-NNE向断裂带展布的大规模红化蚀变带中;然而对红化蚀变是钾长石化还是赤铁矿-金红石化,及其对金成矿的贡献尚存争议。寺庄超大型金矿床的红化蚀变沿NE-NNE向焦家断裂带及其次级断裂-裂隙系统发育,占已探明资源储量70%的Ⅲ号矿体群即赋存于红化蚀变带内,是研究红化蚀变与金成矿关系的理想对象。本文以该金矿床红化蚀变花岗岩为研究对象,通过对比新鲜花岗岩与强、弱红化蚀变岩内矿物组合和地球化学组成,探讨红化蚀变对于金成矿的贡献。矿物学研究表明,弱红化蚀变岩内的蚀变发生在斜长石核部,以钠长石化为主,同时形成绢云母和少量热液钾长石,且赤铁矿在此阶段沉淀;而弱红化蚀变岩进一步水岩反应成为强红化蚀变岩的过程中出现大量热液钾长石。质量平衡计算表明,红化蚀变过程中SiO₂、K₂O迁入,而Na₂O、CaO、Al₂O₃、FeO^T、MgO迁出;红化流体由早期富Na向后期富K转变。岩石地球化学与氢氧同位素综合示踪显示,红化流体为高温、高氧逸度、富K的玲珑岩浆期后热液,与胶东金矿床中-低温、还原性、富CO₂成矿流体性质相反,表明红化流体未直接参与成矿过程。综合研究揭示,流体交代斜长石后形成贯通性孔隙提高红化蚀变岩的渗透性;热液钾长石交代斜长石导致岩石体积膨胀而破裂,降低岩石抗压强度;这些为成矿期断裂活动以及成矿流体的运移和成矿物质的沉淀提供了极为有利的围岩条件,可能是巨量金聚集成矿的关键因素之一。

     

Geology and mineralization of the Pulang supergiant porphyry copper deposit (5.11 Mt) in Shangri-la,Yunnan Province,China: A review

The porphyry copper belt in the Geza island arc in southwestern China is the only Indosinian porphyry copper metallogenic belt that has been discovered and evaluated so far. The Pulang porphyry copper deposit (also referred to as the Pulang deposit) in this area has proven copper reserves of 5.11×10⁶ t. This deposit has been exploited on a large scale using advanced mining methods, exhibiting substantial economic benefit. Based on many research results of previous researchers and the authors’ team, this study proposed the following key insights. (1) The Geza island arc was once regarded as an immature island arc with only andesites and quartz diorite porphyrites occurring. This understanding was overturned in this study. Acidic endmember components such as quartz monzonite porphyries and quartz monzonite porphyries have been identified in the Geza island arc, and the mineralization is mainly related to the magmatism of quartz monzonite porphyries. (2) Complete porphyry orebodies and large vein orebodies have developed in the Pulang deposit. Main orebody KT1 occurs in the transition area between the potassium silicate alteration zone of quartz monzonite porphyries and the sericite-quartz alteration zone. Most of them have developed in the potassium silicate alteration zone. The main orebody occurs as large lenses at the top of the hanging wall of rock bodies, with an engineering-controlled length of 1920 m and thickness of 32.5‒630.29 m (average: 187.07 m). It has a copper grade of 0.21%‒1.56% (average: 0.42%) and proven copper resources of 5.11×10⁶ t, which are associated with 113 t of gold, 1459 t of silver, and 170×10³ t of molybdenum. (3) Many studies on diagenetic and metallogenic chronology, isotopes, and fluid inclusions have been carried out for the Pulang deposit, including K-Ar/Ar-Ar dating of monominerals (e.g., potassium feldspars, biotites, and amphiboles), zircon U-Pb dating, and molybdenite Re-Os dating. The results show that the porphyries in the Pulang deposit are composite plutons and can be classified into pre-mineralization quartz diorite porphyrites, quartz monzonite porphyries formed during the mineralization, and post-mineralization granite porphyries, which were formed at 223±3.7 Ma, 218±4 Ma, and 207±3.9 Ma, respectively. The metallogenic age of the Pulang deposit is 213‒216 Ma. (4) The petrogeochemical characteristics show that the Pulang deposit has the characteristics of volcanic arc granites. The calculation results of trace element contents in zircons show that quartz monzonite porphyries and granite porphyries have higher oxygen fugacity. The isotopic tracing results show that the diagenetic and metallogenic materials were derived from mixed crust- and mantle-derived magmas.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

Fluid evolution in the Rushan lode gold deposit of Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China

The Rushan gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula is currently the largest lode gold in China. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite- and polymetallic sulfide–quartz vein/veinlet stockworks. Fluid inclusions in the deposit are divided into three main types, namely CO₂–H₂O, H₂O–CO₂ ± CH₄ and aqueous ones. Microthermometric data show that the pre-gold fluids were CO₂-dominant (X_CO2 up to 0.53), and the total homogenization temperatures fall in the range of 298377 °C. These fluids, modified by fluid/wallrock reactions, gradually evolved into fluids with less CO₂ (X_CO2 = 0.010.19) in the main ore-forming stage, and the total homogenization temperatures range from 170 to 324 °C. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data suggest that ore-forming fluids were mixture of magmatic and meteoritic origin. Co-occurrence of gold and sulfides implies that gold was most likely transported in the form of gold–sulfide complexes. The wide distribution of CO₂ inclusions means that the pH variation during gold transportation was controlled by CO₂ buffering.     

Geology and mineralization of the supergiant Shimensi granitic-type W-Cu-Mo deposit (1.168 Mt) in northern Jiangxi,South China: A Review

The Shimensi deposit is a recently discovered W-Cu-Mo polymetallic deposit located in the Jiangnan porphyry-skarn W belt in South China. The deposit has a resource of 0.74×10⁶ t of WO₃ accompanied by 0.4×10⁶ t Cu and 28000 t Mo and other useful components like Ga, making it one of the largest W deposits in the world. This paper is aimed to reveal the ore-controlling mechanisms of the Shimensi deposit, involving the role of the ore-related granites, the tectonic background for its formation, and the metallogenesis model. The systematic geological survey suggests multi-types of alteration are developed in the deposit, mainly including greisenization, potassic-alteration, sericitization, chloritization, and silicification. Drilling engineering data and mining works indicate that the Shimensi deposit consists of two main orebodies of I and II. Therein, the W resource has reached a supergiant scale, and the accompanied Cu, Mo, Au, Bi, Ga, and some other useful components are also of economic significance. The main ore-minerals consist of scheelite, wolframite and chalcopyrite. Disseminated mineralization is the dominant type of the W-Cu-Mo polymetallic orebodies, and mainly distributes in the inner and external contact zone that between the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite and the Yanshanian granites. The main orebody occurs at the external contact zone, and the pegmatoid crust near the inner contact zone is an important prospecting marker of the W mineralization. Of them, the disseminated W ores within the wall rock of the Neoproterozoic biotite granodiorite is a new mineralization type identified in this paper. Combining previous geochronological and isotopic data, we propose that the mineralization of the Shimensi deposit is closely related to the intruding of the Yanshanian porphyritic biotite granite and granite porphyry. Geochemical data suggest that the biotite granodiorite is rich in Ca and had provided a large amount of Ca for the precipitation of scheelite in this area. Thus, it is a favorable wall rock type for W mineralization. The Shimensi deposit belongs to granitic-type W polymetallic deposit related to post-magmatic hydrothermal, and the ore-forming fluid was initially derived from the Yanshanian magmas.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.     

基于勘查数据的胶东大尹格庄金矿床控矿地质因素定量分析

胶东金矿床集中产于伸展构造系统内,常常显示出明显的构造控矿特征,但前人提出的阶梯式成矿模式难以回答哪些构造特征真正控制了金矿床的形成。大数据时代的到来为地质勘查数据的挖掘、成矿规律的探索提供了新的途径。选择胶东地区的大尹格庄金矿床为研究对象,在系统收集勘查资料的基础上,通过空间分析技术对控矿因素的不同特征进行定量表达,进而分析其与金矿化的相关关系。分析结果显示招平断裂带的距离场因素与金品位和金属量均呈双峰分布特征,与大尹格庄金矿床存在的两类矿化相对应,直观反映了不同类型矿石的相对空间位置。断层的坡度与金品位近似呈高斯分布,品位峰值区累积了大量的金属量,暗示了成矿流体更多地在某一特定的坡度范围内汇聚、停留。断裂面的陡缓变化和起伏程度显著地影响了金的富集程度,能够清晰地区分出经济品位的矿石和矿化体并确定矿体的最有利部位。在蚀变带中最强烈的蚀变部位,金的沉淀量急剧增加,暗示蚀变带内相同的部位可能叠加了持续的热液交代或多次成矿作用。控矿因素大数据分析表明,招平断裂面的形态特征是控制大尹格庄形成的关键因素,这种规律可被推广到整个胶东地区的金矿床。     

胶东三山岛金矿构造控矿规律研究

胶东西北部是我国重要的金矿聚集区,矿床类型以石英脉型和破碎带蚀变岩型为主。发育在三山岛–仓上断裂内部的三山岛金矿床是胶东西北部蚀变岩型金矿的典型代表。最新的勘探结果显示,三山岛金矿在大于2 km的垂深处仍有很好的金矿化,而且三山岛金矿的一个显著特点是主矿体均发育在断裂内部的断层泥之下,断裂的形成和演化对金矿床的形成及矿体的空间分布具有重要的控制作用。作者通过不同尺度的构造分析后发现,在三山岛金矿床形成过程中,区域构造应力场的状态发生过明显的转变,由成矿前的右行张扭,转变为成矿初期的NNW-SSE向挤压左行剪切应力场,三山岛主断裂也在成矿期发生左行挤压逆冲活动,主断裂封闭,主断裂内的断层泥逐渐形成,封堵成矿热液于断层泥之下,形成三山岛矿区大规模的破碎带蚀变岩型矿化。     

胶东玲珑金矿田成矿特征和成矿作用

位于华北克拉通东南缘的胶东地区深部找矿取得重大突破，已成为全球第三大金成矿区。玲珑金矿田是胶东石英脉型金矿的典型产地，也是我国最早勘查开发金矿的地区之一，近年来在该区深部探明的蚀变岩型金矿资源量已超过以往探明的石英脉型金矿。但对深部矿体的空间分布以及石英脉型与蚀变岩型金矿的关系还缺乏系统的认识。本文较详细分析了玲珑金矿田的矿床特征及深部变化，综述了矿床地球化学特征和成矿时代的研究成果，探讨了断裂与成矿的关系、石英脉型金矿与蚀变岩型金矿的关系和矿床成因机制。研究发现，蚀变岩型金矿受总体缓倾斜的主断裂控制，石英脉型金矿赋存于主断裂下盘的陡倾张裂隙中。以往认为的多个蚀变岩型矿床实际是同一个金资源量近600 t的巨型金矿床，矿床在垂向2500 m范围内形成3个矿化富集带。其Ⅰ- 2号主矿体埋深44～2333 m，控制最大走向长4750 m，最大倾斜深2430 m，矿体平均厚度11. 50 m，矿石平均品位3. 15 g/t。综合前人研究结果认为：金矿化发生于约120 Ma。成矿流体为中—高温、低盐度、还原条件H2O- CO2- NaCl±CH4体系热液，H- O同位素组成大部分投点于岩浆水与大气降水线之间，矿石的S、Pb同位素特征与赋矿围岩相似，成矿物质主要来自于下地壳，有少量幔源组分贡献。研究发现，大型蚀变岩型金矿体主要赋存于断裂倾角变化部位构成阶梯成矿模式，其原因是断裂倾角变化引起流体压力波动造成金质沉淀；石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿的矿体特征有明显区别，后者矿体倾角缓、规模大，矿石平均品位低，矿石中金属硫化物含量少（平均S含量约是前者的1/3），金矿物粒度细，金矿物的赋存状态以晶隙金为主（前者主要为包体金）；二者的地球化学特征略有差异，后者成矿期的流体包裹体类型较为单一、盐度和温度相对较低，石英脉型矿石的H- O同位素投点位置更接近于岩浆水，蚀变岩型金矿偏向于大气降水，石英脉型矿石的S同位素特征与胶东岩群相似，而蚀变岩型矿石的S同位素特征与晚中生代岩浆岩更接近。这些差异说明，石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿是同一成矿事件不同成矿方式和不同构造位置的产物。综合分析认为，胶东地区的大规模壳幔混合源岩浆活动，为成矿流体活动提供了热动力条件、运移通道和部分流体来源；岩浆快速隆升引发地壳浅部产生拆离断层和相关张裂构造，为流体聚集、成矿提供了有利空间。     

胶东夏甸金矿床构造-热历史: 成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束

胶东是全球唯一已知前寒武纪变质地体内的晚中生代巨型金成矿系统, 其成矿机制独具特色, 属胶东型金矿床成因新类型; 深入剖析该成矿系统的形成、变化与保存过程对丰富和完善金成矿理论具有重要意义。夏甸超大型金矿床位于胶东招平金矿带中南段, 赋存于晚侏罗世玲珑花岗岩和早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩中, 是一典型的胶东型金矿床; 该矿床成岩-成矿时代已有精确限定, 但其精细演化过程与成矿后变化-保存尚缺乏有效约束, 是开展矿床形成与隆升剥蚀研究的理想选择。因此, 本文通过成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束该矿床的构造-热历史, 揭示其主控因素, 提高对该成矿系统的认识, 为深部找矿潜力评价提供支撑。本次获取的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩分别于151.7±2.1Ma(2σ)和125.8±1.6Ma(2σ)侵位。区域已有黑云母和白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄表明玲珑岩体侵位后缓慢冷却, 并发生韧性变形; 郭家岭花岗岩则经历了同岩浆韧性变形和快速冷却; 约于124Ma两者均冷却至350±50℃, 区域发生韧脆性变形转换。夏甸金矿床与载金矿物共生的热液绢云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar和热液独居石U-Pb年龄表明, 该区于约120Ma发生大规模脆性构造活动和金成矿作用。本文利用采自夏甸金矿床-652m中段532巷道中包括主控矿断层上、下盘经历不同变形程度的7件岩/矿石样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析。除遭受异常热事件影响的主断裂上盘次级断层断层泥样品外, 其余6件样品AFT中值年龄在32.5±1.7Ma(1σ)至23.6±2.9Ma(1σ)之间, 其径迹长度平均值低于14μm(范围为12.0±0.3μm~13.8±0.3μm)、为单峰分布、并略具负偏斜特征, 表明该矿床大致在32~23Ma单调缓慢通过磷灰石裂变径迹部分退火带(125~60℃)。综合区域已有热年代学资料与上述锆石U-Pb、AFT数据, 重建了夏甸金矿床自赋矿玲珑和郭家岭花岗岩侵位以来的构造-热演化历史, 计算出自120Ma金成矿至今该矿床平均冷却和剥蚀速率分别为1.8℃/Myr和0.059km/Myr, 总剥蚀量约为7km, 对比前人对胶西北地区整体剥蚀程度与深部成矿潜力的定量评估以及目前~1.5km的钻孔最大见矿深度, 推断其深部找矿潜力良好。

     

Geology and mineralization of the Tiegelongnan supergiant porphyry-epithermal Cu (Au,Ag) deposit (10 Mt) in western Tibet,China: A review

The Tiegelongnan Cu(Au,Ag)deposit in central Tibet contains more than 10 Mt of copper ranking 29 th in the world.It is characterized by typical porphyry-epithermal alteration and mineralization.In order to improve the understanding of porphyry-epithermal copper deposit in Tibet,new zircon U-Pb age and sulfur isotope data along with published data in the Tiegelongnan are presented to investigate the formation and preservation mechanism.Ore-related intrusive rocks in the Tiegelongnan including Early Cretaceous(about 120 Ma)granodiorite porphyry and diorite porphyry are closely related to the northward subduction of Bangongco-Nujiang ocean.Sulfur mainly comes from deep magma,and ore-forming fluid is affected by both magmatic and meteoric water.The metallogenic setting of Tiegelongnan is consistent with those of Andean porphyry copper deposits in South America.The cover of the Meiriqiecuo Formation volcanic rocks,Lhasa-Qiangtang collision and India-Eurasian collision have significance in the preservation and uplift of the deposit.The formation,preservation and discovery of Tiegelongnan play an important role in exploration of ancient porphyry-epithermal deposits in Tibet.     

Geological Characteristics and Occurrence of Gold in the Xiling Gold Deposit,Jiaodong Peninsula北大核心CSCD

西岭金矿床是胶东金矿集区内近来新发现的超大型破碎蚀变岩型金矿床(475吨@4.56 g/t),位于著名的三山岛金矿床的东侧。本文在详实的野外地质观察的基础上,系统介绍了西岭金矿床的基础地质特征,并运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,结合电子探针分析,系统研究了西岭金矿床金的赋存状态。西岭金矿床大量金矿物(银金矿和自然金)主要赋存在Ⅱ阶段石英-黄铁矿和Ⅲ阶段灰石英-多金属硫化物脉中。西岭金矿床金矿物主要有晶隙金、裂隙金和包体金三种赋存状态,以晶隙金为主。金的主要载体矿物为黄铁矿,次为石英、黄铜矿和方铅矿等。金矿物粒度大小包括粗粒金、中粒金、细粒金和微粒金,以细粒-微粒为主。金矿物形态有粒状、叶片状、线状、钩状、枝杈状和哑铃状等,以粒状为主。金矿物成分以Au和Ag为主,含微量的Cu、Cr、Fe、Ni、Te、S等元素。金成色为685~831,以银金矿为主,含少量自然金。综合地质和地球化学特征,西岭金矿床为蚀变岩型金矿床,是由早白垩世中温岩浆热液充填-交代形成。     

LA-ICP-MS in situ analyses of the pyrites in Dongyang gold deposit,Southeast China: Implications to the gold mineralization

The Dongyang gold deposit is a newly discovered epithermal deposit in Fujian Province, Southeast China, along the Circum-Pacific metallogenic belt. Herewith, the authors present mineralogical, scanning electron microscope, and laser ablation inductively coupled clasma mass spectrometry analysis to reveal the relations between Au and Te, As, S, Fe, etc., and discuss the gold precipitation process. The pyrites in this deposit are Fe-deficient, and are enriched in Te and As. The authors infer that As was mainly in form of As-complexes, and Te-Au-Ag inclusions/solid solution also exsits in the Py I. Along with the depletion of Te and As, they were less active chemically in the Py II, and Au may be incorporated into As-rich and Fe-deficient surface sites by chemisorption onto As-rich growth surfaces. Because of the incorporation of new fluid, Te and As became the most active chemically in the Py III, which was the main elements precipitation stage, and As dominantly substituted for S in the lattice of pyrite, due to the more reducing condition. The authors propose Au was in form of invisible gold, and the incorporation of gold can be considered as post-pyrite event, while the Au-bearing minerals were result of post incorporation of gold in arsenian pyrite.     

胶东三山岛北部海域超大型金矿床的发现及其构造 岩浆背景

胶东是我国最重要的黄金基地,近年来深部和海域隐伏区找矿又取得重大突破。尤其是,在莱州三山岛北部发现了海域超大规模金矿床。这一矿床与位于其南侧的三山岛矿区的深部主矿体相互连接,实际上为同一矿体,矿体全长超过3km,最大斜深超过1.7km,金资源总量超过500t,是我国规模最大的单一金矿体。矿床赋存于三山岛断裂下盘,为破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。其规模最大的4号矿体,赋存标高-796~-1736m,矿体走向长1446m,倾向最大延深1072m,平均厚度30.91m,平均品位5.23g/t。矿床由浅部矿体群和深部矿体群组成,二者均分布于控矿断裂倾角平缓和由陡变换的转折部位,构成由浅部至深部的台阶式分布特征,称之为阶梯式成矿模式。浅部第一台阶矿体赋存于-600m标高深度以上,矿体倾角25°~50°;深部第二台阶矿体赋存于-1000m标高以下,矿体倾角35°~40°。第一台阶与第二台阶的矿化特征有差异,后者矿体资源量多、规模大、厚度厚、品位高。控矿断裂——三山岛断裂的产状变化大,沿走向S形拐弯特征明显,沿倾向总体上显示浅部倾角陡深部倾角缓的铲式特点,且呈现倾角陡、缓交替变化规律,形成阶梯式断层。断裂下盘变形强,构造带厚度大;沿倾斜方向由浅部至深部,断裂带宽度变大、韧性变形特征增强、成矿空间增大,矿体厚度增大。这些特征指示,三山岛断裂具有铲式正断层性质。三山岛断裂的形成可能与郯庐断裂活动有关,郯庐断裂于早白垩世发生左行走滑时,在其东侧产生SEE向的伸展作用,形成了包括三山岛断裂在内的胶东地区的伸展构造。胶东侏罗—白垩纪岩浆活动强烈,玲珑型花岗岩、郭家岭型花岗岩、伟德山型花岗岩、崂山型花岗岩的地球化学特征研究表明,该区经历了由华北-扬子构造体系向欧亚-太平洋构造体系和由挤压机制向伸展机制的转换,由EM1型富集地幔向EM2型富集地幔演变。金矿的同位素年龄与壳幔混合源伟德山型花岗岩及相关中基性脉岩的形成时代一致,均形成于早白垩世。早白垩世岩浆活动在金成矿中起到了"热机"作用,使围岩中的金活化,并将地幔中的金携带上来,提供了部分成矿物质。白垩纪,中国东部软流圈上涌,构造岩浆活动强烈。在胶东地区,受早白垩世壳幔混合型大规模深部岩浆热隆影响,侏罗纪形成的壳源型玲珑岩基强烈隆升,其上覆的变质岩层发生大幅度拆离滑脱,形成拆离断层,三山岛断裂、焦家断裂和招平断裂均是热隆-伸展体制下的铲形下滑断裂,属拆离断层的组成部分。这种热隆-伸展构造为金矿成矿提供了有利条件,岩浆活动为金矿形成提供了适宜的物源、热源和流体,伸展拆离构造为金矿成矿提供了有利空间,构造、岩浆、流体的耦合造成了胶东型金矿大规模成矿作用。     

胶东三山岛北部海域金矿床石英热释光和晶胞参数特征及其找矿意义

胶东是中国最重要的黄金资源基地之一,近年来深部找矿取得重大突破,特别是在三山岛北部海域发现超大型金矿床.深入研究其成矿规律,对于指导今后的找矿勘探意义重大.笔者应用成因矿物学和找矿矿物学理论,选取该矿床的贯通性矿物石英,对其热释光和晶胞参数特征的时空分布规律及与金矿化的关系进行了系统研究.结果 表明:(1)石英热释光曲...