向着水文测验技术现代化的方向前进——水文测验学术讨论会论文综述

一、五年回顾从1980年在长沙召开的第一次水文测验学术讨论会以来,水文测验科技活动比较活跃,水文测验技术有了新的发展。在水文站网方面,对水利工程地区、干旱区、平原水网区的布站原则,湿润区中小河流的布站原则,水库水文站的观测部署等专     

浅析视频监控技术在哈密水文测报远程管理中的应用

将远程视频控技术应用在常规水文测报项目中是保障水文测站正常运行的必然选择,能在有效提高水文测验工作效率的基础上,强化整体监督效果和水平。本文以伊吾水文站和榆树沟水文站视频监控系统为例,对其改造项目进行分析,针对视频监控技术应用在水文测报远程管理中的必要性以及具体路径展开了讨论,旨在满足远程管理的实际需求,促进水文测报事业的可持续发展。     

摘要：分析了珠江三角洲地区的水文特性及水文站网、水文测验、资料整编等存在的问题，提出了解决这些问题的具体对策。

分析了珠江三角洲地区的水文特性及水文站网、水文测验、资料整编等存在的问题，提出了解决这些问题的具体对策。     

高斯积分法计算垂线平均流速的精度论证

一、前言高斯积分法是数值积分中一种具有最高代数精度的方法。它的一个显著特点是节点少、精度高。为了研究这种数学方法在水文测验中的应用,近几年,我们在青山殿、巨县等水文站进行了大量的试验比测工作,取得了良好的     

《水文》双月刊2005年（第25卷）总目录

期一页 期一页 一、水文测验、资料整编、站网分析 建立基于水循环的水资源监测系统···……牛玉国，张学成1一34 J月圣维南方程推算潮量方法探讨·····.·····.......·····..........…… ·····················，··············……赵立锋，李文杰，杨元平1礴6 巧用自定义函数解决水文资料中的“四舍六人’，···········.…… 张英骏，刘国强卜55 E一60lB与E一601型蒸发器及20m2蒸发池观测资料对比分析 王永长2一54 工业触摸屏在水文测验控制中的应用……李德贵，张法中2…     

中国的水文测验

中国的水文测验王锦生（水利部水文司）一、引言水文测验的广义含义是：系统收集和整编水文资料的全部技术过程。内容包括：水文站网的规划和布设；水文要素的观测和测量；水文资料的整编、存贮、检索。狭义含义则专指上述第二项内容。本文中使用狭义。水文测验工作依其观...     

黄河下游假潮一般规律及对水沙量平衡影响的分析

根据黄河下游山东河段各水文站的实测资料，分析了黄河下游“假潮”现象的一般规律及对水沙量平衡的影响，并对改进水文测验和资料整编方法提出了建议。     

超声波时差法测速

超声波测速是水文测验工作中的一项新技术,早在工业发达国家的一些测站上使用。我们是从1973年起在■梨水文站开展超声波时差法测速试验的,经过多年努力,终于获得成功。最近通过鉴定,批准投产。现将■梨水文站应用超声测速的有关问题介绍如下:一、基本原理当超声波在流动的介质中传播时,相对于固定坐标系统(如河道两岸)来说,其速度与静止介质中的传播速度是不相同的。如图1所示,在河道内顺流方向安装两个超声发收器(又名换能器)F_1、F_2。F_1发射超声波,F_2     

STD总线工业控制计算机在水文缆道上的应用

ＳＴＤ总线工业控制计算机在水文缆道上的应用李里，范宏，夏初旭（辽宁省水文总站）ＳＴＤ总线工业控制计算机是航天部５０２所研制的，它具有小型化、模块化、组合化、标准化的特点。从１９９０年开始，我们将其用在铁岭水文站作为测流缆道运行的控制主机，实现了缆道测...     

珠江三角洲河网区水文测验存在的问题与对策

分析了珠江三角洲地区的水文特性及水文站网、水文测验、资料整编等存在的问题,提出了解决这些问题的具体对策。     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Report of the restudy of the defined global stratotype of the base of the Silurian System

The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

The Tendencies of the Development of the Mineral-Resources Sector at the Turn of the Century

Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.     

Causes of the famine among the rural population of the Sahelian zone of the Sudan

Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators.     

东濮凹陷北部沙河街组三段中亚段沉积环境分析

东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads

In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.