白云鄂博矿床稀土矿物稳定同位素特征及其意义

稀土元素是白云鄂博矿床最有特色的矿产。本文在详细讨论了稀土矿物氧、碳同位素制样方法的基础上，对矿床中晚期脉、白云石型矿石、萤石型矿石中的主要稀土矿物进行了系统的氧、碳同位素分析。其中，晚期脉中的氟碳酸盐矿物的碳、氧同位素值较低，具有幔源热液结晶的特点；白云岩型矿石中氟碳铈矿δ１３Ｃ在－１．１‰～－３．４‰，δ１８Ｏ在８．６‰～１２．０‰；独居石δ１８Ｏ在５．７‰～１１．４‰，磷灰石δ１８Ｏ在６．３‰～９．４‰；萤石型矿石中氟碳铈矿δ１３Ｃ在－５．２‰～－５．８‰，δ１８Ｏ在３．６‰～５．５‰；独居石δ１８Ｏ在３．５‰～４．５‰。结合矿床地质特征分析，矿区萤石型矿石和晚期脉的形成可能与深源热液有关；而白云岩中的稀土矿化作用则表现出多源多期次的特点     

苏州A型花岗岩氢氧同位素地球化学研究

对苏州Ａ型花岗岩氢氧同位素组成进行了系统深入的研究,其全岩δ１８Ｏ值为＋３．５‰～＋９．２‰,全岩δＤ值在－８１‰～－５９‰之间变化。主要造岩矿物对保持氧同位素平衡分馏的样品,其Ｄ亏损主要受单阶段岩浆去气机理的制约。部分全岩样品表现出不同程度Ｄ－１８Ｏ同步亏损,这种亏损要受岩浆期后固相线下与外来渗透大气降水之间进行同位素交换机理的制约。石英δ１８Ｏ值基本正常,石英与碱性长石之间氧同位素不平衡分馏特征表明,苏州Ａ型花岗岩整体上起源于亏损１８Ｏ源区物质通过地球动力学再循环产生低δ１８Ｏ岩浆的可能性不大。根据氢氧同位素实测值和理论模型计算结果,推测苏州Ａ型花岗岩浆δＤ和δ１８Ｏ初始值分别为－５０±５‰和７．５±１．０‰,这排除了岩浆起源于曾经历过化学风化循环的地壳上部岩石的可能性。     

韩国中生代花岗岩氧同位素组成

韩国中生代花岗质岩，根据其时代、产状、岩石化学特征，分为早侏罗－早白垩世的大宝花岗岩和晚白垩－早第三的佛国侍花岗岩。大宝花岗岩的δ＾１８Ｏ值为＋５．０－＋１０．０‰（平均值为８．２‰），佛国寺花岗岩的δ＾１８Ｏ值为＋２．４－４９．１‰（平均值为＋７．０‰）。δ＾１８Ｏ值的大范围变化，表明了在岩浆期后蚀变作用过程中，花岗岩中进入了＾１８Ｏ亏损的天水。可用石英δ＾１８Ｏ、ＳｉＯ２、ＴｉＯ２和Ｓｒ的含量     

下庄铀矿田成矿热液的水源研究

在分析下庄铀矿田成矿地质背景的基础上，根据包体水氢、氧同位素组成和水－岩相互作用原理对该矿田成矿热液的水源进行了详细探讨。其结果表明，下庄铀成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成δ１８Ｏ＝＋６．９０‰～－９．８０‰（ＳＭＯＷ）、δＤ＝－３０‰～－８５‰（ＳＭＯＷ）位于已发生氧漂移的大气降水同位素组成范围。水－岩同位素交换后，岩石的δ１８Ｏ值明显降低，显示出与岩石相互作用的古地下水具有相当低的δ１８Ｏ值。不同水－岩比值条件下同位素交换结果证明下庄成矿古水热系统具有比较充足的水源，大气降水与岩石交换后热液的δ１８Ｏ计算（－８．２６‰～＋１．５３‰）与成矿期热液的δ１８Ｏ值（－６．５４‰～＋１．４３‰）相吻合。证据表明下庄铀矿田成矿热液的水源主要来自大气降水。     

青藏高原东北地区现代降水中δD与δ^18O的关系研究

根据对取自青藏高原东北地区部分降水样中氢氧稳定同位素比率的分析，得到沱沱河站的大气水线（ＭＷＬ）为：δＤ＝８．２５δ＾１８Ｏ＋９．２２‰，与全球平均ＭＷＬ的差别较小；德令哈、西宁站的ＭＷＬ分别为：δＤ＝５．８６δ＾１８Ｏ－２７．２８‰和δＤ＝６．９６δ＾１８Ｏ－３０．１９‰，均与全球平均ＭＷＬ差别较大。这主要归因于水汽源地的非平衡蒸发和凝结物在非饱和大气中降落时的非平衡蒸发。上述地区的过量氘Ｅｘｄ     

五台山地区韧性剪切带型金矿成因

五台山地区韧性剪切带型金矿分布于晚太古代碰撞造山带中，与世界许多太古宙绿岩带型金矿具有相似的特征。研究表明：成矿流体的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝－２．１‰～４．９‰，δＤ＝－６９‰～－１１２‰，蚀变碳酸盐矿物的δ１３ＣＰＤＢ＝－２．０‰～－１．４‰，δ１８ＯＳＭＯＷ＝１０．０‰～２０．０‰；载金黄铁矿的δ３４Ｓ＝－３．７‰～５．６‰。成矿前流体具有中—高盐度，成矿期流体以富含ＣＯ２、近似海水的δ１８Ｏ和海相碳酸盐的δ１３Ｃ值，成矿后流体具有较高的盐度及可变的δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ、δ１３Ｃ值。这种金矿成矿流体很难与某单一流体源相对应，它反映的多是变质流体与海盆地铁镁质岩石在成岩过程中饱含的热卤水混合的结果。综合有关资料，提出本区韧性剪切带型金矿形成于太古宙末期汇聚型地球动力学背景下的弧－陆、陆－陆碰撞过程中，金矿化作用和分布受碰撞构造边界的大规模逆冲型韧性剪切带控制。     

焦家式金矿水－岩交换作用─—成矿流体氢氧同位素组成研究

焦家式金矿位于胶东半岛西北部，矿体赋存于花岗片麻岩－花岗闪长岩类岩石断裂带内，呈破碎黄铁绢英岩化浸染状矿石。矿体中均伴有富含金的成矿前、后中基性脉岩。成矿作用包括乳白色块状黄铁矿石英和（或）伟晶石英脉阶段、含金硫化物石英阶段和方解石石英阶段。三个阶段石英δ￣（１２）Ｏ值平均为１２．４‰、１３．２‰和１４．４‰。计算的石英δ￣（１８）Ｏ＿（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）值平均分别为４．７‰、３．５‰和３．５‰。三个阶段石英流体包裹体水δＤ＿（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）值平均分别为－７３‰、－８０‰和－９２‰。经反演计算，提出成矿流体是中生代大气降水（δ￣（１８）Ｏ＝－１５．５‰，δＤ＝－１１５‰）与５ｋｍ以下深部中基性岩在３５０～４００℃时，有效Ｗ／Ｒ比值从０．０１至０．０５之间交换作用形成。     

中国东南陆缘区中生代膨润土矿床同位素地球化学研究

本文列述了８个膨润土矿床的２３个不同属性蒙脱石的氢、氧和硅同位素分析结果。其中，钠基蒙脱石δＤ值为－７１‰～－８０‰和δ１８Ｏ值为１０．９‰～１４．６‰；钙基或铝（氢）基蒙脱石δＤ值为－５０‰～－７０‰和δ１８Ｏ值为１５．１‰～１８．１‰；它们的δ３０Ｓｉ值－０．３‰～＋０．３‰。通过这些同位素示踪判别并结合矿床地质特征，提出了该区中生代陆相膨润土属低温热液蚀变成因及其在现代（近代）环境水的再作用下天然改型过程的新的同位素证据。     

吉林省金城洞地区金矿类型及成因

吉林省金城洞地区是吉林省夹皮沟－金城洞金矿成矿带的重要组成之一,该区金矿发育,按春产出的地质背景可划分为两类：一类为产于晚太古宙绿岩带变质岩系中的金矿;一类为产于花岗岩侵入体中的金矿,两类金矿容矿构造均为中生代（７５Ｍａ～１４５Ｍａ）脆性断裂,矿脉均以石英脉型为主,矿床氢氧同位素组成为δＤ＝－８７‰～－９２‰,δ＾１８ＯＨ２ｘｏ＝＋２‰～＋５．２６‰,硫同位素δ＾３４Ｓ为＋０．６‰～＋４．８‰,其     

下庄铀矿田成矿热液的水源研究

在分析下庄铀矿田成矿地质背景的基础上，根据包体水氢、氧同位素组成和水－岩相互作用原理对该矿田成矿热液的水源进行了详细探讨。其结果表明，下庄铀成矿热液的氢、氧同位素组成δ＾１８Ｏ＝＋６．９０‰－９．８０‰（ＳＭＯＷ）、δＯ＝－３０－８５‰（ＳＭＯＷ）位于已发生氧漂移的大气降水同位素组成范围。水－岩同位素交换后，岩石的δ＾１８Ｏ值明显降低，显著出与岩石相互作用的古地下水具有相当低的δ＾１８Ｏ值。不同水     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861