4．0％NaCl水溶液临界区域内白钨矿溶解度实验测定

溶解度的临界异常现象是超临界流体萃取技术的理论基础,目前在食品、化工等领域已得到广泛应用,但在地质领域的应用相对较少。在地质流体临界区域内金属矿物溶解度的变化行为尚需实验查明。本文在34MPa 恒压、250℃～470℃条件下和420℃恒温、压力为20～50MP 条件下分别在快速淬火高压釜中实验测定了化学试剂白钨矿在4.0%NaCl 水溶液中的溶解度。4.0%NaCl 水溶液的临界温度和临界压力分别约为411℃和31.4MPa。在34MPa 恒压条件下,白钨矿的溶解度随体系温度的升高而缓慢增大,但在体系临界温度附近突然出现极大值现象。在34MPa 恒压和温度在250℃～400℃区间内白钨矿与 WO_3在4.0%NaCl 水溶液中的溶解度(单位为 mmol/L)基本相同,这表明溶解态钨在热液流体中的存在形式可能相同。在420℃恒温条件下,白钨矿的溶解度随体系压力的升高而增大,在体系临界压力附近可能出现涨落现象,有待进一步实验查证。在4.0%NaCl 水溶液临界区域内,白钨矿的溶解度对体系温度和压力的变化反应敏感,表明白钨矿的溶解度在热液流体临界区域内具有临界异常现象。结合前人研究结果发现,白钨矿、石英、WO_3、MoO_3等物质在热液流体中的溶解度变化行为基本相似,即溶解度随体系温度和压力的升高而增大,在临界区域内出现临界异常现象。矿物溶解度的临界异常现象对揭示热液型钨矿床成矿物质的萃取、迁移和沉淀富集机制具有重要意义。     

淳安县四百多名村级国土协管员活跃在田头地角

在我省地域面积最大的淳安县。有四百多名的村级国土协管员分布在4427平方公里的范围内,常年工作生活在农村,活跃在田头地角,上门入户宣传国土政策,公正公平调解土地纠纷,义不容辞保护基本农田,责无傍待做好地灾防治工作。不但充当了国土部门的千里眼、顺风耳。而且成了保护国土资源的一支生力军。在全县425个行政村,公开选拔聘用村级国土协管员,     

第四纪研究的过去、现在和将来——参加ⅩⅢ届INQUA大会学部委员座谈纪要

今年8月,在北京召开了国际第四纪研究联合会第十三届大会,这是INQUA首次在中国举办的大会。这样的会议能在中国召开,也是李四光先生等老一辈科学家的宿愿。记得我们在1961年参加华沙Ⅵ届INQUA大会前,李先生对我们说:“这样的会议将来总会有一天在中国召开”。但是,当时我国还没有恢复在联合国的席位,其他方面也不具备组织这类会议的条件。     

华夏龙谱(41)——中国双嵴龙(Dilophosaurus sinensis)

1987年8月,云南省昆明市博物馆恐龙发掘队在晋宁县夕阳彝族乡下禄丰组地层中,发掘出了一具属于古脚类的云南龙化石,当地村民纷纷前来围观。有村民告诉发掘队,这种骨头化石在木杵榔村青龙山也有,在村民指引下,果然在一小冲沟里发现了恐龙骨架化石,经几天挖掘,揭露出两具纠缠在一起的恐龙化石:一条兽足类恐龙正咬住一条古脚类恐龙的尾巴。其兽足类恐龙属双嵴龙。虽然双嵴龙化石早在1942年就在美国的亚利桑纳州下侏罗统地层中已有出土,但在亚洲则是首次发现。分类:蜥臀目(Saurischia),兽脚亚目(Theropoda),腔骨龙超科(Ceolophysoidae)。特征:…     

气候变暖背景下内蒙古大兴安岭生态功能区冷暖急转气候特征

1961-2015年内蒙古大兴安岭生态功能区气候变暖趋势明显,其气温突变年份为1987年。在气候变暖的背景下,生态功能区的严寒和寒冷日数在突变前呈减少趋势、在突变后呈增加趋势,表明突变后冬季冷天日数并没有明显减少趋势;炎热和温暖日数在突变后呈极显著增加趋势,而暖天日数突变前后变化较为平缓。综合来看,在气候变暖的背景下气温突变后高温日数增加要显著多于低温日数增加。过渡期日数变化趋势特征表明,严寒炎热过渡期、寒冷温暖过渡期和冷暖过渡期在突变后明显变短,生态功能区冷暖急转现象尤为明显。在历年尺度上,冷暖过渡期日数变化随着温度范围的扩大而减少幅度在加大。     

重金属的“射流晕”分布现象及其环境学意义

射流晕是一种地球化学次生晕。无论在金属矿的上方还是在石油层的上方都普遍存在有重金属元素的射流晕分布现象。射流晕的形成主要与迁移态的元素有关 ,其特点主要表现在两个方面 :一是迁移距离远 ,可以直达地表 ;其次是在源的上方近于垂直分布。因此通过对地表重金属射流晕的研究 ,可以更准确地确定金属源的位置。射流晕的形成机制可能与地球的排气作用有关。由于地球内部含有丰富的气体 ,在地球的排气过程中 ,源于地球深部的重金属元素有可能在气泡作用下穿过深厚的岩层迁移到地表甚至近地表的大气中。在重金属地质污染源的上方同样也可能形成重金属的射流晕分布 ,因此研究重金属的射流晕现象在环境研究中有重要意义。本文讨论了重金属射流晕的特征、形成机制以及在环境研究中的意义。     

强化督导 全面整改 完善机制 省2010年度土地矿产卫片执法检查工作电视电话会议在郑州召开

4月29日．河南省2010年度土地矿产卫片执法检查工作电视电话会议在郑州召开。全省18个省辖市主管副市长、省国土资源厅在郑厅领导、各处室负责人在主会场参加了会议,各省辖市国土资源局有关人员在分会场分别参加了会议。会议由省政府副秘书长胡五岳主持。副省长张大卫出席会议并作了重要讲话。     

时空 人物 落点——凤凰网2012年“两会”新闻策划评析

近年来在媒介融合趋势、网络媒体等的影响下,会议报道的形式更丰富,媒体对新闻资源的争夺也更激烈。而对于两会的报道,一向是重中之重。在2012年两会报道中,各路媒体在时效性、新闻呈现形式上的表现旗鼓相当。在这一背景下,出色的新闻策划能力便成为在信息海战中突出重围、亮出特色的有力武器。     

天津：地热开发攻破世界两大难题

阅读提示： 北方的供暖季,雾霾频频造访。于是,地热这一清洁能源逐渐受到关注。实际上,在天津,地热资源的开发利用已经走在世界前列,技术上先后攻破了基岩和孔隙型热储回灌两大世界难题,形成了在保护中开发、在开发中保护的良好机制。     

泥浆在地层中的渗透特性试验研究

保持开挖孔（槽）的稳定性是泥浆在地下连续墙、钻孔灌注桩及泥水盾构工法等工程中最重要的作用,是通过泥浆在地层表面形成泥皮,使得泥浆压力平衡地层的土水压力实现的。其中,泥皮的形成是泥浆在地层中的渗透问题。为了探讨泥浆在地层中的渗透规律,采用多组性质不同的泥浆在多种渗透性不同的地层中开展泥浆在地层中的渗透试验,系统地展示了泥浆在地层中不同的渗透现象。渗透完成后泥浆颗粒在地层表面的堆积形态可以分为：泥皮型、泥皮+渗透带型、无泥皮或渗透带3种类型,并且泥浆在地层中的渗透曲线的类型与泥浆颗粒在地层表面的堆积形态的类型有一定的对应关系。泥浆在地层中的渗透试验过程中渗透流量的大小,不仅可以反映泥浆的渗透类型,还可以作为判断是否形成泥皮的标准。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861