The Nuheting deposit,Erlian Basin,NE China: Synsedimentary to diagenetic uranium mineralization

Sedimentary units deposited during the post-rift stage of the Erlian Basin located in northeast China present an alternation of sandstone and mudstone layers. This sedimentological architecture is at the origin of confined permeable reservoirs hosting sandstone-type uranium deposits. The study of the Nuheting deposit offered the opportunity to identify synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentrations and diagenetic mineralization hosted in mudstone-dominated layers of the Erlian Formation, indicating that a stock of uranium was present in the basin prior to the genesis of sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Therefore, this pre-existing stock may constitute a significant source of uranium for the formation of roll front deposits present in other parts of the Erlian Basin.Detailed petrographic and geochemical study of drill-core samples from the Nuheting deposit led to the characterization of different stages related to the formation of the uranium ore bodies and allowed to propose a new metallogenic model. Uranium mineralization of the Nuheting deposit is mainly hosted in dark gray silty mudstone of wetland depositional environment of the Late Cretaceous Erlian Formation. Petrographic observations and EMP analyses evidenced that a significant amount of uranium was associated with clay minerals (interstratified clays, smectite, chlorite, palygorskyte, illite and kaolinite), either adsorbed on mineral surfaces as U (VI) ions or reduced mainly as UO₂ nano to microcrystals disseminated in the clayey matrix, which corresponds to synsedimentary/early diagenetic concentrations. Trace elements on pyrite analyzed by LA-ICPMS, petrographic observations and whole-rock geochemical data led to the characterization of a diagenetic uranium mineralization. High As (1–50 ppm), Mo (10–500 ppm) and Se concentrations in the whole rock and the incorporation of these elements in pyrite highlight reducing conditions within the host-rocks during the diagenesis of the Erlian Formation. During the early diagenetic stage, uranium was either desorbed from clay minerals and organic materials to be reduced or directly reduced and precipitated as P-rich coffinite and pitchblende on pyrite crystals. During the late diagenetic stage, uranium was redistributed in situ and locally deposited mainly as coffinite on pyrites. Finally, an epigenetic stage of cementation was identified with sulfate and carbonate minerals, which may enclose some uranium minerals. This epigenetic stage of fluid circulation may be responsible for a minor uranium remobilization. Therefore, the Nuheting deposit experienced three main stages: (i) a synsedimentary/early diagenetic uranium concentration and mineralization, (ii) a late diagenetic in situ uranium remobilization and deposition on pyrite and (iii) an epigenetic cementation. Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter contained in host-rocks of the Nuheting deposit is of type IV, inherited from land plant, and do not contain free hydrocarbons (very low S1). Therefore, our results do not support that migrated hydrocarbons were involved as a reducing agent for uranium mineralization.     

Characteristics of Clay Minerals in the Luohe Formation in Zhenyuan Area,Ordos Basin,and its Uranium Prospecting SignificanceEI北大核心CSCD

Industrial uranium orebodies have recently been found through in-depth uranium exploration in the Luohe Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, which is an important breakthrough in deep prospecting for sandstone-type uranium deposits. The composition, content and characteristics of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation in the Zhenyuan area were systematically studied by means of thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and altered mineral spectral scanning. Unlike the most important uranium-bearing rock series in the Zhiluo Formation in the northeast and southwest of the basin, the ore-bearing Luohe Formation sandstone has low contents of clay minerals while the clay mineral assemblages vary in different sand bodies. Among them, the main types of mudstone, oxidized sandstone, calcareous sandstone and mineralized sandstone are illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral and illite, followed by kaolinite and chlorite, the main types uranium-rich sandstone and gray-green sandstone are kaolinite and illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, followed by illite and chlorite. Even though adsorption of clay minerals, such as chlorite, illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, kaolinite, and illite may contribute to U enrichment and uranium mineral precipitation, no correlation between clays and uranium minerals have been observed, indicating that clay minerals are not the main factor affecting uranium enrichment during the deep metallogenic process. The study of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation sandstone demonstrated that there are at least two phases of chlorite and one phase of kaolinite in the study area, which respectively represent two phases of alkaline fluid and one phase of acid fluid activities, revealing a fluid phase transition of alkaline-acidic-alkaline. Therefore, the clay minerals can be used as an important indicator for uranium mineralization. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved.     

川北砂岩型铀矿稀土元素特征及铀成矿作用

在大量取样分析的基础上 ,本文系统分析研究了围岩、矿石、方解石脉和铀矿物的稀土元素组成 ,讨论了岩石、矿石沉积和成岩过程中的稀土元素变化规律 ,总结了川北砂岩型铀矿床的稀土元素地球化学特征。通过与典型的火山岩型和变质岩型热液成因铀矿床进行对比 ,认为川北砂岩型铀矿具有热液 (水 )改造成矿作用的稀土元素地球化学特点 ;铀矿化经历了沉积成岩和热液改造富集两个阶段。     

鄂尔多斯盆地纳岭沟地区含铀目的层岩石矿物学特征及其对成岩作用、物源等方面的指示

纳岭沟铀矿床位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部伊陕单斜构造区,其成矿主岩为中侏罗统直罗组下段下亚段.通过野外地质调查、岩芯编录,结合岩矿鉴定、X-衍射、电子探针及扫描电镜等方法,详细研究了该区目的层砂岩碎屑组分、结构及矿物蚀变特征,并初步探讨了其物源及源区构造背景、砂岩绿色成因、成岩作用等特征.结果表明纳岭沟地区含铀砂岩类型以长石岩屑砂岩为主,其成分及结构成熟度均较低,成岩作用较弱,表现为弱压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用以及部分重结晶作用.大量在粒表呈薄膜状及粒间充填的绿泥石等粘土矿物是砂岩呈绿色调的主因.物源可能来自于盆地北缘阴山造山带的太古宙—元古宙变质岩系以及显生宙岩浆岩.其蚀变矿物组合及期次为草莓状黄铁矿—自生高岭石—绿泥石薄膜+粒间绿泥石—铀石+细分散/脉状黄铁矿—亮晶方解石—方解石脉,其成岩环境经历了弱酸性—酸性还原—弱酸弱碱/氧化还原过渡阶段—碱性还原阶段,而砂岩型铀矿的形成与氧化还原—酸碱性过渡成岩环境变化密切相关.     

鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义

系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明:白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。     

蒙古国铀矿地质特征及资源潜力

蒙古国蕴含较丰富的铀矿资源。本文总结了蒙古国74处已知的铀矿床（点）地质资料,将蒙古国铀矿划分为砂岩型、火山岩型、花岗岩型、蚀变岩型、沉积岩型等5种类型,其中火山岩型和砂岩型是蒙古国主要的铀矿矿床类型;通过对蒙古国大地构造背景及典型铀矿床地质特征进行研究,将蒙古国划分为4个铀成矿省,其中最具成矿潜力的是蒙古-额尔古纳铀成矿省、戈壁-塔木察格铀成矿省;结合蒙古国成矿地质背景及矿产开发情况,圈定了多尔诺特铀矿潜力区、乔伊尔铀矿潜力区、赛因山达-宗巴音铀矿潜力区、楚鲁特铀矿潜力区、布图里诺儿铀矿潜力区等5处铀矿勘查开发潜力区。     

砂岩型铀矿集聚区成矿背景与成矿条件——以东胜砂岩型铀矿床为例

成矿大地构造背景、盆地形成地质环境及其盆地类型、后期构造改造等是砂岩型铀矿形成前提条件;砂岩型铀矿主要受外生沉积条件、后成水文条件及物理化学环境制约;以东胜大型砂岩型铀为例,对砂岩型铀矿成矿机制与演化、铀矿床空间分布特点及规律等方面进行讨论;探讨了鄂尔多斯盆地地质背景、成矿条件、矿床地质特征、控矿因素及成矿作用,提出砂岩型铀矿成岩、后生、低温热液成矿阶段形成的特态相矿物群,论述了低温成矿作用的矿物学及物理化学证据,认为东胜大型砂岩型铀矿具有沉积预富集-古层间氧化淋滤-后生二次还原与交代的成因特征.     

塔里木盆地西北地区震旦系苏盖特布拉克组潮坪相碎屑岩成岩作用与成岩演化研究

塔里木盆地西北地区苏盖特布拉克组发育一套潮坪相沉积,是该层系油气勘探的主要目标。基于什艾日克剖面、奇格布拉克剖面、肖尔布拉克剖面的地质测量,采用薄片鉴定、阴极发光、扫描电镜、流体包裹体测温及黏土矿物X衍射等分析手段开展海相碎屑岩成岩作用和成岩演化研究,为塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克组进一步开展油气勘探部署和甜点储层预测提供地质依据。结果表明：（1）研究区苏盖特布拉克组发育潮坪沉积环境的砂体,砂岩类型以岩屑石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩为主,偶见长石岩屑砂岩,成分成熟度和结构成熟度中等;（2）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩经历了压实（溶）作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用及交代作用等成岩作用,压实作用是造成储层致密的直接原因,钙质胶结和硅质胶结是储层致密化的根本因素;（3）苏盖特布拉克组砂岩的成岩演化阶段已达到中成岩B期,成岩演化序列为：压实作用/自生黏土矿物（绿泥石）环边—第一期长石、岩屑溶蚀作用—第一期硅质胶结—第一期泥微晶方解石胶结/压溶作用/黏土矿物的伊利化—第二次硅质胶结/第二期铁方解石胶结—钙质胶结物溶蚀。据此建立的成岩演化模式为塔里木盆地超深层致密砂岩中甜点储层预测提供可靠的地质依据。

     

鸡西盆地下白垩统城子河组-穆棱组露头砂岩中的黏土矿物成因探讨

对鸡西盆地下白垩统城子河组—穆棱组露头砂岩中的黏土矿物进行了X-衍射分析。研究结果表明,黏土矿物主要由伊利石,高岭石和伊/蒙混层组成,组合可分为高岭石型与伊/蒙混层和伊利石型两种,根据黏土矿物组合判断露头砂岩处于中成岩阶段A期。下白垩统城子河组—穆棱组煤系地层和泥岩成岩过程中析出的有机酸是高岭石型黏土矿物组合发育的重要原因,而沉积相带水动力条件弱导致砂岩渗滤条件的变差则是伊/蒙混层和伊利石型黏土矿物组合形成的原因。     

鄂尔多斯盆地伊金霍洛旗附近二叠系石千峰组岩石学、地球化学特征及其固碳能力分析

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国CO2地下埋藏的潜在目标区,位于伊金霍洛旗附近的中神监X井与CO2地下注入井中神注1井相邻,两者钻遇地层系统和岩石组合一致。为对示范区储层的固碳潜力和泥岩改造状况做出预测,为CO2地质储存的数值模拟研究提供基础地质信息和相关数据,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线荧光等多种技术手段,开展了中神监X井石千峰组的岩石学和地球化学特征研究。结果表明石千峰组的砂岩岩石类型主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩;泥岩主要由石英、粘土矿物和长石组成,其中,粘土矿物主要为伊利石,其次为蒙皂石、高岭石和绿泥石。预测在CO2注入后的流体-砂岩长期相互作用过程中,石千峰组砂岩可以通过形成片钠铝石、方解石、铁白云石和菱铁矿等固碳矿物,形成对CO2泄露而言的矿物圈闭,进而实现CO2的长期和安全封存;红色泥岩夹层将发生金属离子活化,导致泥岩褪色。     

柴达木盆地粘土矿物特征及其演化

对柴达木盆地下侏罗系河流夹沼泽相沉积的第三系以来湖相沉积的粘土矿物进行了X射线衍射、电镜等分析和观察，在此基础上讨论粘土矿物的成因，母岩分布和性质、水介质条件和古气候对粘土矿物形成和演化的影响，并通过粘土矿物含量和组合对比，讨论粘土矿物的继承性和粘土矿物组合差异的原因。     

The Upper Miocene Injana (Upper Fars) Formation of Iraq: insights on provenance history

Petrographic, geochemical, and scanning electron microscope analyses of the sandstone and mudstone units of the Upper Miocene Injana Formation are presented. Furthermore, microprobe analysis for amphiboles, pyroxenes, garnet, and chromian spinels as common heavy mineral species present is done to support other results for better understanding of the provenance history of the Injana Formation. The sandstones of the Injana Formation consist of terrigenous carbonate lithic fragments as common type of sedimentary rock fragments in addition to chert, argillaceous, and rare sandstone fragments. They also include metamorphic and igneous lithic fragments, quartz, feldspars, and mica and generally, the sandstones are lithic arenites and immature. Scanning electron microscopic analysis for the heavy minerals shows that they have been affected by dissolution due to chemical etching and mechanical abrasion through several surface texture generated either in arid and semihumid environment or in diagenetic environment. Clay mineralogy of the mudstone units indicates the presence of illite, chlorite, kaolinite, palygorskite, and illite–smectite mixed layers. Bulk-rock and mineral phase geochemistry in addition to petrographic data suggest the derivation of the Injana Formation from a nearby sources with contribution from igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary provenance mainly from the high lands in the northeastern parts of Iraq which comprise mainly the Zagros mountains and the older sedimentary formations.     

A Reconstruction and Discussion of the Effect of Diagenetic Environment on Hydrocarbon Generation Based on Diagenetic Mineral Assemblage in Mudstone

Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone.     

东营凹陷下第三系流体-岩石相互作用研究

盆地内地层流体-岩石相互作用导致储层特征和流体性质发生变化,影响油气藏的形成与分布。本文分析了东营凹陷下第三系地层孔隙流体的化学和动力学特征及其分布规律,根据地层中矿物的组成和结构特征对成岩过程中地层古流体的地球化学特征进行了推测。并通过对典型油田泥岩层和砂岩层中矿物组合及其在地层剖面上的变化规律的实例剖析,揭示了东营凹陷下第三系储层中流体-岩石相互作用的基本特点,在此基础上,建立储层中流体-岩石相互作用的地质/地球化学模型。     

Basin-related uranium mineral systems in Australia: A review of critical features

This paper reviews critical features of basin-related uranium mineral systems in Australia. These mineral systems include Proterozoic unconformity-related uranium systems formed predominantly from diagenetic fluids expelled from sandstones overlying the unconformity, sandstone-hosted uranium systems formed from the influx of oxidised groundwaters through sandstone aquifers, and calcrete uranium systems formed from oxidised groundwaters flowing through palaeochannel aquifers (sand and calcrete). The review uses the so-called ‘source-pathway-trap’ paradigm to summarise critical features of fertile mineral systems. However, the scheme is expanded to include information on the geological setting, age and relative timing of mineralisation, and preservation of mineral systems. The critical features are also summarised in three separate tables. These features can provide the basis to conduct mineral potential and prospectivity analysis in an area. Such analysis requires identification of mappable signatures of above-mentioned critical features in geological, geophysical and geochemical datasets. The review of fertile basin-related systems shows that these systems require the presence of at least four ingredients: a source of leachable uranium (and vanadium and potassium for calcrete-uranium deposits); suitable hydrological architecture enabling connection between the source and the sink (site of accumulation); physical and chemical sinks or traps; and a post-mineralisation setting favourable for preservation. The review also discusses factors that may control the efficiency of mineral systems, assuming that world-class deposits result from more efficient mineral systems. The review presents a brief discussion of factors which may have controlled the formation of large deposits in the Lake Frome region in South Australia, the Chu-Sarysu and Syrdarya Basins in Kazakhstan and calcrete uranium deposits in the Yilgarn region, Western Australia.     

中国盆地铀资源概述

近20多年来,我国在北方6大沉积盆地中陆续发现了系列大型和超大型砂岩型铀矿床,丰富的资源量昭示了沉积盆地是一个巨大的促使铀汇聚的化学反应器.然而,盆地中的铀矿床类型远不止于砂岩型一种,它们一并构成了宝贵的盆地铀资源.将在沉积盆地发展演化过程中,受沉积、成岩和构造作用制约而促使铀富集形成的系列铀矿床,统称为盆地铀资源.充分考虑铀成矿作用的关键制约要素和矿床形成的发育时序,将盆地铀资源划分为同沉积型、不整合型和成岩型三大类13个亚类型矿床.在盆山耦合的构造体制驱动下,铀的变价属性是铀大尺度循环(汇聚与分散)的基础,这使得各种铀矿床之间既具有成因联系又能相互转化.我国已探明盆地铀资源的矿床成因类型、时空分布和资源量规模极不均衡,但是北方砂岩型铀矿床和南方碳硅泥岩型铀矿床构成了盆地铀资源的主体,从而具有"一北一南"、"一陆一海"、"一新一老"的基本格局.目前,北方砂岩型铀矿是我国勘查和开发的重点,然而铀储层结构和物质成分的非均质性极大,地浸采铀技术亟需革新以适宜多数砂岩型铀矿床的开发.同时,需要在新地区、新层位发现更多新类型铀矿床,还需要依赖技术研发盘活已发现的以南方碳硅泥岩型铀矿床为代表的"...     

东胜地区直罗组含铀砂岩中方解石的碳氧同位素组成及铀成矿意义

方解石是东胜地区直罗组含铀砂岩中重要的胶结物类型,同时碳酸盐化与铀成矿作用关系密切。通过方解石胶结物岩石学、矿物学、碳氧同位素分析,研究了含铀砂岩中方解石碳氧同位素组成、沉淀机制及铀成矿意义。研究表明,东胜地区砂岩类型为长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩和石英砂岩,粘土矿物主要由蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石组成,方解石类型以含铁矿方解石为主,其次为铁方解石。方解石δ~(13)C_(PDB)为-15.7‰~-1.6‰,平均-9.08‰,δ~(18)O_(PDB)为-15.6‰~-10‰,平均-12.4‰,显示其形成与有机酸脱羧作用有关,碳来源为有机碳。碳氧同位素分析数据计算表明,与方解石平衡的水相氧同位素组成变化范围较宽,为-7.66%-9.71‰,推测较轻的同位素组成具有封存大气降水的特征,而较重同位素组成则反映成岩成矿过程中深部富含油气低温热流体的加入。综合分析认为,东胜地区直罗组砂岩中方解石是地表水和深部油气共同作用的结果:早期有机酸促使长石类骨架颗粒溶蚀,形成石英颗粒次生加大边,并伴随着自生高岭石沉淀;后期随着大量烃类注入砂岩中,成岩成矿环境由酸性向碱性转变,还原性增强,介质水中的CO_2与Ca~(2+)圾Fe~(2+)结合形成含铁为特征的方解石,沉淀在原生粒间孔和各类次生溶蚀孔隙中。整个过程都伴随有铀元素运移和沉淀,暗示东胜铀矿床是地表水和深部油气混合作用形成的。     

中亚独联体五国铀成矿的大地构造背景

中亚独联体五国 :哈萨克斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦、吉尔吉斯坦、土库曼斯坦和塔吉克斯坦的中亚大陆地壳构造单元 ,其中分布着大批砂岩型铀矿床和碱交代岩型、含铀煤岩型、含鱼残骸泥岩型和碳酸盐岩型铀矿床 ,计百余个。这些矿床的铀储量约占全球总工业铀储量的30 %。文中划分出8个铀矿域 ,编制了各铀矿域的成矿大地构造剖面 ,并进行了对比研究 ;对上述五种主要铀矿床类型的成矿学特征作了概述 ;归纳出四种铀成矿大地构造模式 ,指出除地台型模式外 ,其余的地槽 +地洼型、地台 +地洼型、地洼型等三种模式均与地洼阶段的构造—岩浆活化作用密切相关 ,甚至是形成工业铀矿床最至关重要的背景因素。文中最后还对中亚型和华夏型地洼铀成矿学的异同特点 ,作了对比分析。     

格陵兰岛铀矿资源潜力评价

格陵兰矿产资源丰富,但尚未大规模开发,现已逐渐成为矿产资源勘查与开发的热点地区。格陵兰的矿产勘查资料易于获得,但中文资料匮乏。中国铀矿类型主要有岩浆型、热液型、砂岩型和碳硅泥岩型,总体上"小、贫、散",超大型与大型铀矿床很稀缺。为缓解中国铀矿资源的紧缺状况,推动中国企业在格陵兰"走出去",在收集整理资料的基础上,初步评价了格陵兰的铀矿资源潜力。格兰陵主要的铀矿成因类型是砂岩型、砾岩型、脉型、侵入岩型、火山岩型和交代岩型6种。可确定5个找矿远景区,其中A级3个,B级和C级各1个,建议中国企业重点关注A级远景区。格陵兰政府对于铀矿开采的禁令已经解除,铀矿资源可利用性评价良好,值得中国企业关注。     

南岭成矿带铀矿地质特征、成矿规律与全位成矿模式

南岭成矿带是中国重要的铀矿基地,产出的铀矿床以花岗岩型为主,其次为碳硅泥岩型和少量砂岩型。本文通过搜集整理前人找矿勘查和科研成果,认为南岭成矿带多期多阶段构造演化为铀成矿作用提供了初始铀源、产铀花岗岩、断裂网络和含铀热液等有利的成矿条件。产铀花岗岩大多是由高硅、过铝、偏钾高碱的S型花岗岩,沿断裂分布的构造碎裂岩、蚀变岩和还原性地质体是有利的赋矿围岩。矿化与蚀变中心带发育沥青铀矿、黑色微晶玉髓、紫黑色萤石、胶状黄铁矿、赤铁矿、绿泥石等矿物组合。铀矿体形态多样,以中小规模、中低工业品位为主。南岭成矿带中新生代多阶段区域性拉张过程中形成了多阶段铀矿化。花岗岩型铀矿床分布于加里东隆起区花岗岩内部构造结和岩体接触带附近,矿体沿断裂与蚀变体一起赋存于氧化-还原界面和脆韧性构造转换面之间的"成矿壳层"内。南岭成矿带中新生代"空间全位"铀成矿模式显示,不同的构造层、不同的建造、不同的岩性及不同的部位均有铀成矿潜力,但由于具体成矿条件的不同组合而产出不同类型、不同规模、不同时间和不同强度的铀矿化。也就是说,难以排除某一空间部位不成矿的可能性。根据这一"全位"成矿的认识,从不同的角度对南岭成矿带中新生代铀...