艾比湖地区风沙危害趋势及对欧亚大陆桥的影响

艾比湖是新疆最大的尾闾盐湖,地质历史时期和人类活动时期处于不断干缩状态,所形成的于涸湖盆物质在阿拉山口大风驱动下对区域构成风沙危害。从物质来源和驱动风力两个方面分析了风沙危害的可能性;并在剖析扬尘爆发频率和风力条件变化趋势的基础上,得出近40年风沙危害加剧的主要由于沙尘策源地扩大的结论。重点分析了欧亚大陆桥艾湖段风沙危害现状及趋势,认为由于区域风力条件的稳定性,只有在与艾比湖地区生态环境恢复重建的基础上,进行全线的生物防护措施,改善下界面状况,才能取得可持续的防沙效益。     

Present-day deformation of the Dauphine Alpine and Subalpine massifs (SE France)

The positions of 20 geodetic points surveyed in 1946-1952 by the Institut Géographique National in the Grenoble area (western Alps) were remeasured in 1993-1994 using GPS. We evaluate the displacements of the common points of the networks between the two surveys, and calculate the strain-rate tensors for different sets of three adjacent points. The significant N70° shortening direction observed at the boundary of the Belledonne and Taillefer massifs suggests that the dextral strike-slip motion between the External Crystalline Massifs (ECM) and the Subalpine domain is still active. Geological evidence suggests that this deformation, which is compatible with the few focal mechanisms available for the area, occurred throughout the late Neogene. Our data also suggest a roughly 3-5 mm yr⁻¹ active shortening concentrated at the external front of the Subalpine chains. This thrust motion results in a principal axis of compression orientated N130°, oblique to the direction of shortening observed in the ECM. This change in direction is also seen in in situ stress measurements. This motion may mark the southward continuation of the active fault observed in the Jura mountains by Jouanne, Ménard & Darmendrail (1995).     

创新教育中天文台的开发和利用探索

随着全球化的深入与科技的迅猛发展,人才成为各国最宝贵的资源。我国拥有世界上规模最大的人力人才资源,这是创新发展的最大"富矿"。以培养创新人才为主要目标的课程资源开发与利用成为教育研究的新热点,也成为教师教育实践的重要内容。地理作为一门自然科学与人文学科交叉的学科,历来强调实践的重要性。目前不少学校建造了天文台,如何将该资源与现有课程有效结合,乃是本文探讨的重点内容。