实行项目核算 加强成本管理

在市场经济条件下,勘测设计单位是自主经营,自负盈亏的经营实体,成本管理自然成为企业经营管理的重要方面。但由于勘测设计行业多年来受事业单位传统的管理模式影响,各单位对成本的核算管理认识不足,勘测设计成本结构不合理,没有形成成本核算体系,至使成本管理处于粗放状态,影响设     

工程勘测设计咨询业改革对策与EPC全功能服务模式初探

随着中国即将加入WTO,我国当前的勘测设计体制和工程项目建设管理体制必须进行改革。工程项目管理按照国际上通行的管理模式、程序和方法,组建与国际接轨的设计、采购、施工EPC全功能工程公司,是今后勘测设计行业改革的一个方向。2000年1月,国务院101号文提出工程勘测设计单位体制改革的方针:尽     

武汉市勘测设计研究院

武汉市勘测设计研究院是具备国家综合勘察甲级资质的大型勘测设计研究单位，1950年建院以来，一直担负着为城市规划、国土管理和城乡建设提供基础地理信息产品和勘测设计服务的职能，主要从事城市基础勘测生产、科研、开发、应用等基础工作。     

努力探索和不断创新水利勘测设计单位的发展之路

针对勘测设计单位如何积极面对形势,抓住机遇,进一步转变观念,深化改革,提高勘测设计水平和质量,增强市场竞争能力,为水利建设做好前期服务,结合本单位的实际,在战略定位、建立现代企业制度、科技创新及质量兴院、拓展经营思路更新经营手段、企业文化建设等方面进行了积极有效地探索.     

全国水利水电勘测设计单位计算机应用技术研讨会召开

近日,由中国水利水电勘测设计协会计算机应用工作委员会主办、上海勘测设计研究院承办的2011年全国水利水电勘测设计单位计算机应用技术研讨会暨中国水利水电勘测设计协会计算机工作委员会年会,在上海举行。     

勘测设计单位内部审计工作存在的问题及对策

相对于技术、经济的快速发展,勘测设计单位内部审计的发展还相对滞后,内部审计工作存在的一些问题逐渐浮出水面,有些问题甚至已成为影响勘测设计单位发展的障碍,本文从目前勘测设计单位内部审计工作的现状剖析入手,提出相应的解决对策。     

电力工程项目管理的模式探讨

本文阐述了电力工程建设推行专业化项目管理体制的必要性，探讨了几种项目管理模式，强调了工程咨询设计单位是专业化建设项目管理服务的最好提供者的观点，并结合我国电力工程咨询设计单位改制的实际，提出了将我国电力工程咨询设计单位向国际通行的工程公司模式进行改造的具体建议。     

勘测设计科技档案归档难的问题依然存在

科技档案归档对勘测设计单位具有重要意义。作者凭借多年从事档案管理工作的经验，分析了目前勘测设计科技档案难的原因并提出相关的解决对策与建议。     

燕赵明珠——河北省电力勘测设计研究院

河北省电力勘测设计研究院始建于1958年,是国家级综合性甲级电力勘测设计单位。1993年、1997年两度名列全国勘察设计综合实力百强单位,1998年度入选“全国综合指标前100名工程勘察设计单位”。连续多年被评为河北省级文明单位、河北省勘察设计先进单位、河北省“重合同守信用企     

提升设计企业整体实力坚持可持续发展

改制后的勘察设计单位，应当不断提升企业整体实力，坚持可持续发展。结合慈溪市建筑设计研究院的工作实际，在分配关系、管理模式、人才工程、企业文化等四个方面进行阐述和思考。     

Progress on Process and Mechanism of Sand and Dust Emission on Gobi

Gobi is one of the most important landscapes in northwest China, and it is also one of the dust sources in north China and even in central Asia. Based on the different land surface characteristics on the gobi surface, sand and dust emission process and mechanism are obviously different with other landscapes, such as sandy desert. Dust emission process and mechanism on the gobi surface were analyzed in this paper. Wind power system, geomorphology pattern and underlying characteristics were considered for their effect on the sand and dust emission process. Then, the mechanism of land surface characteristics on threshold wind velocity was analyzed. Finally, based on the previous studies on dust emission and mechanism, and in combination with the regional and global requirement, we suggested that the land surface characteristics parameterization, identification of the dust sources and sediment emission mechanism should be the main issues in the future gobi sand and dust research.     

深厚软基上多(高)层建筑桩基础的共同作用分析

探讨了深厚软弱地基上多（高）层建筑桩基础的共同作用分析方法,建立了桩土相互作用的界面模型,采用子结构法考虑上部结构刚度对基础变形和地基沉降的影响,同时考虑地基为弹塑性的,并采用无限元法考虑远场区域的影响。通过一个工程实例验证了模型的合理性,计算结果表明,计算方法能反应深厚软弱地基上桩基础的沉降特性。     

陆地中低放核废物地质处置的发展与现状

介绍全球陆地中的中低放核废物处置的发展与现状,重点介绍近地表埋藏处置法,废矿井处置法和深岩硐地质处置法,并简要概述一些国家在陆地核废物处置领域内出现的问题及对策。     

降雨条件下滑坡灾害及滑坡排水效果研究

根据诱发黄腊石滑坡的典型降雨过程给出了设计降雨过程和入渗曲线。 并对降雨条件下滑坡的非饱和非稳定渗流进行了分析。 重点对黄腊石滑坡群石榴树包滑坡失稳后所造成的灾害及滑坡排水效果进行了研究。     

不同环境温度和含砂率对黏性土干缩开裂影响试验研究

在工程建设与自然环境中,土体因失水而产生收缩、开裂的过程受多重因素的影响,且各因素之间的相互作用关系十分复杂。其中,环境温度在土体开裂的起始与结束中,起至关重要的影响;同时,鲜见关于土体内部黏土、砂粒配比对于裂隙发育影响的研究。故本研究设置了不同环境温度、含砂率条件,展开一系列室内蒸发试验,通过记录试验过程中土体内部水分散失以及表面裂隙发育、发展情况,利用相关图形分析软件,对裂隙率、裂隙网络的几何形态进行定量分析,进而探究不同温度、含砂率对土体干缩、开裂的影响机理。研究结果表明：（1）砂粒的存在,导致土体内部的结构发生改变,部分输水通道被堵塞,从而延长了自由水的运移路径,水分蒸发速率随着含砂率的增加而降低。（2）砂粒的存在将导致土体表面提前产生开裂,此现象受含砂率的影响较小,与是否含砂有关。（3）土体内部含砂率越高,裂隙发育纵深越小,延伸长度越短,同时裂隙的宽度与含砂率呈反比。（4）相同含砂率条件下,环境温度越高,水分蒸发速率、土体表面形成的裂隙宽度越大,且在一定程度上促使表面裂隙提前产生。     

Effects of coal storage in air on physical and chemical properties of coal and on gas adsorption

This paper investigates changes in the high-volatile bituminous Lower Block Coal Member from Indiana owing to moisture availability and oxidation in air at ambient pressure and temperature over storage time. Specifically, it investigates changes in chemistry, in surface area, and pore structure, as well as changes in methane and carbon dioxide adsorption capacities. Our results document that the methane adsorption capacity increased by 40%, whereas CO₂ adsorption capacity increased by 18% during a 13-month time period. These changes in adsorption are accompanied by changes in chemistry and surface area of the coal.The observed changes in adsorption capacity indicate that special care must be taken when collecting samples and preserving coals until adsorption characteristics are measured in the laboratory. High-pressure isotherms from partially dried coal samples would likely cause overestimation of gas adsorption capacities, lead to a miscalculation of coal-bed methane prospects, and provide deceptively optimistic prognoses for recovery of coal-bed methane or capture of anthropogenic CO₂.     

冻融作用对海相软土压缩性及抗剪强度影响研究

为揭示原状海相软土冻融前后变形及强度差异性,对宁波原状海相软土及不同冻融条件下的融土进行了压缩实验和三轴固结不排水剪切实验。研究结果表明：单向冻结条件下,冻融作用使海相软土压缩性增强,且对试样不同部位处产生的影响程度不同,对靠近冷端的下部融土压缩性影响最大,中部其次,上部最小;冷端温度越低,冻融作用对融土压缩性影响越小,且逐渐趋于稳定;自然解冻比强制解冻对融土压缩性影响程度更大。冻融作用使融土黏聚力明显减小,内摩擦角略有增大;冷端温度越低,冻融作用对黏聚力和内摩擦角影响程度越大,在一定法向应力范围内,融土破坏强度越小。     

沟渠湿地的水文和生态环境效应研究进展

对沟渠和沟渠湿地进行了定义,从水文效应、生物效应和水环境效应等方面综述了目前国内外沟渠研究的进展,重点阐述了沟渠去除水体中氮、磷等营养物质和农药等污染物的机制,同时简要介绍了沟渠模型和管理方面的研究,并指出了目前研究中存在的不足,提出了加强沟渠野外观测、沟渠模拟研究和沟渠管理研究等进一步研究的建议。     

Sorption and desorption of arsenate and arsenite on calcite

The adsorption and desorption of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) on calcite was investigated in a series of batch experiments in calcite-equilibrated solutions. The solutions covered a broad range of pH, alkalinity, calcium concentration and ionic strength. The initial arsenic concentrations were kept low (<33 μM) to avoid surface precipitation. The results show that little or no arsenite sorbs on calcite within 24 h at an initial As concentration of 0.67 μM. In contrast, arsenate sorbs readily and quickly on calcite. Likewise, desorption of arsenate from calcite is fast and complete within hours, indicating that arsenate is not readily incorporated into the calcite crystal lattice. The degree of arsenate sorption depends on the solution chemistry. Sorption increases with decreasing alkalinity, indicating a competition for sorption sites between arsenate and (bi)carbonate. pH also affects the sorption behavior, likely in response to changes in arsenate speciation or protonation/deprotonation of the adsorbing arsenate ion. Finally, sorption is influenced by the ionic strength, possibly due to electrostatic effects. The sorption of arsenate on calcite was modeled successfully using a surface complexation model comprising strong and weak sites. In the model, the adsorbing arsenate species were and . The model was able to correctly predict the adsorption of arsenate in the wide range of calcite-equilibrated solutions used in the batch experiments and to describe the non-linear shape of the sorption isotherms. Extrapolation of the experimental results to calcite bearing aquifers suggests a large variability in the mobility of arsenic. Under reduced conditions, arsenite, which does not sorb on calcite, will dominate and, hence, As will be highly mobile. In contrast, when conditions are oxidizing, arsenate is the predominant species and, because arsenate adsorbs strongly on calcite, As mobility will be significantly retarded. The estimated retardation factors for arsenate in carbonate aquifers range from 25 to 200.     

A review of recent work on mass movements on slopes and on rock falls

This paper reviews the recent developments in the field of mass movements on slopes. The subjects treated include surface-slips, deep-seated soil creep, rock mass creep, surficial landslides, mud flows and Alpine debris flows. In this instance, the paper supplements the Chapter “Accidents on slopes” in the author's book “Physical Aspects of Natural Catastrophes (1975)” by new data published mainly between 1976 and 1983.