共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 282 毫秒
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以鳃、肝胰腺、心脏、精巢、成熟卵、各期胚胎及溞状幼体等为材料,采用空气干燥法对日本[虫寻](Charybdis japonica)的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果表明,发育期的精巢最适宜进行日本[虫寻]染色体计数,用眼点期之后的胚胎和潘状幼体制片,适宜做核型分析。日本[虫寻]染色体的数目是2n=114,n=57。核型分析显示,日本[虫寻]有中部着丝粒染色体(m)共计17对(第1~17号),亚中部着丝粒染色体(sin)7对(第18~24号),亚端部着丝粒染色体(st)仅1对(第25号),端部着丝粒染色体(t)共计32对(第26~57号)。日本[虫寻]的核型公式为:2n=114—34m+14sm+2st+64t,染色体臂数NF=164,未能发现异形性染色体的存在。 相似文献
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日本蟳核型分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以鳃、肝胰腺、心脏、精巢、成熟卵、各期胚胎及溞状幼体等为材料,采用空气干燥法对日本(女寻)(Charybdis japonica)的染色体数目和核型进行了研究.结果表明,发育期的精巢最适宜进行日本(女寻)染色体计数,用眼点期之后的胚胎和溞状幼体制片,适宜做核型分析.日本(女寻)染色体的数目是2,n=114,n=57.核型分析显示,日本(女寻)有中部着丝粒染色体(m)共计17对(第1~17号),亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm)7对(第18~24号),亚端部着丝粒染色体(st)仅1对(第25号),端部着丝粒染色体(t)共计32对(第26~57号).日本(女寻)的核型公式为:2 n=114=34m+14sm+2st+64t,染色体臂数NF=164,未能发现异形性染色体的存在. 相似文献
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研究了平鲷(Rhabdosargus sarba)自然群体和人工诱导雌核发育的染色体核型,结果表明:平鲷自然群体和雌核发育二倍体的染色体没有明显的形态结构差异,数目均为2n=48,中部着丝点染色体2对,亚中部着丝点染色体1对,亚端部着丝点染色体2对,端部着丝点染色体19对,其核型公式为4m+2sm+4st+38t,染色体总臂数(NF)54,染色体上未见随体、次缢痕,也未发现有明显异形的性染色体;雌核发育单倍体染色体数目n=24,中部着丝点染色体有2条,亚中部着丝点染色体1条,亚端部着丝点染色体2条,端部着丝点染色体19条,核型公式为2m+1sm+2st+19t,染色体总臂数(NF)27,单倍体染色体数量是其二倍体染色体的一半,其形态和结构与同源的另一套染色体相似.根据鲷科几种主要鱼类的核型,结合它们之间的杂交后代的性状表现和遗传亲和力、个体发育及其基本生物学特征分析,在分类学上平鲷可以归入鲷属,与黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)和黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)同为一属. 相似文献
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采用鱼鳍细胞空气干燥法制片,Giemsa染色,对厦门沿岸海域2种虾虎鱼的染色体核型进行了分析研究.其中,犬牙缰虾虎鱼(Amoya caninus)的染色体数目为2n=50,臂数为NF=84,有8对中部着丝点染色体(M),7对亚中部着丝点染色体(SM),2对亚端部着丝点染色体(ST)和8对端部着丝点染色体(T).髭缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger barbatus)的染色体数目为2n=44,臂数为NF=68,有5对中部着丝点染色体(M),6对亚中部着丝点染色体(SM),1对亚端部着丝点染色体(ST)和10对端部着丝点染色体(T).未发现有异形染色体.其中犬牙缰虾虎鱼的染色体数目是文献中尚未报道的1类虾虎鱼染色体类型. 相似文献
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作者以鳃为材料 ,用空气干燥法制作染色体标本 ,研究了砂海螂 Mya arenaria L innaeus的核型 ,其核型公式 2 n为 34,2 4 m+ 10 sm,染色体总臂数 NF为 6 8。无端部和亚端部着丝点染色体 ,也无异型染色体 相似文献
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我们通过荧光染色、自身基因组原位杂交(Self-GISH)和多色荧光原位杂交(FISH),首次研究了棘头梅童鱼(Richardson,1844)的核型特征。雌性核型有24对端部着丝粒染色体(2n=48a,NF=48),而雄性核型包含22对端部着丝粒染色体,2条端部着丝粒染色体单体和1条中间着丝粒染色体(2n=1m+46a,NF=48)。雌性和雄性核型之间的差异表明,棘头梅童鱼的性染色体系统为X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y型,其中Y为雄性中特有的中间着丝粒染色体。三色FISH结果显示,5S rDNA和18S rDNA位点定位在最大的端着丝粒染色体(X1)以及Y染色体的短臂;X1染色体上有一个特异的臂间端粒信号(ITS),与5S rDNA位点部分重叠。Self-GISH结果显示,在推定的性染色体DNA重复序列聚集。根据实验结果我们提出关于棘头梅童鱼Y染色体起源的假说:Y染色体起源于祖先核型(2n=48a)中的两条端部着丝染色体融合,并且在此过程中伴随着片段缺失。本研究首次在石首鱼科中描述了异形的性染色体,将为其他石首鱼的性染色体研究提供线索。 相似文献
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采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对硬壳蛤5种组织(足、外套膜、闭壳肌、鳃和肝)的酯酶(EST)、苹果酸脱氢酶(M DH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)同工酶进行了比较研究,并对酶谱表型及位点表达进行了分析。结果表明,硬壳蛤上述组织的EST和M DH同工酶存在不同程度的组织特异性,而LDH没有组织特异性。在EST酶谱中,肝组织染色最深,说明其EST活性最高,这与肝脏为重要的消化腺和解毒器官相适应。在M DH酶谱中发现了s-M DH和m-M DH所形成的谱带,闭壳肌的M DH谱带染色很深,这与肌肉需要由三羧酸循环提供大量ATP相适应。 相似文献
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为研究硬壳蛤形态性状对体质量(Y)、软体质量(Y1)及肥满度(K)的影响,测量硬壳蛤的壳长(X1)、壳宽(X2)、壳高(X3)、体质量(Y)和软体质量(Y1)等指标,并进行相关性分析、多元回归分析和通径分析。结果表明:体质量变异系数最高,壳宽与体质量相关系数最高(0.970)、壳长与软体质量相关系数最高(0.946)、壳长与肥满度相关系数最高(0.203)。壳宽对体质量直接作用最大(0.145)、壳长对软体质量直接作用最大(1.113)、壳长对肥满度直接作用最大(1.752)。形态性状与体质量、软体质量及肥满度的多元回归方程分别为Y=–46.359+0.288X1+1.723X2+0.640X3,R2=0.949;Y1=–6.607+0.301X1+0.157X2–0.161X3, R2=0.901; K=3.159+0.173X1+0.008X2–0.179X3, R2=0.072。壳宽是影响硬壳蛤体质量的主要因素,壳长是影响硬壳蛤软体质量的主要因素,各性状与肥满度回归关系不显著,个体间肥满度差异大。研究结果可为硬壳蛤选育及苗种繁育提供参考。 相似文献
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真鲷、黑鲷及其杂交子代的染色体构成与AFLP分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用核型分析和AFLP技术对真鲷、黑鲷及其杂交子代进行遗传差异分析。结果显示真鲷、黑鲷和杂交子代均含有48条染色体,核型分别为2n=2st+46t,NF=48、2n=4m+4sm+2st+38t,NF=56和2n=30m+8sm+2st+8t=48,NF=86,杂交子代核型与其父、母本种均不一致。两对AFLP选扩引物组合在真鲷、黑鲷和杂交子代中共扩增到278个条带,其中黑鲷特异性条带93条、真鲷特异性条带108条;杂交子代中分别出现了21条父本种(黑鲷)特异条带和67条母本种(真鲷)特异条带,另出现了15条非双亲条带。杂交子代与真鲷、黑鲷的遗传相似系数和遗传距离分别为0.113、0.350和2.180、1.050,表明杂交子代总体上更偏向于母本种。染色体核型和AFLP条带分析结果表明真鲷(♀)×黑鲷(♂)所获得的杂交子代为含有48条染色体的异源二倍体,且父、母本遗传物质在杂交中发生了部分重组,杂交子代表现出一定的偏母系遗传特性。 相似文献
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Abstract. Anaerobic metabolism in the central and marginal portions of the mantle of Mercenaria mercenaria was compared. Anaerobic succinate accumulation was more rapid in the central region. This difference may be due to higher phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the central region. Thus, the central region is more specialized for anaerobic metabolism and the marginal region more for net shell growth. The original rate of succinate accumulation in the mantle is similar in isolated mantles and intact clams, suggesting that mantle succinate production does not require translocation of precursors from other tissues. However, in intact clams, the rate of succinate accumulation in the central region of the mantle slows after four hours. The reduced rate is probably caused by reducing the metabolic rate. Succinate accumulation and shell dissolution are slower in freshly collected clams than in clams that had been stored anaerobically. The difference may be due to induction of PEPCK synthesis during storage. Shell derived calcium did not accumulate in the mantle and, therefore did not alter the intracellular calcium concentration in the mantle. 相似文献
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以海滨香豌豆根尖为材料,用压片法研究了其染色体和核型,结果表明,海滨香豌豆核型为2n=14=6m+8sm。与栽培豌豆染色体数目相同,核型相似。 相似文献
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Don Maurer Richard T. Keck Jeff C. Tinsman Wayne A. Leathem 《Marine environmental research》1981,4(4):299-319
Benthic invertebrates have many characteristics which make them prime candidates for burial studies in dredged material. A major concern in dredging and disposal projects is the effect of burial on the survival of benthic invertebrates. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to determine the ability of estuarine benthos—in particular three species of molluscs (Mercenaria mercenaria, Nucula proxima and Ilyanassa obsoleta)—to migrate vertically in natural and exotic sediments and to determine the survival of benthos when exposed to particular amounts of simulated dredged material.Mortalities generally increased with increased sediment depth, with increased burial time and with overlying sediments whose particle size distribution differed from that of the species native sediment. Temperature affected mortalities and vertical migration. It was concluded that vertical migration is a viable process which can significantly affect rehabilitation of a dredged disposal area. Under certain conditions, vertical migration should be considered, together with larval settling and immigration from outside impacted areas, as a mechanism of recruiting a dredgedump site. 相似文献
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Don Maurer Richard T. Keck Jeff C. Tinsman Wayne A. Leathem 《Marine environmental research》1981,5(4):301-317
Benthic invertebrates have many characteristics which make them prime candidates for burial studies in dredged material. A major concern in dredging and disposal projects is the effect of burial on the survival of benthic invertebrates. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to determine the ability of estuarine benthos—in particular three species of molluscs (Mercenaria mercenaria, Nucula proxima and Ilyanassa obsoleta)—to migrate vertically in natural and exotic sediments and to determine the survival of benthos when exposed to particular amounts of simulated dredged material.Mortalities generally increased with increased sediment depth, with increased burial time and with overlying sediments whose particle size distribution differed from that of the species native sediment. Temperature affected mortalities and vertical migration. It was concluded that vertical migration is a viable process which can significantly affect rehabilitation of a dredged disposal area. Under certain conditions, vertical migration should be considered, together with larval settling and immigration from outside impacted areas, as a mechanism of recruiting a dredgedump site. 相似文献
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采用PHA体内注射──空气干燥制片法初步研究了5种海水鱼类的染色体。核型公式分别为鲻鱼、鲈鱼和黄姑鱼2n=48t,NF=48,其中鲻鱼的t1染色体、鲈鱼的t12染色体及黄姑鱼的t3染色体均为具明显次缢痕染色体,矛尾复虎鱼2n=44,2m+42st、t,NF=46,其t18染色体为具次缢痕染色体;绿鳍马面2n=40t,NF=40,其中t14染色体具次缢痕。 相似文献