宝鸡地震台地电阻率观测效能评价

根据中国地震局电磁学科技术管理组制定的《地电台站观测效能评估方案》,对宝鸡台地电阻率观测效能进行全面评价。从评价结果来看,宝鸡地震台地电阻率的台址结构条件、电磁环境、台站观测系统等均符合地电阻率台站建设规范要求;地电阻率观测精度不低于3‰测值,保证了准确测量不低于1％地电阻率异常的指标需求。宝鸡地震台地电阻率对本区及附近地区中等以上地震有一定监测能力,其观测数据在本区及附近地区地震监测、预报和地震科学研究及相关科学研究中有重要价值。     

平凉台井下地电阻率观测影响系数分析

根据地电阻率影响系数理论,以平凉台4层电性结构为例,分析了井下对称四极地电阻率观测影响系数随深度和极距的变化。结果表明:对于固定的观测极距,影响系数与电极埋深之间的关系复杂;通过计算各层影响系数的大小,认为平凉台井下观测对地表及浅层干扰有较好的抑制作用,其分析结果可为在类似台址电性结构中实施井下地电阻率观测时选择电极埋深和供电极距提供参考。     

深井抽水对地倾斜观测影响的实验研究

采用抽水、放水实验方法,研究地倾斜的变化量与地下水抽取量之间的关系、蓄水池池水变化量与地倾斜变化量之间的关系。通过对抽水实验数据分析研究可知:在放水速率(V放水9 m3/h)、总放水量(T82 m3)有限的前提下,弥渡地震台观测山洞正上方30 m处的蓄水池水量变化不会引起地倾斜观测资料的明显变化;而地下水抽取是造成地倾斜异常变化的主要原因,且地倾斜异常变化在时间上与抽水作业(起止时间)保持高度同步性;抽水活动持续时间与地倾斜变化量是成非线性关系:随抽水时间延长,地倾斜变化速率开始较快,随后减小。但在开始抽水2小时时段内表现为近似线性关系,即NS测向VNS=-0.045 53 ms/min,EW测向VEW=-0.079 71 ms/min。通过频域分析可知:弥渡地倾斜观测受抽水干扰的异常信号的频率在0.001 8~0.003 Hz之间。由此,笔者设计了带阻滤波处理软件对抽水干扰信号频段进行处理,降低了抽水作业对弥渡地倾斜观测的影响。     

隆尧地电阻率与地下水位关系分析

利用线性回归法,分析河北省隆尧地电阻率和地下水位的关系,发现该地区地电阻率季节性年变和近年来显著的趋势上升变化与地下水位动态变化相关.调查发现,年降雨量减小和农业用水量增大引起该区地下水位下降,从而导致地电阻率发生趋势上升变化.     

新城子井下地电阻率观测影响系数分析

以新城子观测站地电阻率为研究对象,结合新城子观测站电测深资料通过影响系数理论用水平层状介质模型对比分析地表、井下地电阻率两种手段的观测效果,对新城子地电阻率观测各层影响系数随深度和极距的变化分析新城子井下地电阻率观测布极的合理性。其结果反应为新城子地电阻率井下观测设计较为合理,减少场地资源的同时对地表和浅层干扰有更好的抑制作用,对深层的映震能力优于地表观测,分析结果可为类似台址电性结构中实施井下地电阻率观测提供参考。     

地表点电流对地电阻率观测的影响

将地电阻率台站地下介质简化为水平层状均匀介质模型,以点电流模拟地表干扰电流源,针对对称四极观测装置,计算干扰源电流增减及位置变化对地电阻率观测的影响。结果表明,地电阻率的受干扰程度取决于地表干扰点电流的大小、在测区的方位及距中心点的距离。     

电极极板老化对地电阻率观测影响的实验

通过分析1989—1990年的对比观测资料的结果,说明在地震介质较为均一条件下电极老化对地电阻率的观测没有影响。     

阳原地震台井下地电阻率观测系统分析

通过对层状介质影响系数的计算,得出阳原台井下地电阻率观测系统记录数据主要体现该装置所在介质层的电阻率变化,反映了深层介质电阻率的变化情况;结合井下地电阻率观测曲线与降雨、气温等的对比分析可以看出,井下地电阻率抑制地表干扰能力较强,变化形态稳定且年变幅度较小,更能凸显应力作用下各向异性变化情况,有利于地震异常的分析和判别。     

极板老化对地电阻率观测值影响的实验研究

问题的提出 绥化地电台地电阻率观测,从1980年1月开始至1988年11月已有近九年的观测资料.资料表明:地电阻率存在逐年趋势卞降的变化(图1).     

吉林省地电阻率观测干扰分析研究

本文主要利用吉林省内3个地电阻率台站的数据,对观测中出现的自然干扰、测量线路干扰等进行了分析研究,为正确排除数字化地电数据中的干扰和准确识别其中的震兆信息提供借鉴和参考。     

抽水对地下水位、汞、氡的影响——以古城试验为例

介绍了在内蒙古古城进行的同层抽水对水位、水温(地热)、气氡、气汞、水氡与水汞影响的观测试验及其结果。结果表明,抽水对井水位影响最大,影响距离可达近1 km;对水温影响较为明显;对气氡、气汞的影响不明显;水氡与水汞的动态可能有一定影响,但影响幅度不大。     

Effect of groundwater interception and irrigation on salinity and piezometric levels of an aquifer

The major strategy used to prevent the discharge of highly saline groundwater to the River Murray in southeastern Australia is groundwater interception and disposal. The basic design principle assumes that the extraction of groundwater from an aquifer hydraulically connected to the river, using a line of pumps positioned close and roughly parallel to the river, will decrease piezometric heads thereby reducing the discharge of saline groundwater to the river. The paper considers one of these schemes which was designed for the Mildura area on the basis of a hydrogeological investigation. It analyses the effects on piezometric head and groundwater salinity due to the groundwater interception scheme and adjacent irrigation activity over a period of several years from January 1980. It is shown that piezometric heads have decreased significantly in the stretch close to the river. A slight reduction in groundwater salinity is also apparent in this stretch except for an area between the river and a holding basin used for disposal of the saline effluents emanating from the groundwater interception scheme. This general reduction in groundwater salinity is mainly caused by pumping from the groundwater interception scheme and recharge from irrigation. The exception in the trend in groundwater salinity is due to the movement of a highly saline body of groundwater from the holding basin towards the River Murray. Results of this Australian experience should be helpful to the designers of similar salinity mitigation schemes elsewhere.     

Closed-form analytical solutions incorporating pumping and tidal effects in various coastal aquifer systems

Pumping wells are common in coastal aquifers affected by tides. Here we present analytical solutions of groundwater table or head variations during a constant rate pumping from a single, fully-penetrating well in coastal aquifer systems comprising an unconfined aquifer, a confined aquifer and semi-permeable layer between them. The unconfined aquifer terminates at the coastline (or river bank) and the other two layers extend under tidal water (sea or tidal river) for a certain distance L. Analytical solutions are derived for 11 reasonable combinations of different situations of the L-value (zero, finite, and infinite), of the middle layer’s permeability (semi-permeable and impermeable), of the boundary condition at the aquifer’s submarine terminal (Dirichlet describing direct connection with seawater and no-flow describing the existence of an impermeable capping), and of the tidal water body (sea and tidal river). Solutions are discussed with application examples in fitting field observations and parameter estimations.     

Monitoring of Impact of Ferti‐irrigation by Post‐methanated Distillery Effluent on Groundwater Quality

The impact assessment of molasses‐based distillery‐effluent irrigation on groundwater quality around village Gajraula in the district of Jyotiba Phule Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India was studied by sampling groundwater on monthly intervals consecutively for summer, winter and monsoon seasons during 2006–2007 and water quality parameters, viz. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl^?), sulphate (SO), nitrate (NO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), calcium (Ca²⁺), magnesium (Mg²⁺), zinc (Zn²⁺), iron (Fe³⁺), and total coliforms (TC) were monitored. Results depicted that the values of all parameters decreased with increasing depth of water table. Sulphate, nitrate and potassium contents were maximal in agricultural site during monsoon while EC, Cl^?, TS, TDS, Na⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn, and Fe were maximal in industrial sites during summer. Groundwater samples of residential site harboured maximum coliforms especially during monsoon, highlighting threat to groundwater. Significant positive correlation matrix between coliforms with nitrate, sulphate and potassium ions explained their survival on these nutrients. To overcome this, important measures emphasizing improvement in effluent treatment technology matching site‐specific characteristics are recommended for eco‐friendly ferti‐irrigation.     

金沙江水网对日本9.0级地震的同震响应及其特征与机理

本文系统介绍了金沙江水网6口观测井水位与水温动态对日本9.0级地震的同震响应, 分析了同震响应的特征与同震响应的机理。 结果表明, 4口井水位有同震响应, 同震响应形态全是振荡, 对地震波响应的时间、 振荡的幅度、 振荡的持续时间等的差异主要取决于井-含水层系统的导水系数。 结果还表明, 3口井水温有同震响应, 响应形态是不对称的V字或U字形; 水温的先期下降是井筒内上(冷)下(热)水混合作用引起的, 后期上升是井水与围岩之间的热传导引起吸热作用的结果, 各井水温升降的幅度、 持续时间等不同, 主要是井水温度梯度与水岩热传导系数不同引起的; 后期升幅总是大于先期降幅, 这可能与地震波作用使井区大地热流增强有关。     

A Study on the Relationship Between Sequential Anomalies of Water Level Step-Variations in the Wanquan Well and Earthquakes

This paper studies the relationship between water level step-variation anomalies and regional seismic activity.The train of thinking is as follows:First,a series of water level step-variation anomalies are regarded as sequential step-variation anomalies; next,these sequential anomalies are divided into several sub-sequential anomalies according to the temporal density of step-variations in different segments of the sequence; then the generation and evolution processes of various sub-sequential anomalies are analyzed to find their relation with regional moderate-strong earthquake activities,and finally the various sub-sequential anomalies are synthesized as sequential anomalies so as to analyze their relation with the tendency of seismic activities.By the above method,this paper has analyzed the relationship between a series of water level step-variation anomalies at the Wanquan well since 1981 and several regional moderate-strong earthquake activities.According to the monthly frequency,amplitude and tre     

泾阳地震与宝鸡地震前临潼地震台地下流体异常特征

主要采用一阶差分、滤波、五日均值等方法,分析处理了泾阳地震与宝鸡地震前后临潼台流体资料,从中提取出了明显的短临前兆异常,对这两次地震前流体异常幅度及异常时间进行了比较,并且对异常原因进行了分析和讨论。