长江河口北港北汊河势演变及趋势分析

在分析长江口北港北汊河段实测水文资料及1977-2013年海图基础上,研究近30多年来该河段河势演变趋势及其影响因素。结果表明:(1)历史上,北港北汊河段经历了团结沙与北港北沙的交替更迭;(2)北港北汊是一个典型的复式河槽,其上段1995-2006年以冲刷为主,2006-2013年以淤积为主;中段1995-2013年均以冲刷为主;下段变化不大。(3)洪水导致了北港北汊复式河槽格局的形成,而北槽深水航道北导堤和横沙东滩促淤圈围工程限制了北港落潮水流通过横沙东滩串沟进入北槽,进而导致北港北汊分流增加,是北港北汊发展的重要因素。     

柘林湾多口门潮汐汊道动力地貌的演变

潮汐汊道是连接内湾和外海、维持港口通航和水体交换的枢纽,其演变特征是整个澙湖、海湾地貌体系研究的基础。选取典型多汊型潮汐汊道系统——柘林湾为研究对象,以实测资料和历年海图、地形图为基础,结合SELFE(semi-implicit Eulerian-Lagrangian finite-element)模型,研究多汊型潮汐汊道水动力结构、泥沙运动及自然和人类活动影响下的演变特征。结果显示,20世纪70年代澄饶大联围之前,共享柘林湾125km2纳潮水域的5个汊道同时维持稳定;围垦工程后,西侧2个汇潮口门封闭,纳潮面积减少50%,导致湾内动力减弱,韩江来沙中断,湾外浅滩冲刷,泥沙向湾内输送,30多年来三百门水道显著淤积,小金门稳定,大金门冲淤调整,小门水道淤积不稳。围垦工程后小金门水道的纳潮面积变化甚少,水动力及输沙仍为落潮占优,汊道环流发育,汊道断面冲淤微调,维持稳定;大金门汊道所控制的纳潮面积减小1/3,口门涨、落潮流速不对称性减弱,汊道冲淤调整;小门水道纳潮面积剧减一半以上,汊道延长弯曲,大金门与小门水道的环流结构加剧了该汊道的淤积和不稳定。     

珠江蕉门分汊河口分流比水槽实验研究

作为珠江主要的泄洪排沙口门,珠江蕉门主要承泄西北江的径流和泥沙,与虎门通过横向汊道凫洲水道连通,其分水分沙的比例对粤港澳大湾区防洪及通航安全至关重要。针对凫洲水道分流比问题,本文基于蕉门分汊河口的形态特点及地貌特征,设计系列水槽实验,探究凫洲水道分流比、分流比影响因子及其变化趋势等。结果表明:在保证宽度比、深度比和流量比均相似的情况下,该水槽实验可较高精度地模拟蕉门分汊河口分流比。凫洲水道分流比受到蕉门与虎门共同影响:虎门与蕉门的相对流速比越大,凫洲水道分流比越大,其主汊地位越明显。在现有的地貌特征条件下,凫洲水道主支汊转变的阈值是虎门与蕉门相对流速比,约为0.35。研究成果可为蕉门整治、保障其行洪通航安全等提供参考依据。     

南黄海辐射沙脊群潮汐水道的悬沙输运特征

根据南黄海辐射沙脊群定点站位的流速和浊度数据,利用通量分解方法,分析了潮汐水道的悬沙输运特征和输运机制。结果表明,辐射沙脊群海域潮汐水道中潮流为往复流,悬沙浓度较高,属于强潮流控制的悬沙浓度相对较高的陆架浅海环境;悬沙输运主要受欧拉余流和潮汐捕捉效应控制,再悬浮的沉积物通过平流作用进行输运。其中,陈家坞槽和西洋水道的悬沙输运以潮汐捕捉效应占优,沉积物向潮汐水道外输运,处于冲刷状态;苦水洋水道以欧拉余流输运为主,水道内的再悬浮的沉积物在强潮流作用下向陆输运,主要堆积在蒋家沙和西洋西侧岸滩等浅滩和潮间带上。由此可见,在陆源物质供应减少背景下,南黄海辐射沙脊群内部的物质充当了新的物源,短期内能够维持近岸潮滩和沙脊的持续增长。     

石浦港下湾门水道的水沙运移特征

根据2003年9月5~10日的实测水文泥沙测验资料,对石浦港的主航道——下湾门水道各测站的潮流和悬沙特征进行分析研究。结果表明,研究海域潮流流况主要受地形影响,悬沙运移涨潮大于落潮,泥沙进入石浦港内。对下湾门水道的水沙运移特征进行分析,有助于了解石浦港内水沙运移和冲淤状况。     

辐射沙洲南翼“水道-沙洲”系统与西太阳沙的稳定

通过对江苏岸外辐射沙洲动态和西太阳沙海域动力泥沙环境的分析,论述了西太阳沙演变的宏观背景;由实测固定断面资料、地形资料的对比得出近40年来西太阳沙表面形态和水下地形的变化;结合西太阳沙表面泥沙在波浪和波流共同作用下运动特性的水槽试验研究,分析了西太阳沙冲淤变化的动力机制。从“烂沙洋水道-西太阳沙-西太阳沙南水道”系统的角度研究了西太阳沙演变的控制因素和演变规律。     

长江河口横沙东滩自然演变及工程影响

横沙东滩(含横沙浅滩)是长江河口主要浅滩之一,在浅滩两侧(北港和北槽主槽)水流控制下,受浅滩横比降形成的过滩水流和较强的风浪作用影响,滩面长期以来少有淤涨。通过对1995～2002年的地形资料(吴淞基面)进行研究分析表明:从总体上看随着北港主槽向南岸进逼,造成横沙东滩窜沟西部到白条子沙之间的滩区北沿明显内凹;随着长江口深水航道治理双导堤工程的实施,在北导堤产生的堵汊、导流和拦沙的作用下,白条子沙至横沙东滩沟滩面出现微淤;而横沙东滩窜沟以东滩面难以淤高。采用促淤工程和就近吹泥上滩方式,增加横沙东滩的滩面高程以加快造地,从而达到既疏浚航道又增加湿地面积的双赢效果。     

长江口北支潮流沉积物磁性特征与沉积环境分析

通过对兴隆沙 XL1 孔沉积物磁性特征的研究,为揭示潮汐河口潮流沉积物的磁性特征和建立长江口沉积相序提供新的手段,并在拓展环境磁学的应用领域方面进行有益的探索.研究表明:该地区沉积物的磁性矿物以低矫顽力亚铁磁性矿物为主;当χ、SIRM和χfd%、χARM 同处于低值时,反映细晶粒磁铁矿优先溶解,晶粒粗化,可作为还原环境的判据,而在近地表环境下 SIRM / χ、Bcr 和 HIRM 的高值,以及 S-100mT 的低值,一般显示赤铁矿、针铁矿的含量相对较高,可以作为氧化环境的标志.可用χfd%、χARM等参数值的大小来判别长江口北支水动力强弱.按磁化率等磁参数曲线的变化特征将 XL1 孔自下而上划分出 3 个磁性层.同时,参照沉积物的粒度特征和有孔虫分析结果,探讨了兴隆沙沉积环境自下而上的演变序列为:潮流沙脊→潮汐水道→潮滩.     

长江口南港底沙输移及其对南、北槽分汊口的影响

以1958年以来浏河口至横沙水文站之间南港系列水下地形图数字化分析资料为基础，以成形活动沙洲和隐形活动沙包作为底沙推移的判别标志，研究底沙输移规律，底沙输移对南港河槽分化和南、北槽分汊演变趋势的影响。研究结果表明长江口底沙活动范围向口门地区推移，底沙绝大部分进入南槽。     

南黄海苏北近岸西洋水道水沙输运机制分析

基于2008 年3 月份在南黄海辐射沙脊群西洋水道内5 个站位大潮期间的观测数据（包括流速与悬沙质量浓度的垂向剖面）, 利用机制分解法计算了西洋水道内的水与悬沙通量。结果表明, 水体在多数时段内均处于分层向混合过渡的状态, 中下层水体的理查德森数（Ri）与瞬时悬沙输运量中的平均流输沙项及流速的潮周期变化相关项之间存在显...     

山东莱州浅滩地区沉积特征与沉积作用

通过系统采集海底表层沉积样品进行粒度测试分析,对现代莱州浅滩地区的沉积类型、粒度特征、泥沙搬运方式、运移趋势及沉积动力、沉积机制进行了研究。结果表明,莱州浅滩是形成于松散碎屑堆积海岸岬角岸外的砂砾质水下沙洲／沙脊,它的形成深刻改变了浅滩地区原有的沉积动力和机制,在浅滩两侧海域各自形成了大致对称的潮余环流,分别与两个主要...     

厦门海沧进港航道口门浅滩的形成与演变

本文报道了九龙江口口门浅滩地貌，沉积特征和水文泥沙特性，探讨了九龙江口口门浅滩特别是厦门海沧进港航道（即鸡屿北水道）口门浅滩的形成与演变。结果表明，厦门海沧进港航道口门浅滩是在江流，海潮，咸淡水交汇等多种因素综合作用和影响下形成的，其冲淤演变过程与屿河口沙坝不断淤积扩大有着直接的关系。     

扬子浅滩沙波底形活动性评估

扬子浅滩位于长江口以东,水深40 m左右,普遍发育中小水下沙丘并处于运动状态。按32片沙波参数统计,迁移方向在90°~180°之间,其中150°~180°者占30%,120°~150°者占69%;使用Rubin和改进的Hardisty公式计算,以潮流作用为主的常态海况下,沙波迁移率为19.70 m/a,以浪流为主的暴风浪期间,约为12.72 m/a,一年总迁移率约为32.4 m/a,与世界上若干海底沙波定位观测数据相对比,这一迁移率应属于缓慢—中等的量级。     

潮间浅滩泥沙运移的现场观测和冲淤量的估算

首先介绍了在潮间浅滩观测泥沙远移的两种新工具──标志桩和沉沙盘的基本结构、工作原理和使用方法。然后通过实例阐明了利用标志桩、沉沙盘观测资料研究潮间浅滩冲淤变化及冲淤量估算的途径及方法。     

Influence of Spur Dike on Hydrodynamic Exchange Between Channel and Shoal of Generalization Estuary in Physical Model Test

Widely applied in maintaining estuarial waterway depth, the spur dike has played an important role in currents and sediment exchange between channel and shoal and sediment back-silting in the channel. Through establishing a generalized physical model at a bifurcated estuary and conducting current tests under the joint action of runoff and tide, the influence of the spur dike length on current exchange between channel and shoal is analyzed. Results show that when the spur dike length reaches a certain value, the direction of the flow velocity shear front between the channel and shoal will change. The longer the spur dike, the larger the transverse fluctuating velocity at the peak of flood in the channel shoal exchange area, while the transport of the transverse hydrodynamics is obvious in the process of flood. There is an optimum length of spur dike when the shear stress in the channel and the longitudinal velocity in flood and ebb reach the maximum, and the flow velocity will decrease when the spur dike length is smaller or larger than the optimum. For a certain length of spur dike, the larger the channel shoal elevation difference, the larger the peak longitudinal flow velocity in the middle of the navigation channel in flood and ebb. However, the transverse flow velocity will first decrease and then increase. The transverse transportation is obvious when the channel shoal elevation difference increases.     

Oolitic shoal complexes characterization of the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field,Northeast Sichuan Basin,China

The Yuanba Gas Field is the second largest natural gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. The vast majority of the natural gas reserve is from the Permian Changhsingian reef complexes and Lower Triassic Feixianguan oolitic shoal complexes. To better understand this reservoir system, this study characterizes geological and geophysical properties, spatial and temporal distribution of the oolitic shoal complexes and factors that control the oolitic shoals character for the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in the Yuanba Gas Field. Facies analysis, well-seismic tie, well logs, seismic character, impedance inversion, and root mean square (RMS) seismic attributes distinguish two oolitic shoal complex facies – FA-A and FA-B that occur in the study area. FA-A, located in the middle of oolitic shoal complex, is composed of well-sorted ooids with rounded shape. This facies is interpreted to have been deposited in shallow water with relatively high energy. In contrast, FA-B is located in flanks of the oolitic shoal complex, and consists of poorly sorted grains with various shape (rounded, subrounded and subangular). The oolitic shoal complexes were mainly deposited along the platform margin. From the early Fei 2 Member period to the late Fei 2 Member period, the oolitic shoals complexes on the platform margin gradually migrated from the southwest to the northeast with an extent ranging from less than 100 km²–150 km² in the Yuanba Gas Field. The migration of oolitic shoals coincided with the development of a series of progradational clinoforms, suggesting that progradational clinoforms caused by sea-level fall maybe are the main reason that lead to the migration of oolitic shoals. Finally, this study provide an integrated method for the researchers to characterize oolitic shoal complexes by using well cores, logs, seismic reflections, impedance inversion, and seismic attribute in other basins of the world.     

Evolution of waves and currents over a submerged laboratory shoal

The vertically-integrated effect of interaction between waves and wave-induced currents on wave transformation over a submerged elliptic shoal was investigated based on numerical simulations of the Vincent and Briggs experiment [Vincent, C.L., Briggs, M.J., 1989. Refraction- diffraction of irregular waves over a mound. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, 115(2), pp. 269–284.]. The numerical simulations were performed using two numerical wave-current model systems: one, a combination of the wave model SWAN and the current model SHORECIRC, and the other, a combination of the wave model REF/DIF and the same current model. A time-dependent, phase-resolving wave and current model, FUNWAVE, was also utilized to simulate the experiment. In the simulations, the developed wave-induced currents defocused waves behind the shoal and brought on a wave shadow zone that showed relatively low wave height distributions. For the breaking case of monochromatic waves, the wave heights computed using FUNWAVE showed good agreement with the measurements and the resulting wave-induced currents showed a jet-like velocity distribution in transverse direction. And the computed results of the two model combinations agreed better with the measurements than the computed results obtained by neglecting wave-current interaction. However, it was found that for the case in which transverse interference pattern caused by refracted waves was strong, REF/DIF-SHORECIRC did not correctly evaluate radiation stresses, the gradients of which generate wave-induced currents. SWAN-SHORECIRC, which cannot deal with the interference patterns, predicted a jet-like wave-induced current. For breaking random wave cases, the computed results of the two model combinations and FUNWAVE agreed well with the measurements. The agreements indicate that it is necessary to take into account the effect of wave-induced current on wave refraction when wave breaking occurs over a submerged shoal.     

潮间带地形测量的新途径

潮间带,特别是宽阔的浅滩或淤泥滩地带是海洋测绘中的困难地带。本文提出用ＤＧＰＳ定位结合杆测水深的地形测量方法,代替常规水深地形测量方法,使潮间带水深地形测量变得越来越简便快速。     

Community diversity of bacteria in digestive tract of mud snail (Bullacta exarata Philippi) and its rearing shoal

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登州浅滩地貌近期演变研究

在野外实际测量和历史资料与图件收集的基础上,以地理信息系统技术为支持对大量数据进行了计算分析;应用数学插值等方法,计算分析了登州浅滩近期变化情况,分析研究了地貌形态演变原因,并对其以后的演变规律做出了预测。研究结果表明,在不受人为影响的前提下,按自然规律,登州浅滩在人为大规模破坏后将进入一个长期的缓慢的恢复过程。伴随着浅滩物质总量的恢复,其形态也向着挖沙前的自然状态演变,但是变化缓慢。