甘肃省黑河干流中游地区泉水动态特征及预报

在简述区域水文地质条件的基础上,依据1986～2007年泉水流量系列观测资料,详细论述了区内下降泉、上升泉的年内和多年动态变化特征,对比分析了1967年、1984年、2006年测区各泉域泉水量和泉水总量的时空分布规律和变化特征。利用已有的潜水二维流水量数学模型,推递并建立了利用泉点周围节点水头(水位)预报泉水流量的数学模型,并对测区泉水总量未来15年的变化趋势进行了预报。结果表明,在现状节水灌溉条件下,由于出山径流量的增加和地下水开采量的减少,未来黑河干流中游地区的泉水资源基本处于稳定状态。     

吕梁市泉水流量变化分析

泉水是吕梁市水资源的主要部分,也是山区人畜饮水的主力水源。吕梁市水文勘测分局于2009年春季,对全市的泉水进行勘测调查,介绍了勘测调查中的测验及计算方法,详细分析了调查成果;结果表明,吕梁泉水分布较广,泉水流量小,呈总体减少趋势,泉水水质较好。最后提出加强泉水流量监测的建议。     

岩溶风景泉水资源的分析和评价─—以河南辉县百泉为例

通过对河南辉县百泉泉水流量观测资料的逐步回归分析,确定了天然条件下泉水流量动态的变化规律和影响因素,建立了泉水流量动态的预测方程。以此对１９７９～１９８９年的泉水流量进行了预测,查清了泉水长期干枯的原因;评价了在保护泉水景观前提下的岩溶水开采资源。      

降雪及旅游活动对金佛山表层岩溶泉水化学的影响

金佛山是世界自然遗产,冬季到景区赏雪的游客众多。为探究降雪过程及旅游活动对金佛山表层岩溶泉的影响,本文对2014年12月一次大规模降雪前后的水房泉水化学变化进行高频自动取样监测,获取高分辨率的水化学变化曲线,与大气降水、土壤水及污水的理化特征进行比较,并采用主成分分析法剖析影响泉水化学的主要因素。结果表明泉水理化学指标在降雪的不同阶段表现出显著的动态变化:在积雪初期（2014-12-10至2014-12-14）大部分水化学指标基本稳定;此后至积雪大面积融化前（2014-12-15至2014-12-28）旅游排污量增大,泉水的水温、流量、浊度、盐度以及各项离子含量呈上升趋势,而pH、溶解氧则呈下降趋势,水化学指标变幅大;积雪融化期间,融水补给使泉水溶解氧和浊度上升,其他水化学指标先下降后上升。主成分分析显示旅游活动的污水输入是引起泉水水质变化的首要因素,主成分贡献率达59%;积雪融化的稀释作用能一定程度缓解流域地下水污染状况,是第二影响因素,贡献率31%。      

基于时间序列分析法的岩溶泉水位预测

济南城区岩溶泉是当地主要的供水水源,查明泉水动态规律并科学合理的预测泉水位对于泉域岩溶水资源的开发利用和保护具有重要意义。本文首先应用时间序列分析法将趵突泉和黑虎泉自2012年5月2日至2018年10月31日的逐日水位数据分解为趋势项、周期项和随机项,分析其水位动态变化规律并建立水位预测模型,结果显示泉水位动态在该阶段无显著趋势性;但受降水的影响,泉水位动态变化呈现两个主要的周期,多年性变化（3.2年）和季节性变化;同时由于受到各种无规律干扰因素的影响,泉水位动态呈现随机波动的随机项。其次,利用2018年11月1日至2020年8月24日的逐日泉水位数据验证上述水位预测模型的预测精度,结果表明该模型运行合理,预测效果较好,具有一定的实用价值。最后利用该模型预测了2020年8月25日至2022年10月31日泉水位动态变化,为当地岩溶水资源开发和管理提供了依据。      

山西省岩溶泉水

山西省处于山西台背斜范围之内,出露有寒武奥陶系石灰岩3.5万平方公里。在石灰岩断块隆起山地的深切河谷和断陷盆地的山前地带,出露有流量大于0.1立方米/秒的岩溶泉水89处,其中流量大于1立方米/秒的岩溶泉水25处。总流量达100—125立方米/秒。 这些岩溶泉水的流量稳定、水质良好、流量很大,最大的几个泉水枯季流量高达8—15立方米/秒,可以与世界上最大的泉水相媲美。其中不少泉水已经作为农业灌溉和城市供水的重要水源(据《水经注》记载,晋祠泉水于公元前453年战国时代即开始大规模引泉灌溉,是我国最早修建的灌渠。兰村泉水附近,用虹吸方式每昼夜采取岩溶地     

乌鸦嘴泉水电导率年变动态与地震关系分析

本文通过确立乌鸦嘴泉水电导率正常年动态变化 ,利用典型震例 ,分析乌鸦嘴泉水电导率年变动态与地震关系 ,讨论了引起水电导率年动态变化畸变的原因 ,并认为地震前兆异常是造成乌鸦嘴泉水电导率变化异常的主要原因     

洪山泉流量动态及影响因素分析

以39年洪水泉流量观测资料为基础，对泉水稳定性、变化特征及影响因素进行了探讨分析，结果表明洪水泉39年的泉水流量动态曲线出现了4个高峰、4个低谷，峰谷交替时间间隔周期为8年左右。大气降水是洪水泉水的主要补给来源，对泉水补给存在着8年的滞后期，是控制着泉水的流量的主要因素，随着多年降雨量的减少泉水流量呈下降趋势，采煤及地下水超采改变了地下水的补经排条件，影响了洪水泉水量水质，也是洪水泉流量减少的重要原因，今后应加强洪水泉的保护，进行合理开发以达到可持续利用的目的。     

人类活动对柳林泉域水文过程影响研究

20世纪50年代以后,柳林泉流量日益减少,人类活动成为其衰减的主要原因。通过分阶段应用灰色系统模型,定量地描述人类活动对柳林泉水文过程的影响。第一阶段(1957~1973年),柳林泉水流量只受自然条件的影响,第二阶段(1974~2009年)柳林泉水流量受自然条件和人类活动的双重影响。运用灰色关联分析和GM时滞模型,通过比较分析得到人类活动对柳林泉水文过程的影响。结果显示:人类活动导致泉水流量相对于降水量的时间滞后由0年增长到4年,即地下水压力波在传播过程中受到人类活动的干扰,强度被削弱,传播速度变缓。降水量对泉水流量的灰作用系数由第一阶段的1.127 2×10-2下降到了第二阶段的7.75×10-3,说明由于人类活动使降水量对泉水流量的补给强度减弱。     

灰色理论在新乡百泉泉水流量动态分析中的应用

新乡百泉具有供水、农灌、人文、旅游及生态等多种功能,研究其泉水流量动态,建立泉水流量动态预测模型,对泉域水资源评价和泉水资源保护具有重要意义。为了进一步研究新乡百泉天然状态下泉水流量动态特征、评价泉域岩溶水资源,基于1964—1978年泉水年均实测流量和泉域年均降水量资料,通过逐步回归分析,确定泉水流量的主要影响因素为前1年降水量,并建立了逐步回归模型,其回归效果显著;在逐步回归分析的基础上建立了泉水流量动态预测的GM(1,2)模型、NSGM(1, 2)模型和GM(0, 2)模型。结果表明：1964—1978年百泉泉水流量动态主要受泉域降水控制,且泉水流量滞后降水1年,反映了天然状态下泉水动态特征。3种灰色模型的精度等级均为最高级（优）。1964—1978年百泉泉水实测流量为2.347～6.448 m3/s,平均为3.904 m3/s;逐步回归模型预测值为1.882～6.383 m3/s,平均为3.904 m3/s;GM(1,2)模型预测值为2.327～6.448 m3/s,平均为3.939 m3/s;NSGM(1,2)模型预测值为2.133～6.448 m3/s,平均为3.927 m...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861