北京地区区域应力场及地壳稳定性研究

作者根据北京地区的地震、地质构造、挽近地壳活动等特征,建立了数学模拟模型,并从研究现代地震活动的构造力学条件入手,计算了北京地区现今构造应力场及区内断裂活动性增加时现今构造应力场的调整值,在此基础上建立综合调整影响场。最后根据综合调整影响场分析和比较了北京地区区域地壳的相对稳定程度和北京市地壳的相对稳定程度,指出南口—孙河断裂活动性增加对北京市的地壳稳定性具有较大的影响。     

北京地区突发性地质灾害危险度评价

北京地区地质构造条件复杂,新构造活动频繁,人为活动剧烈,故地质灾害较为发育。主要的突发性地质灾害有泥石流、采空塌陷、崩塌以及地裂缝等。本文在北京市各区县地质灾害调查与区划工作的基础上,对北京地区的突发性地质灾害的发育情况进行了深入调查和分析。采用袭扰系数法,对突发性地质灾害的易发程度进行了综合评价。采用模糊综合评判模型,对影响地质灾害演变趋势的降雨条件、人类工程活动、地震活动以及区域岩组结构等因素进行了综合评判。并在此基础上．对突发性地质灾害的危险度进行了评价和预测,将北京地区划分出了地质灾害高风险区、地质灾害中风险区及地质灾害低风险区。     

基于支持向量机的水库诱发地震分析

将诱发水库地震的主要因素（岩性、岩体完整性、断层性质、库区区域应力状态、库区地震活动背景）划分为11个因子,并进行定量化;再根据每个样本到所属类内超平面的距离计算每个样本点的模糊因子,确定其对分类超平面影响大小;然后建立水库地震的支持向量机（SVM）和模糊支持向量机（FSVM）模型,并应用于水库诱发地震等级预测。实例分析表明,两种模型均可用于水库诱发地震等级预测,具有预测精度较高、考虑因素全面的特点,相比之下SVM模型预测结果略优于FSVM模型。另外,在应用SVM和FSVM进行分类时,如果样本离散性较高,则SVM模型优于FSVM模型;相反,如果样本离散性较低,则FSVM模型优于SVM模型。     

北京城市未来发展中地壳环境的潜在危机

通过研究北京地区不同时期和不同时间尺度内地壳运动的规律性和特殊性，认为地震是北京城市未来发展中较为重要的潜在危机之一：（１）北京地区ＮＥ和ＮＷ向两组主控断层目前仍在活动，大多属继承性活断层；（２）４５ａ来北京地区地形变具有北升南降和西升东降特点。地形变等值线的区域分布具有突出的上升区、下降区及高梯度区；（３）３０ａ来断层活动具有明显的周期性，今后应进一步加强超短周期断层活动规律性的监测，以利于地震预报的研究；（４）目前北京地区仍处在本世纪６０年代以来华北地壳强活动期内，推论今后发生较强烈地震的长趋势将依然存在。     

云贵交界“9·7”地震贵州震区地质灾害风险评估

为分析"9·7"地震贵州震区区域地质灾害的风险程度,采用模糊层次综合评价的方法,在全面统计分析研究区基础地质环境资料和地质灾害数据的基础上,开展基于GIS技术的地质灾害风险评估。评估结果根据风险值划分为极高风险区、高风险区、中风险区和低风险区四个等级区域,经与实际情况对比,具有较好的一致性,所得成果可为该区域地质灾害防治工作提供借鉴和帮助。     

粤西地区地震活动性与地震分布特点分析

根据广东省地震目录,选用6种对粤西地区有较好预报能力的测震学指标进行时间扫描分析和空间扫描分析,并对该区域地震分布与断裂位置、磁异常分布进行对比分析。结果显示:算法复杂性AC值、地震调制比Rm值存在异常,空间扫描结果显示异常多数集中在阳江和北部湾地区,并根据ML≥5.0地震M-T关系和能量蠕变曲线,推测粤西地区2015年有发生ML5.0级地震的可能;地壳磁异常的展布方向与断裂方向一致,ML2.0级以上的地震多集中在弱磁及正负磁异常分界的区域。     

鄂西清江两水利枢纽坝址区地震危险性对比分析

本文在研究清江流域及外围区域地震地质条件和地震分布规律的基础上，划分了１、２个潜在震源区，并确定其相应的地震活动性参数，同时探讨区域地震烈度衰减规律及各潜在震源区对隔河岩和水布垭两坝址的影响烈度、进而复泊松模型，评价两坝址的地震危险性，获得了丙坝址不同期限内的地面峰值加速度及其相应的超越概率。根据对比分析，水布垭坝址的地震危险性比隔洒岩坝址小。     

基于模糊神经网络的油气综合评判方法研究

针对常规模式识别方法进行油气预测时,存在样本数量大、参数非线性及已知样本数类型分类有明显的模糊性等特点。本文根据神经网络的自适应谐振理论结合模糊Ｋ均值聚类算法、特征参数非线性映射的有效性校验,构成了一个性能完善的地震参数油气预测系统。该系统对样本特征空间用模糊神经网络建立未知样本的预测度量,更加符合客观地质特征和油气分布规律,从而能判别油气富集的有利区域。数值分析和实践应用表明,该方法数值稳定可靠     

北京南部地区地球物理特征与区域地质构造

北京南部地区为新生界广泛覆盖,长期以来,对盖层下地质构造的认识相当模糊。我们对以往大量重力、磁法、电测深和地震等地球物理勘探资料进行了编图和综合分析,并结合地质和钻探资料对本区的地质构造进行了深入研究,对隐伏或半隐伏断裂进行了识别,划分出4个主要地球物理-地质界面和5套地球物理-地质层组合,探讨了本区地质构造分区,基本搞清了本区的地质构造特征与性质,并提出了许多新认识,对今后北京地区地质构造研究将起促进作用,对首都的经济建设也具有重要意义。     

重磁震联合反演在南海东北部地球物理解释中的应用

针对南海北部地质构造背景复杂、火成岩发育、多次波干扰严重等地质问题,利用海洋重磁测量数据,以美国FUGRO-LCT重磁震综合处理解释系统为研究平台,结合地震资料建立合理的2D地质地球物理初始模型,进行重磁正反演同步计算,根据拟合结果修正地震反射模糊区域标定的层位、明确中深部地层属性及地壳结构。结果显示南海东北部海域中生代地层密度一般在2.40~2.57 g/cm3,存在部分火成岩密度小于沉积岩的情况;局部区域中生界具磁性,为沉积岩夹火成岩地层;东沙群岛南部陆坡与洋盆交界处是地壳结构薄弱区域,可能存在前中生代地层。南部隆起至中央海盆东北部区域仍属过渡型地壳。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861