几个河外射电源的第二历元的327MHz VLBI观测

１９９１年３月，我们利用上海２５米射电望远镜和欧洲ＶＬＢＩ网联合对几个河外射电源进行了第二历元的３２７ＭＨｚ ＶＬＢＩ观测，数据的相关处理先后在上海天文台三台站ＭＫ２相关处理机和美国的Ｃａｌｔｅｃｈ／ＪＰＬ相关处理机进行，以便于比较相关结果，本文给出３Ｃ８４、３Ｃ３４５和３Ｃ３８０的混合图，与第一历元的观测比较，３Ｃ３４５和３Ｃ３８０的流量密度没有明显的变化，但３Ｃ３４５的结构变化明显，３Ｃ８４和     

配备科学CCD前需要修改和完善的部件

从低纬子午环配备科学ＣＣＤ后与光子计数狭缝测微器及视频ＣＣＤ的观测方式和要求的差异出发，提出了为适应科学ＣＣＤ观测，仪器上需要作修改的部件，还针对目前仪器实际状态反映出的在设计中考虑不周到之处和装配中不完善之处，陈述了修改要求，并提出了修改方案的初步建议。     

低纬子午环配备科学CCD的必要性和可行性

从基本天体测量学科的发展趋势和低纬子午环的课题目标出发，叙述了该仪器配备科学ＣＣＤ的必要性和对仪器性能的相应要求，并根据仪器的各种误差的测定方法和测定精度的分析，论述了该仪器配备科学ＣＣＤ后对天体位置作高精度绝对测定的可行性，文中还提出了对配备科学ＣＣＤ的总体要求。     

低纬子午环配备科学CCD的初步方案

根据低纬子午环配备科学ＣＣＤ后仍然能对天体位置作绝对测定的要求，提出了该仪器配备科学ＣＣＤ的初步方案，包括在子午方向和卯酉方向观测时，ＣＣＤ芯片如何跟踪星像，如何将芯片致冷，提高信噪比，既能保持镜筒的平衡，又不破坏观测室内空气的稳定性，如何更准确地测定光轴指向的变化。文中还对一次观测的天区面积作了估计。     

几个河外射电源第二历元的327MHz VLBI观测

１９９１年３月，我们利用上海２５ｍ射电望远镜和欧洲ＶＬＢＩ网联合对几个河外射电源进行了第二历元的３２７ＭＨｚＶＬＢＩ观测．数据的相关处理先后在上海天文台三台站ＭＫ２相关处理机和美国的Ｃａｌｔｅｃｈ／ＪＰＬ相关处理机进行，以便于比较相关结果。本文给出３Ｃ８４、３Ｃ３４５和３Ｃ３８０的混合图。与第一历元的观测比较，３Ｃ３４５和３Ｃ３８０的流量密度没有明显的变化，但３Ｃ３４５的结构变化明显。３Ｃ８４和３Ｃ３４５有喷流的迹象．３Ｃ４５４．３的总流量在不到两年的时间内增加了２５％，如果这个变化是内禀的话，那么可能意味着一次新的流量爆发。     

Compton γ射线望远镜的直接解调成像

Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线望远镜ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ／ＣＧＲＯ工作于０．７５－３０ＭｅＶ能区，本文应用直接解调方法分析ＣＧＲＯ＃１观测的ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ数据，准确定出Ｃｒａｂγ射线源的位置，在１０－３０ＭｅＶ能区，分辨开最大似然法所不能完全分辨的Ｃｒａｂγ射线源和类星体ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４，得出优于传统成像方法所得的成像结果．应用直接成像方法处理γ射线脉冲星Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ分位相数据，发现Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ在１０－３０ＭｅＶ能区仍存在辐射，辐射集中在Ｇｅｍｉｎｇａ第一个峰的位相区域．结果表明，应用直接解调方法对Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎ望远镜数据作成像分析是完全可行的     

新一代天文用CCD控制器及将来的设想

介绍了目前世界上两种先进的ＣＣＤ控制器，并提出了新一代天文用ＣＣＤ控制器的设想     

光子计数测微器和视频CCD

介绍了低纬子午环上原设计的光子计数测微器的结构和观测方式，并针对目前仪器的具体状态，说明了为什么这一测微器不能采用，而用视频ＣＣＤ替代它，文中还叙述了采用视频ＣＣＤ的观测方式和有关参数的测定方法。     

低纬子午环用CCD测微器观测时的星径曲率改正

本文推导了低纬子午环采用ＣＣＤ测微器观测时所得测定值的各种星径曲率改正公式。针对云南天文台具体的地理位置（纬度为２５°），在不同观测天顶距情况下，给出了ＣＣＤ视场中不同位置的天体通过参考平面（子午平面或卯酉平面）时，星过记录时刻和天顶距测定值的星径曲率改正模拟运算结果。结果表明：对于偏离ＣＣＤ芯片相对中心的天体，其星径曲率改正值比较大，且随天体偏离距离的增加而增大。     

Comptonγ射线望远镜的直接解调成像

Ｃｏｍｐｔｏｎγ射线望远镜ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ／ＣＧＲＯ工作于０．７５－３０ＭｅＶ能区，本应用直接解调方法分析了ＣＧＲＯ＃１观测的ＣＯＭＰＴＥＬ数据，准确定出Ｃａｒａｂγ射线源的位置，在１０－３０ＭｅＶ能区，分辨开最大似然法所不能完全分辨的Ｃｒａｂγ射线源和类星体ＰＫＳ０５２８＋１３４，得出优于传统成像方法所得的成像结果。     

Impact of the Quadrupole Moment of the Sun on the Dynamics of the Earth-Moon System

Range of values of the Sun's mass quadrupole moment of coefficient J₂ arising both from experimental and theoretical determinations enlarge across literature on two orders of magnitude, from around 10^-7 until to 10^-5. The accurate knowledge of the Moon's physical librations, for which the Lunar Laser Ranging data reach an outstanding precision level, prove to be appropriate to reduce the interval of J₂ values by giving an upper bound of J₂. A solar quadrupole moment as high as 1.1 10^-5 given either from the upper bounds of the error bars of the observations, or from the Roche's theory, is not compatible with the knowledge of the lunar librations accurately modeled and observed with the LLR experiment. The suitable values of J₂ have to be smaller than 3.0 10^-6. As a consequence, this upper bound of 3.0 10^-6 is accepted to study the impact of the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass on the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Such as effect (with J₂ = 5.5±1.3 × 10^-6) has been already tested in 1983 by Campbell & Moffat using analytical approximate equations, and thus for the orbits of Mercury, Venus, the Earth and Icarus. The approximate equations are no longer sufficient compared with present observational data and exact equations are required. As if to compute the effect on the lunar librations, we have used our BJV relativistic model of solar system integration including the spin-orbit coupled motion of the Moon. The model is solved by numerical integration. The BJV model stems from general relativity by using the DSX formalism for purposes of celestial mechanics when it is about to deal with a system of n extended, weakly self-gravitating, rotating and deformable bodies in mutual interactions. The resulting effects on the orbital elements of the Earth have been computed and plotted over 160 and 1600 years. The impact of the quadrupole moment of the Sun on the Earth's orbital motion is mainly characterized by variations of , , and . As a consequence, the Sun's quadrupole moment of mass could play a sensible role over long time periods of integration of solar system models. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

On the role of the motion of the photospheric footpoints of the magnetic field lines

By means of a simple relation between the velocity v of the fluid particle and the velocity v_f of the photospheric footpoint of the magnetic field line v_z and B_z being respectively the components of v and the magnetic field B normal to the photospheric surface, it is shown formally that through the phtospheric surface the transport of all the quantities attributed to the magnetic field, such as the magnetic flux, the magnetic energy and the helicity, is independent of v_z, and v_f is the only kinematical quantity on which the transport depends. In addition, in the neighborhood of the neutral line the velocity v_l of the moving curve of constant B_z is found to be equal approximately to the component of v or v_f in the direction of v_l. Since v_l can be measured or extimated, so can the components of v and v_f near the neutral line.     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。     

On the theory of the oblateness of the Sun

In this paper we first emphasize why it is important to know the successive zonal harmonics of the Sun's figure with high accuracy: mainly fundamental astrometry, helioseismology, planetary motions and relativistic effects. Then we briefly comment why the Sun appears oblate, going back to primitive definitions in order to underline some discrepancies in theories and to emphasize again the relevant hypotheses. We propose a new theoretical approach entirely based on an expansion in terms of Legendre's functions, including the differential rotation of the Sun at the surface. This permits linking the two first spherical harmonic coefficients (J ₂ and J ₄) with the geometric parameters that can be measured on the Sun (equatorial and polar radii). We emphasize the difficulties in inferring gravitational oblateness from visual measurements of the geometric oblateness, and more generally a dynamical flattening. Results are given for different observed rotational laws. It is shown that the surface oblateness is surely upper bounded by 11 milliarcsecond. As a consequence of the observed surface and sub-surface differential rotation laws, we deduce a measure of the two first gravitational harmonics, the quadrupole and the octopole moment of the Sun: J ₂=−(6.13±2.52)×10⁻⁷ if all observed data are taken into account, and respectively, J ₂=−(6.84±3.75)×10⁻⁷ if only sunspot data are considered, and J ₂=−(3.49±1.86)×10⁻⁷ in the case of helioseismic data alone. The value deduced from all available data for the octopole is: J ₄=(2.8±2.1)×10⁻¹². These values are compared to some others found in the literature. Supplementary material to this paper is available in electronic form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005238718479     

Third Integral and the Dynamics of the Galaxy in the Neighborhood of the Sun

Observational data on the dynamics of stars in the neighborhood of the sun indicate the existence of a third integral besides the integrals of the angular momentum and energy. The Poincaré integral is proposed as a third integral. The consequences of this assumption are derived and compared with available astrophysical data.     

Accounting for the viscosity of the fluid core in the problem of the physical libration of the moon

A two-component theoretical model of the physical libration of the Moon in longitude is constructed with account taken of the viscosity of the core. In the new version, a hydrodynamic problem of motion of a fluid filling a solid rotating shell is solved. It is found that surfaces of equal angular velocity are spherical, and a velocity field of the fluid core of the Moon is described by elementary functions. A distribution of the internal pressure in the core is found. An angular momentum exchange between the fluid core and solid mantle is described by a third-order differential equation with a right-hand side. The roots of a characteristic equation are studied and the stability of rotation is proved. A libration angle as a function of time is found using the derived solution of the differential equation. Limiting cases of infinitely large and infinitely small viscosity are considered and an effect of lag of a libration phase from a phase of action of an external moment of forces is ascertained. This makes it possible to estimate the viscosity and sizes of the lunar fluid core from data of observations.     

射电日像仪灵敏度测量

灵敏度是射电望远镜的一个重要性能指标,它反映了望远镜监测弱信号的能力。基于明安图射电频谱日像仪(Mingantu Ultrawide Spectral Radioheliograph,MUSER)的调试观测,给出了日像仪灵敏度的测量方法,对天线系统以及整个阵列的灵敏度进行测量分析,得到了日像仪系统整体的灵敏度性能参数。测量同时给出了天线系统的效率以及接收机系统的增益,这将为下一步日像仪展开常规的科学观测提供参考。     

Calculation of the global system of the field-aligned currents on the dayside of the magnetosphere

Using the well-known equation for the normal component of the current which exist near the tangential discontinuity in the plasma in the case of the frozen-in magnetic field, and supposing that the current closes in the ionosphere in the auroral oval in the region 1, one calculates and compares with the data of observations the dependence of the density of the field-aligned current at the level of the ionosphere on the local time.     

Investigation of the kinematics and structure of the Galaxy in the vicinity of the North galactic pole

In the framework of the programme of studying the meridional section of the Galaxy (MEGA) the absolute proper motions of more than 11000 stars with respect to 3000 galaxies and their stellar magnitudes in the B, V Johnson system are determined in two sky regions near the North Galactic Pole (NGP) by means of Tautenburg Schmidt plates. The limiting and completing apparent stellar magnitudes are B = 20.4 and 18.3 mag, the overall and the investigated sky areas are 16.4 and 14.6 square degrees, respectively. Distances have been determined using the stellar magnitudes, colours, proper motions and reduced proper motions. Stellar kinematics, eccentricities of Galactic orbits, spatial distribution and changes of these characteristics with Z-distance from the Galactic plane are obtained up to 15 kpc. Four subsystems distinguished in the NGP direction, respectively with semithicknesses of 0.25, 0.38, 0.67, 1.48 kpc and density ellipsoid axial ratios of 0.09, 0.20, 0.28, 0.49 show mean velocities in the Galactic rotation direction relative to the LSR of 5.6 ± 0.6, − 11.0 ± 0.6, − 62.5 ± 1.2, − 181.6 ± 4.4 km/s, and ages of 0.1, 0.4, 0.9, 1 of the Galaxy age.