蒙古裸腹Sao染色体组型研究

本文对驯养于实验室自然海水的蒙古裸腹Sao(Moina mongolica Daday)染色体进行了分析、研究。结果表明：蒙古裸腹Sao染色体数目为n=12,2n=24,其中10条为中部着丝点染色体,2条为亚中部着丝点染色体,12条为端部着丝点染色体,总臂数NF＝36,其核型公式为2N＝10M＋2SM＋12T。本文还与Sao属（Daphnia)6个种类的染色体形态进行了比较,并对蒙古裸腹Sao孤雌生殖与两性生殖及性转化的问题开展了讨论。     

温度和盐度对蒙古裸腹溞发育的影响

利用１９８２年采自晋南硝池的蒙古裸腹溞,进行室内培养和观察,研究温度和盐度对其胚胎发育的影响。结果表明：蒙古裸腹溞在２０－３３℃温度和在５－４０盐度条件下的胚胎发育时间为３８－９７ｈ,胚后发育存在３个幼龄和４－９个成龄,幼龄的龄期均短于成龄;在２０－３０℃范围内,随温度升高蒙古裸腹溞的胚胎发育时间趋短,幼龄和成龄的龄期以及溞的寿命和最大体长明显降低,３０℃后升温对溞发育的影响明显减弱;５－４０的盐度对蒙古裸腹溞的胚胎发育时间、胚后发育的龄数和龄期影响均不显著,但该溞在５－１０盐度下寿命较长,个体也较大。上述结果显示蒙古裸腹溞发育的最适温度和盐度分别为２８℃和１０,并且该溞的胚后发育时间相对较西班牙盐水裸腹溞短。     

若干生态因子对蒙古裸腹溞生殖方式转变效应的实验

实验室中，以不同种群密度、变温、饥饿、及改变盐度为诱发条件，研究蒙古裸腹溞有性生殖和休眠卵的产生规律.实验结果表明种群密度是改变生殖方式和诱导产生休眠卵的最重要条件.当种群密度在1.4个/cm     

多刺裸腹溞染色体实验研究

本文分别对采自深圳盐田实验基地和厦门九龙江口水域的多刺裸腹（Moinamacocopa）染色体作了分析研究。结果表明：上述两地区的多刺裸腹染色体数目均为2n＝22，染色体形态、大小无明显差异。根据外部形态的比较和遗传特性的分析，可判明两海区出现的多刺裸腹未产生地理上的生态隔离现象，均为亚热带水域同种类型的生物种群。     

多世代培养蒙古裸腹溞生长与生殖的比较

本文对蒙古裸腹（MoinamongolicaDaday）一休眠卵所孵化的孤雌生殖个体进行连续15个世代的培养,最终统计、比较不同世代的生长与生殖。结果表明：（1）蒙古裸腹孤雌生殖雌体的体长与日龄呈正对数相关关系,其平均寿命为8．4±5．5d,87．5％的寿命在两周以内。蒙古裸腹产幼前发育期通常为6～7d;一生平均繁殖1胎,每胎产8．2±4．0只幼体。（2）不同世代蒙古裸腹的平均生殖量和净生殖率（R0）随世代数的增加而呈现出衰退趋势;其生长、繁殖次数、内禀增长能力（rm）、世代平均周期（T）以及增长的周限速率（λ）随世代数的不同而有所波动,但与世代数没有明显的相关性。     

四种常用药物对蒙古裸腹溞的毒性研究

本文研究了孔雀石绿、硫酸铜、甲醛以及高锰酸钾对蒙古裸腹溞 96小时的急性毒性,结果表明:蒙古裸腹溞对四种药物的敏感性顺序为：硫酸铜>孔雀绿>高锰酸钾>甲醛。96小时的安全浓度分别为:0.00710-6,0.024210-6,0.4410-6,12.8310-6。     

多刺裸腹Zao染色体实验研究

本文分别对采自深圳盐田实验基地和厦门九龙江口水域的多刺裸胜利Ｚａｏ染色体作了分析研究。结果表明：上述两地区的多刺裸腹Ｚａｎｏ染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２２，染色休形态、大小无明显差异。根据外部形态的比较和遗传特性的分析，可判明两海区出现的多刺裸腹Ｚａｏ未产生地理上的生态隔离现象，均为亚热带水域同种类型的生物种群。     

温度和盐度对蒙古裸腹蚤发育的影响

利用１９８２年采自晋南硝池的蒙古裸腹蚤,进行室内培养和观察,研究温度和盐度对其胚胎发育的影响。结果表明：蒙古裸腹蚤在２０～３３℃温度和在５－４０盐度条件下的胚胎发育时间为３８－９７ｈ,胚后发育存在３个幼龄和４－９个成龄,幼龄的龄期均短于成龄;在２０－３０℃范围内,随温度升高蒙古裸腹蚤的胚胎发育时间趋短,幼龄和成龄的龄期以及蚤的寿命和最大体长明显降低,３０℃后升温对蚤发育的影响明显减弱;５－４０的盐     

Toxic effect of dinoflagellate Alexandrium species on Cladocera Moina mongolica Daday

The main objective of this study was to investigate toxic effects of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium species,on cladocera Moina mongolica in the laboratory.Ten strains of Alexandrium species,including Alexandrium tamarense(AT-6,ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03 and AT5-1),A.catenella(ACDH),A.affine(AC-1 and AS-1),A.lusitanicum and A.minutum were tested.The results showed that A.tamarense(ATHK,ATCI02 and AT5-1) and A.affine(AC-1 and AS-1),but not A.tamarense(AT-6 and ATCI02),A.catenella(ACDH),A.lusitanicum and A.minutum had significantly negative effects on the survival of M.mongolica;when exposed to these ten strains of Alexandrium species in densities of 3 000 cells/cm 3 for 7 d,respecyively.M.mongolica could feed on A.tamarense(AT-6,ATHK,ATCI02,ATCI03 and AT5-1),A.catenella,A.lusitanicum and A.minutum,but exhibited little or no grazing on A.affine(AC-1 and AS-1),based on the changes in gut pigment after exposure to alga for 1 and 12 h.A.affine AC-1,which had the strongest toxicity on the survival of M.mongolica,was chosen to further study the negative effects on M.mongolica.The results showed that the effect of A.affine AC-1 on the survival of M.mongolica was density-dependent,and its lethal effects on one-day,two-day and three-day old M.mongolica were exacerbated with increasing age;The whole algal culture,re-suspended algal cells,cell fragments and cell contents all had adverse impacts on the survival of M.mongolica.Moreover,both juvenile numbers and life-span time of M.mongolica were decreased significantly when they were cultured in A.affine AC-1 of 10 and 50 cells/cm 3 ,combined with 3 × 10 6 cells/cm 3 of Chlorella spp.,respectively.As a non-PSP producer,A.affine may produce other toxins,responsible for the strong negative effects on M.mongolica.     

Karyological analysis of the sea cicada Blepharipoda liberate Shen from the Rizhao intertidal zone,China

Blepharipoda liberate Shen is a commercially valuable seafood species that has important ecological signi?cance in Shandong Province, China. Although B. liberate is crustacean, its external characteristics are not entirely those of shrimps or crabs. The question of whether B. liberate is a shrimp or a crab has been debated in recent years. We studied the karyotype of B. liberate by light microscopy using air-drying and spreading methods. We obtained mitotic chromosomal plates from B. liberate larvae, and from adult B. liberate females subsequent to egg-laying. The results revealed that B. liberate has 53 pairs of chromosomes(i.e., n =53 and 2 n =106), a characteristic shared with four species of crab. The karyogram of B. liberate consists of 25 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, 11 subtelocentric and 3 telocentric pairs. We did not ?nd any heteromorphosis sex chromosomes. Tissue from larvae, gills and ovaries can be used for chromosomal investigations, and we found similar lampbrush chromosomes in ovary cells. Comparatively speaking, larvae tissue is more practical, and ovary tissue is more suitable for the preparation of lampbrush chromosomes. B. liberate is more closely related to crabs than to shrimps, based on the numbers of chromosomes. The B. liberate karyotype reported here provides a basis for further comparative cytogenetic studies of species populations.     

云纹石斑鱼染色体核型研究

采用PHA体内培养肾细胞制片法对云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara(Temminck etSchlegel))核型进行研究,表明其染色体核型为2n=2st 46t,臂数NF=50。结合已有报道,显示石斑鱼类染色体形态存在一定程度的多样性。     

多齿围沙蚕Perinereis nuntia(Savigny,1818)染色体组型

以多齿围沙蚕Perinereis nuntia(Savigny,1818)幼体为材料,研究染色体组型,2n=28,NF=56,其中中部着丝点(m)染色体4对;亚中部着丝点(sm)染色体10对。     

日本蟳核型分析

以鳃、肝胰腺、心脏、精巢、成熟卵、各期胚胎及溞状幼体等为材料,采用空气干燥法对日本(女寻)(Charybdis japonica)的染色体数目和核型进行了研究.结果表明,发育期的精巢最适宜进行日本(女寻)染色体计数,用眼点期之后的胚胎和溞状幼体制片,适宜做核型分析.日本(女寻)染色体的数目是2,n=114,n=57.核型分析显示,日本(女寻)有中部着丝粒染色体(m)共计17对(第1～17号),亚中部着丝粒染色体(sm)7对(第18～24号),亚端部着丝粒染色体(st)仅1对(第25号),端部着丝粒染色体(t)共计32对(第26～57号).日本(女寻)的核型公式为:2 n=114=34m+14sm+2st+64t,染色体臂数NF=164,未能发现异形性染色体的存在.     

小荚蛏的核型分析

以小荚蛏(Siliqua minimai Gmelin)担轮幼虫为材料,采用热滴片法进行染色体制备和核型分析。结果表明,小荚蛏二倍体染色体数目为2n=38,核型公式为2n=12m 14sm 10st 2t,染色体臂数(NF)=64,未发现性染色体和随体。与已经研究的大竹蛏、缢蛏和长竹蛏相比,小荚蛏核型更不对称,st/t类型数量更多,推测小荚蛏较为原始。用类平均法对它们进行聚类分析,结果小荚蛏与它们的亲缘关系最远。